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1、EnglishBasicTenses(时态),他昨天来了.他已经来了.他明天来.汉语借助词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过谓语动词时态变化来表现.任何句子都要先注意时态.,Hecameyesterday.,Hehascome.,Hewillcometomorrow.,一般过去时(TheSimplePastTense),一般现在时(TheSimplePresenttense,一般将来时(TheSimpleFutureTense),现在进行时(ThePresentContinuousTense),过去进行时(ThePastContinuousTense),现在完成时(TheP
2、resentPerfectTense),过去完成时(ThePastPerfectTense),过去将来时(TheSimplePastFutureTense),Howdidyouspendyourchildhood?(3sentencesormore,使用实意动词和系动词,注意动词形式变化),Example:I_(spend)mychildhoodhappilywithmyoldfriends.Wealways_(play)footballandbasketballtogetherandwe_(not)havesomuchhomeworktodoasnow.We_(be)happyatthatt
3、ime.,spent,played,didnt,were,一般过去时(TheSimplePastTense)1.结构:谓动用动词过去式2.用法:在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。如yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,in1982等。,Howisyourdailylifeasahighschoolstudent?,(3sentencesormore,使用实意动词和系动词,注意动词形式变化),二.一般现在时(ThePresentIndefinite)1.结构:主语为第三人称单数,谓动要变化,其余人称用原形.,Istudyhardeveryd
4、ayandIgetalongwellwithmyclassmates,butsometimesImissmyfamilies.,2.用法:1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如often/usually,every,sometimes,at,onSunday。,2)表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.,3)表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态,一般用于be,come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,return等动词中，常与时间状语连用如：Themeetingstartsat2:00p
5、.m.,Dadsaidtome,“Iwillbuyacomputerforyouifyoucanpasstheexam.”Dadtoldme(that)he_(buy)acomputerformeifIcouldpasstheexam.,wouldbuy,.过去将来时(ThepastfuturesimpleTense),1.用法:过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾语从句中.,2.结构:Should/would+动词原形Theboypromisedhewouldworkhard.ItoldmyparentsIshouldreturnearly.,2).其他形式
6、was(were)goingtowas(were)to+动词原形was(were)aboutto,犹如,picture,HowwillyouspendyourSpringFestivalholiday?IwillImgoingto,三.一般将来时(TheSimpleFutureTense)will/begoingtodo,2.be+todo，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。Wearetohaveanexamthisweek.,3.beabouttodo,表示马上做某事,不能与明确表示将来的时间状语连用.HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.,Whataretheydoingnow?
7、Theyarehavingaclass.,四.现在进行时(ThePresentContinuousTense),2.用法：1)表示现在(指说话时)正在发生的事情。WearehavingEnglishclassnow.2)表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.,1.结构:be(am,are,is)+doing,3)现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动作,多用于表示移动的动词,如:come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay.Imleavingtomorrow.Areyoustayinghere
8、tillnextweek?,OnAugust8,2008,the29thOlimpicGameswasopeninginBeijing.,Whatwereyoudoingonthatday?,五.过去进行时(ThePastContinuousTense),1.结构：was/were+doing2.用法:表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态。常用的时间状语attenyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while,English,boringorfunny?,Q1:HowoldwereyouwhenyoufirststartedlearningEn
9、glish?Q2:HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?A:WehavelearntEnglishformanyyearssincewewere6yearsold.,六.现在完成时(ThepresentPerfectTense),1.结构:have(has)+过去分词2.用法:1).现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态,通常用于延续性动词.常与表示延续性的时间状语连用,如:sofar,uptonow,recently,inthepast6years,since,for等等,IhavelivedinZhuhaifor3years.,2).表示发生在过去的某
10、一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常用的时间状语有:just,already,yet,ever,never,once等等.Wehavefinishedourlunchalready.Haveyouevertriedthismethod?,比较一般过去时与现在完成时,1).一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态,不涉及对现在的影响；现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到现在,或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响。MyfamilylivedinZhuhaitenyearsago.（现在不在了)MyfamilyhavelivedinZhuhaifor10years.(目前还在珠海),2).过
11、去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与不确定的或包括现在在内的时间状语连用，或无时间状语.IstudiedinZhongshanuniversityin2000.(2000年表示具体的过去时间）IhavestudiedinZhongshanuniversitysince2000.(since2000表示从2000年至今,包括现在在内)Ihavejustboughtanapartment.(just表示不确定的时间状语）,注意：,非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（
12、错）Ihaventreceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.（对）,比较since和for,since+时间点,用来说明动作起始时间for+时间段,用来说明动作延续时间长度。Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.,七.过去完成时(ThepastperfectTense),结构:had+过去分词概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|-过去之前过去现在将来,Yougraduated(毕业)fromJuniorMiddleSchoolinJuly2009.Youhadstayedtheref
13、or3yearswhenyougraduated.,Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves_(runaway).WhenIcameintotheclassroom,mydearstudents_(begin)reading.,hadrunaway,hadbegun,ExercisesIusually_upat6:00,butyesterdayI_upat7:00andtomorrowI_upat6:30.(get)Listen!Someone_(knock)atthedoor.I_(be)inBeijingfortwoyears.Howoften_Andy_(surf)
14、theinternet?Hefellasleepwhilehe_(read)abook.,groupcompetition,get,willget,got,isknocking,havebeen,does,surf,wasreading,6.I_never_(hear)ofthatmanbefore.7.Mybrotheroften_(go)forwalkslastsummer.8.Lilysaidshe_(put)onthenewdressthenextday.9._thestory_(happen)inLondonin1949?10.What_hismother_(do)whenheope
15、nedthedoor?,have,heard,went,would,Did,happen,was,doing,11.Ifit_(notrain)tomorrow,they_(go)fishing.12._yourmother_thepianoeverySunday?13.They_(not)callyouthedayaftertomorrow.14.Tom_(work)theresincetwoyearsago.15.BythetimeI_(walk)intotheclassroom,theteacher_(start)teaching.,doesntrain,willgo,Does,hasw
16、orked,wont,walked,hadstarted,play,JennyJenny_(be)aforeigngirl.She_(come)fromtheUnitedStates.Look,she_(draw)picturesinthelivingroom.Twoyearsago,herparents_(move)toChina.Jenny_(nothave)anyfriends,soshe_(feel)lonely.Butnow,she_(have)manyChinesefriendsand_(study)withthemeveryday.Jenny_(visit)hergrandpar
17、entsintheUnitedStatesnextmonth.,is,comes,isdrawing,moved,didnthave,felt,has,studies,willvisit,anemptystreetanemptyhouseaholeinsideheartImallaloneandtheroomsaregettingsmallerIwonderhowiwonderwhyIwonderwheretheyarethedayswehadthesongswesangtogetherandoh!mylove,Imholdingonforeverreachingforalovethatsee
18、mssofarsoisayalitterprayernomydreamwilltakemetherewheretheskiesarebluetoseeyouonceagainmylove,OnegoodturndeservesanotherI_(have)dinneratarestaurantwhenTonySteelecamein.Tony_(work)inalawyersofficeyearsago,buthe_(work)atabanknow.He_(get)agoodsalary,buthealways_(borrow)moneyfromhisfriendsandnever_(pay)
19、itback.Tony_(see)meand_(come)and_(sit)atthesametable.He_never_(borrow)moneyfromme.Whilehe_(eat),I_(ask)himtolendmetwentypounds.Tomysurprise,he_(give)methemoneyimmediately.Ihaveneverborrowedanymoneyfromyou,Tonysaid,sonowyoucanpayformydinner!,washaving,worked,isworking,asked,saw,came,has,sat,gave,wase
20、ating,borrows,gets,pays,borrowed,动词的语态(voice),动词的语态,语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。,Wewatchedafilmlastnight.Idrinkmilkeveryday.Afilm_.Milk_.Summary(总结):is/was+done(p.p),Present/pastsimple(一般现在/过去时),waswatchedbyuslastnight,isdrunkbymeeveryday,Will/wouldbedone新电脑下周将投入使用。Thenewcomputersw
21、illbeusednextweek.妈妈告诉我我的自行车明天去修。Mymothertoldmethatmybikewouldberepairedthenextday.,Present/pastfuture(一般将来时/过去将来时),am/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone中国国家大剧院正在建设当中。TheNationalOperaBuildingisbeingbuiltatpresent.,Present/pastprogressive(现在进行时/过去进行时),has/havebeendonehadbeendone这个问题已经得到了圆满的解决。Theproble
22、mhasbeenwellsolved.昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。ThemilkhadbeensoldwhenIgottothesupermarketlastnight.,Present/pastperfect(现在完成时/过去完成时),不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态比较：rise是不及物动词；raise是及物动词。Thepricehasbeenrisen.Thepricehasrisen.Thepricehasraised.Thepricehasbeenraised.Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.Theaccidenthappenedlastwee
23、k.,(错),(对),(错),(对),(错),(对),要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。,一般现在时:be(am/are/is)+p.p.(过去分词)一般过去时:be(was/were)+p.p.一般将来时:willbe+p.p.过去将来时:wouldbe+p.p.现在进行时:be(am/are/is)+being+p.p.过去进行时:be(was/were)+being+p.p.现在完成时:have/has+been+p.p.过去完成时:had+been+p.p.,高中英语教学大纳中要
24、求掌握的只有八种：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，过去将来时。另外现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时和将来完成时也比较常用。,动词时态和语态,时态主动被动一般现在时dobe(am/are/is)+done一般过去时didbe(was/were)+done一般将来时Willdowillbe+done过去将来时Woulddowouldbe+done现在进行be(am/are/is)+doingbe(am/are/is)+being+done过去进行时be(was/were)+doingbe(was/were)+being+done现在完成时have/
25、has+been+doinghave/has+been+done过去完成时had+been+doinghad+been+done,Challengeyourself!,1、对於这个问题，关注很少。Littleattentionwaspaidtothisproblem.2、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。Groupdiscussionshouldbeencouragedinclass.3、据报导，这里将修建一条新的马路。Itisreportedthatanewroadwillbebuilthere.4、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。Measuresshouldbetakentostoptheriver
26、frombeingpolluted.,动词时态的一些典型用法,1.在条件状语从句、时间状语从句、让步状语从句中，主将从现。Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshearrives.CanIjoinyourclub,Dad?Youcanwhenyougetabitolder.Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.Hewillworkwhereverheiswanted.,2.语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚才，刚刚”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。Comeonin,Peter.Iwan
27、ttoshowyousomething.Oh,howniceofyou!Ineverthoughtyouweregoingtobringmeagift.Yourphonenumberagain?Ididntquitecatchit.Nancyisnotcomingtonight.Butshepromised!3.用一般过去时表示过去经常发生的动作(也可用“usedtodo”或“woulddo”代替)。DuringthevacationIoftenswam/wouldswiminthesea.Iusedtosmoke.,4.表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope,expect,mean,inten
28、d,want,think,suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。IhadhopedtoseemoreofShangHai.Ihadmeanttohelpyou,butIwastoobusyatthemoment.Ihadthoughtyouwouldcometomorrow.,5.某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定俗成的。It/ThisisthefirsttimeIhavecomehere.Itwasthethirdtime(that)hehadmadethesamemistake.Itis/hasbeentwomonthssinceIgaveupsmoking.It
29、wastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.Iwasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.TheywerereadingwhenTomshoutedinpain.,Hardly(Nosooner)hadIgothomewhen(than)therainpoureddown.It+be+一段时间+before从句Itwontbelongbeforehesucceeds.(=Hewillsucceedsoom.)Itwastenyearsbeforetheymetagain.(=Theymetagaintenyearslater
30、.),高考对于进行体的常考点,一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。如：Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.ThestudentswerewritingbusilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshehadleftintheoffice.Tomslippedintothehousewhennoonewaslooking.Asshewasreadingthenewspaper,Grannyfellasleep.ThereportersaidthattheUFOwas
31、travelingeasttowestwhenhesawit.,表示动作的未完性、暂时性。如：Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?Notyet.Theroomsarebeingpainted.Idontreallyworkhere;Iamjusthelpingoutuntilthenewsecretaryarrives.ShirleywaswritingabookaboutChinalastyearbutIdontknowwhethershehasfinishedit.Selectingamobilephoneforapersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecau
32、setechnologyischangingsorapidly.,表示计划、安排要做的事。如：IvewonaholidayfortwodaystoFlorida.Iamtakingmymum.WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?Ihadjustfinishedmyworkandwasstartingtotakeashower.,表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。IdontthinkJimsawme;hewasjuststaringintospace.IfirstmetLisa3yearsago.Shewasworkingataradioshopatthet
33、ime.Isthisraincoatyours?No,mineishangingtherebehindthedoor.Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!Oh,Imterriblysorry,Iwasntnoticing.,主动和被动,一、get+过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。Shegotmarriedlastweek.Thepatientgottreatedonceaweek.Hefelloffthecarandgotkilled.beseated/behiddenHeisseatedonabench.（Heseatshimselfonabench.）Hewashid
34、denbehindthedoor.(Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor.)belost/bedrunk/bedressed(in),二、主动形式表被动意义1.系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+形容词/名词,构成系表结构。Thesteelfeelscold.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.Ithasgonebad.,2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如:begin,finish,start,open,close,st
35、op,end,shut,run,move等。Workbeganat7oclockthismorning.Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.3.need/want/requiredoing,beworthdoing,betoblame主动表被动。4.在“be+形容词+todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。Thiskindofwaterisntfittodrink.Thegirlisnteasytogetalongwith.,5.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如read,write,act,iron,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,cl
36、ean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink。这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。Thiscoatdrieseasily.Nyloncleanseasily.Thedoorwontlock.Foodcankeepfreshinafridge.Yourspeechreadswell.Thismaterialhaswornthin.Hisbookdoesnotsell.(没有销路)Yourpenwritessmoothly.Theplanworkedoutwonderfully.Therecorderwontplay.Thisknifecutswell.Theclothwasheswell.(耐洗),