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1、【精品文档】如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流新版新目标英语八年级下册unit9知识点总结.精品文档.Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?Section A1.ever 曾经 (用于现在完成时。ever用于疑问句、否定句) Have you ever seen the film?No, never.2.have/has been to / have / has gone to / have/ has been in 辨析:(1)have/ has been to + 地名 曾经去过某地 , 现在已经回到原地。He has been to Engla
2、nd twice他曾经去过英国两次。(现在已经不在英国了)Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你到过长城吗?(现在已经不在长城上)(2)have gone to 已经去某地了 , 说话时该人不在现场。 He has gone to England。他已去英国了。(已经不在说话的地方,到达英国或者在去英国的路上)(3)have been in +地点 待在某地,常与时间段搭配。 I have been in Shanghai for three years.2. 在英语中,表示“也”的知识归纳如下: 主语 + neitherA. 否定句中的“也” neith
3、er +助动词/be + 主语 完整的否定句后加either,但要加逗号隔开。He didnt go to school. 他没有去上学。Me neither. =Neither did I.= I didnt go to school , either. 主语 + too B.肯定句中的“也” so +助动词/be+ 主语 完整的肯定句后加too,且要用逗号隔开。He is a good student.Me too.=So am I =Im a good student, too.3. (1) Lets 中的us 包括对方,反意疑问句用 shall we Lets go and liste
4、n to the music, _?(2)Let us 不包括对方, 反意疑问句用will you Let us wait for you in the reading room, _?(3) Let sb. do sth 让某人做某事 (sb.应用人称代词的宾格形式)4. go somewhere 形容词修饰不定代词/副词,放在不定代词之后。【注】somewhere 表达地点时, 前面不用介词。 Go and paly somewhere else. 不定副词:somewhere , anywhere, nowhere somewhere在某处用在肯定句中anywhere无论何处用在否定句或
5、疑问句中nowhere在什么地方都不否定词,=notanywhereeverywhere各处,到处=here and there 不定副词被定语修饰时,定语必须放在其后 somewhere warm 暖和的地方5. Its really interesting, isnt it?【反意疑问句】(1)定义:即附加疑问句。表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。 (2)结构:陈述句 + 附加疑问句? Its hot today ,isnt it ? (3)原则:1.前肯后否,前否后肯 2.前名后代 3.时态一致 (4)做题方法A. 找动词 如果句中有助动词、情态动词、be动词,反意疑问句中也相应
6、的用助动词、情态动词、be动词。 He is a student ,_? 如果句中没有助动词、情态动词、be动词,只有实义动词时,就要借助助动词。 She often get up at 6:30 every morning,_?B.判断句子是肯定还是否定,“前肯后否,前否后肯” The students have planted many trees,_?C.反意疑问句的主语必须转换成人称代词主格。 The boy cant swim,_?6. invent v 发明inventor n 发明家 invention n 发明【记】Edison , a great _, _over 1000_
7、 all his life.(invent)invent发明指事物从无到有(客观上没有)discover发现强调事物本身存在,只不过从“未知”到“已知”(客观上以前存在)7.lead led led v引导,引诱 leader n 领导人 All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马(1)lead to sth 导致(2) lead sb. to sw 引导某人去某地(3) lead sb. to do sth 引导某人干某事8. take (took , taken) v 乘, 坐, 搭(车,船)take the/a +交通工具+to +地点 乘坐(放于句中) 动词短语在句
8、中做谓语 take the subway 乘地铁 take the train 乘火车 take the bus 乘公共汽车 take the taxi 打的9.put up 搭起;举起;张贴 put away 把收起来 put on 穿上 put up 张贴 put out 熄灭 putinto 把放进 put down 放下10.information信息;资料(1) information指电视、电脑或其它杂志等获得的信息,为不可数名词; a piece of information 一条信息You can get much information on the Internet(2)m
9、essage消息、口信、电报 指书面、口头、无线电等传来的信息, 为可数名词; Ill leave a message for her. 我将为她留个口信。(3) news新闻,消息, 指通过报纸、电台、电视等新闻媒介报道的最新消息,为不可数名词。 a piece of news 一则新闻 No news is good news 没有消息就是好消息 11.unbelievable 难以置信的;不真实的(反)believe believe +able = believable 可信的 un + believable =unbelievable 难以置信的 12. progress v进步;进展
10、 n(不可数n) make progress 取得进步 make progress in 在.方面 取得进步 I have made much progress in English.13.rapid adj.迅速的;快速的= quick /fast He has made rapid progress in his studies.rapid 强调反应“敏捷”等She made a rapid decision.quick强调时间 “短“ There will be a quick visit.fast强调速度 “ 快”I can run fast .14. wonder (1) v想要知道
11、= want to know 后接从句,也可接疑问词+不定式 I wonder who she is. I wonder what to do next. (2) n. 惊奇;奇观 the seven wonders of the world 【记】 I wondered how on earth this wonder was built. 他想知道这个奇观究竟是怎么样建成的。15.unusual adj.特别的;不同寻常的(反)usual an unusual experience 不同寻常的经历 un + adj. unhappy unfortunate uneasy unlucky u
12、nable unfriendly unimportant13. I just couldnt believe my eyes when I saw so many different kinds of toilets there. 当我看到那里有如此多不同的厕所的时候, 我简直不敢相信我的眼睛。 couldnt believe my eyes. 无法相信我的眼睛 (表示惊讶)14. encourage sb. to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. in sth 在某方面鼓励某人15. social 社会的 society n 社会 socialist 社会主意者 so
13、cial problem 社会问题16. peaceful adj. 和平的,安宁的 peace n 和平 peaceful adj. 和平的 peacefully adv 和平地 beauty n 美丽 beautiful adj. 美丽的 help n 帮助helpful adj. 有帮助的 use n 用途useful adj. 有用的 thank n感谢 thankful adj. 感激的 17.performan v 表演;演出 performance n 演出;表演 musical performance 音乐演奏18.perfect adj. 完美的 Practice makes
14、 perfect. 熟能生巧19. tea sets 茶具(1) tea sets 茶具 the tea art 茶艺 the tea art performance 茶艺表演(2)green tea 绿茶 black tea 红茶 milk tea 奶茶 Oolong tea 乌龙茶(3)make tea 泡茶 serve tea to . 给.敬茶20.itself 它自己反身代词(1)反身代词的构成一、二人称的反身代词构成:形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成单数myselfyourself复数ourselvesyourselves第三人称的反身代词构成:第三人称宾格+self/
15、selves单数:himselfherselfitself复数: themselves(2) 反身代词的常见搭配:enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得高兴by oneself =alone 独自 teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学 help oneself to 随便吃 introduce oneself to 自我介绍 hurt oneself 伤到自己 improve oneself 提高自己 look after oneself照顾自己 leave sb by oneself把某人单独留下 lose ones
16、elf in 沉迷于 say to oneself 自言自语 for oneself 为了某人自己 dress oneself 给某人自己穿衣服(3) 反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。21. collect v 收集 collection n 收藏 collector n 收藏家 collect stamps /coins 收集邮票/硬币 have a collection of books 收藏书【记】He is a famous _ and he has _ a lot of _(collect).22.German 德国人 (pl) Germans 国家国籍形容词居民语言中国China
17、 中国的Chinese 中国人Chinese汉语Chinese英国England英国的English 英国人Englishman 英语English日本 Japan日本的Japanese日本人Japanese日语 Japanese加拿大Canada加拿大的Canadian 加拿大人Canadian 英语/法语English/French美国(America)The United States美国的American美国人American英语English澳大利亚Australia澳大利亚Australian澳大利亚人Australian英语English23.right now (1)现在= a
18、t the moment 可用于一般现在时或现在进行时They are listening to the concert right now. (2)立刻;马上 Ill do it right now.24.walk around 四处走动 around作介词/副词,常与下列动词搭配使用。 go around 四处走动; look around 环顾;参观 travel around 到处旅游 show sb around sp. 带领某人参观某地25.hear of 听说 listen to/hear(1)listen/listen to 听,侧重听的“过程”(2)hear 听,侧重听的“结
19、果” hear sb. do sth 听见某人做某事 I often hear him sing in the room. hear sb. doing sth 听见某人正在做某事 I hear him singing in the room hear of/about 听说 hear from =receive a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信 Im sorry to hear that.听到这件事我很难过(指听到别人不幸的消息时的用语)26.take a ride 兜风 take ( took , taken ) v (vt)(1). 拿,带;吃,喝,吸入;坐,搭(2).
20、 做某些动作,需要 take away 拿走 take care (=be careful=look out) take (good) care of (好好)照顾,照料 take down 取下来 take out 拿出 take off脱下;飞机(等起飞) take ones time 别着急,慢慢来 take ones temperature 量体温 take a walk散步, take a rest休息一下,10. take a look看一看 27.a couple of 两个;几个a couple of通常指同类事物中的任意两个或几个,不一定是成对的使用a pair of “一双
21、(对、副.) ,通常指成对使用的的东西。 如一双鞋等There are a couple of beds in the room.This pair of shoes is a bit small for me.Section B-self Check1. how long 问时间 多久, 多长 how far 问路程 多远 how old问年龄 多少岁 how often 问频率 多久一次 how much 问价格 多少 how many + n复数 多少2. thousands of 数以千记的;许许多多的 hundred n 百 hundreds of 数以百的 thousand n 千
22、 thousands of成千上万的 million n 百万 millions of成百万的【注】:(1)当million 前面有具体的数字时,用单数形式 (2)当million 后与of 连用时用复数形式, millions of 是数百万的意思,前面不能加数词【口诀】:具体的不加s 也不加of,不具体的加s 也加of3.safe adj.安全的 safety n. 安全 safely advsafety belt 安全带 safety first 安全第一4. on the one hand , on the other hand 一方面, 另一方面 (该短语常并列使用,用于列举原因,情
23、况等) 5. three quarters 四分之三(分数表达法) 【分数词的表达法】:(1) 结构: a.分子用基数词,分母用序数词. 分子(基数词) 1 分母(序数词) 4 =one fourth = one quarterb.当分子大于1时,分母为序数词加s. = three fourths = three quarters (2)注意: 分数词的几种特殊形式. 1/3one third = a third 1/4one fourth = a quarter 1/2one second = a half 3/4three fourths = three quarters (3)分数词作主
24、语时, 谓语动词根据分数词后面的名词来确定. 不可数名词 +动词单三形式 分数 + of + 可数名词 + 动词变复数形式 Two fifths of the milk _(be ) drunk by Tom . One third of the students _(be )girls .6. simple 仅仅;只;不过 simply adv 仅仅 = just / only7. English-speaking 讲英语的8. practice v 练习;实践 practice sth 练习某物/事 practice doing sth练习做某事9. have problems /trou
25、ble / difficulty (in ) doing sth 做某事有困难10. whether 是否;不管(还是);或者(或者),常与or连用。 引导让步状语从句,从句用一般现在时。 Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it.11.Japanese n 日本人;日语 (pl) Japanese adj. 日本的,日语的; 日本人的12.might 可能 may 的过去式,表推测 He might come today13.fox (pl) foxes old foxes 老狐狸;老油条 A fox may grow grey, but
26、 never good. 江山易改本性难移14.during 在期间 during prep. 在.期间, during the concert 在音乐会期间 during + 时间段 与延续性动词连用表示某段时间的动作 during the daytime = in the daytime/day 在白天15.sleep sleep / asleep 辨析(1) sleep =be in bed v 睡觉,指睡的动作状态,(2) get to sleep =fall asleep 入睡,强调进入睡眠的状态(3)go to bed 上床睡觉,强调睡觉的动作。【记】He went to bed
27、at ten last night , but he didnt go to sleep until . He only fell asleep for 5 hours. sleep (slept; slept) v睡觉 sleepy adj. 困倦的;疲惫的sleepy“困倦的”可做表语和定语feel sleepy 感到疲倦sleeping“熟睡的“可做定语和表语the sleeping baby 熟睡的婴儿asleep “睡着的”, 只做表语fall asleep 入睡16. (its) time to do sth 到了该做某事的时候了17. choose chose chosen v.
28、 选择 choice n. 选择 This is a correct choice. choose to do sth 选择做某事18. whenever = no matter when任何时候19. spring n 春天 Spring Festival 春节 n 泉水 A years plan starts with spring 一年之计在于春 If winter comes, can spring be far behind? P .B Shelley.20. close adj. 离.近,与.亲近的(1) v 关(反) open closed adj. 关的(2) adj.密切的 be close to a close friend 一个亲密的朋友 My home is close to the school.(3) adv. 接近地 靠近地 Today I come close to be late.(4)open v 开 open adj. 开着的 close v 关 closed 关闭的