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1、1 / 13 2018年 11月 6日学位北京英语考试A 卷真题Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: Archaeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means, more or less, “the study of old things”. So, it is really a part of the study of history. However, most historians use paper evidence, such as lette
2、rs, paintings and photographs，but archaeologists ( 考古学家 ) learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, these are the hard materials that dont break down or disappear very quicklythings like human bones and objects made from stone and metal. It is very unusual to find anyth
3、ing more than the hard evidence of history-normally, the bacteria (细菌) in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood. Occasionally, things are different. In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of Englan
4、d. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soup walk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever. The men were working when one of them saw something sticking out a human foot! Naturally, the men called t
5、he police，who then found the rest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possibly-but it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organs the scientists w
6、ho examined him were able to look inside the mans stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal! Why was this man so well preserved? (76) It was because he was in a very watery environment, safe fi:om the bacteria that need oxygen to live. Also, the water in the bog was very acidic.
7、The acid preserved the mans skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes. How did he die? Understandably, archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more about the person that they called,“Lindow Man ”. (77) His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadnt done
8、heavy manual work in his lifehe could have been a rich man. They found that he hadnt died by accident. The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods. 1. Which language does the word “archaeology ”come from? A. French. B. Greek. C. Roman. D. German. 2. The word “these ” in
9、 the first paragraph refers to_. A. letters B. photographs C. paintings D. objects 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 13 页2 / 13 3. Which of the following helped to preserve“Lindow Man”? A. Ice and Iow temperature. B. Bacteria and oxygen. C. Soil and energy. D. Acid and water. 4. A
10、ccording to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. “Lindow Man”was named after the person who first found him. B. Historians usually use paper evidence, while archaeologists use hard evidence. C. “Lindow Man” was found by two archaeologists in the south of England. D. “Lindow Man
11、”was good at manual work. 5. Which is the best title for the passage? A. What Is Archaeology? B. Archaeology and History C. An Amazing Archaeological Discovery D. The Death of“Lindow Man” Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: The city has always been an engine of intellectu
12、al life, from the 18th-century cafes of London, where citizens gathered to discuss chemistry and politics, to the Left Bank bars of modern Paris, where Picasso talked about modem art. Without the metropolis, we might not have had the great art of Shakespeare. And yet, city life isnt easy. Now scient
13、ists have begun to examine how the city affects the brain, and the results are depressing. Just being in an urban environment, they have found, impairs ( 损害) our basic mental processes. (78) After spending a few minutes on a crowded city street, the brain is less able to hold things in memory, and s
14、uffers from reduced self-control. While its long been recognized that city life is exhausting, this new research suggests that cities actually dull our thinking, sometimes dramatically so. One of the main forces at work is a complete lack of nature, which is surprisingly beneficial for the brain. St
15、udies have demonstrated, for instance, that hospital patients recover more quickly when they can see trees from their windows, and that women 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 13 页3 / 13 living in public housing are better able to focus when their apartments overlook a lawn. Even
16、these glimpses of nature improve brain performance, it seems, because they provide a mental break from the urban life. This research arrives just as humans cross an important milestone (里程碑 ). For the first time in history, the majority of people live in cities. Instead of inhabiting wide-open space
17、s, were crowded into concrete jungles, surrounded by traffic and millions of Strangers. In recent years, its become clear that such unnatural surroundings have important implications for our mental and physical health, and can powerfully alter how we think. This research is also leading some scienti
18、sts to dabble (涉足) in urban design, as they look for ways to make the city less damaging to the brain. (79) The good news is that even slight alterations, such as planting more trees in the inner city or creating urban parks with a greater variety of plants, can significantly reduce the negative sid
19、e effects of city life. The mind needs nature, and even a little bit can be a big help. 6. Which of the following is the main idea of this passage? A. The city inspires talented people. B. The city hurts your brain. C. The city has many pleasures and benefits. D. The city seriously affects the natur
20、al balance. 7. The word “metropolis ” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to_. A. citizen B. nature C. city D. stress 8. People have just come to realize that_. A. human attention is a scarce resource B. city life can make people very tired C. the city is an engine of intellectual life D. a
21、n urban environment is damaging to the brain 9. What is the factor mentioned in the third paragraph that helps the hospital patients recover more quickly? A. Nature. B. Better treatment. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 13 页4 / 13 C. Experienced doctors. D. Good medicine. 10. Acc
22、ording to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Different aspects (方面) of an urban environment, such as the crowded streets, can lead to an increase in self-control. B. Small changes in urban design, cannot reduce the negative side effects of city life. C. For the first time in
23、history, the earths population is more urban than rural. D. A walk down a busy city street will improve brain performance. Passage 3 Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage: Breastfeeding ( 母乳喂养 ) for a month or longer appears to reduce a womans risk of getting diabetes (糖病) later in l
24、ife, according to a new study. The breastfeeding and diabetes link has been reported in other studies, according to researcher Eleanor Schwarz. Yet, her study makes the link easier to believe. Her study is published in a journal of medicine in America. Schwarz and her colleagues looked at data about
25、 breastfeeding practices. They evaluated data on 2,233 women fom Califomia. Of those, 405 were not mothers, 1,125 were mothers who breastfed for at least a month, and 703 were mothers who had never breastfed. They were 40 to 78 years old. According to Schwarzs study, the risk of getting a diagnosis
26、( 诊断) of Type 2 diabetes for women who breastfed all their children for a month or longer was similar to that of women who had not given birth. But mothers who had never breastfed were nearly twice as likely to develop diabetes as women who had never given birth. Mothers who never breastfed were abo
27、ut 1.4 times as likely to develop diabetes as women who breastfed for one to three months, Schwarz found. While one month of breastfeeding appears to make a difference, Schwarz says, even longer is better. (80) “Previous studies have shown the longer the mom breastfeeds, the more benefit for her bod
28、y.” Many experts recommend breastfeeding for six months and continuing for a year, she says. The diabetes-breastfeeding link is probably explained by belly fat. Mothers, who dont breastfeed, as they get older, may have more belly fat, as breastfeeding helps new mothers take off weight. “Belly fat in
29、creases the risk of diabetes as you get older,” she says.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 13 页5 / 13 The finding isnt surprising at all, says Kimberly Gregory. She often gives advice to women who get diabetes (occurring during pregnancy ( 怀孕) that they are at risk for later getti
30、ng Type 2 diabetes and suggests they breastfeed. The new findings will probably inspire Gregory to add to the-advice she gives moms-to-be about the benefits of breastfeeding. She often focuses on the benefits to the baby. 11. According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is TRU
31、E? A. About two thousand and two hundred old women took part in the study. B. Eleanor Schwarzs research program was about men and women who suffered from diabetes. C. Over one fifths of the women never got married. D. Eleanor Schwarzs results seem more reliable. 12. According to Schwarzs findings, w
32、ho are more likely to get diabetes later in life? A. Those mothers who had never breastfed. B. Those mothers who never gave birth. C. Those mothers who breastfed for a month. D. Those mothers who breastfed for six months. 13. Which of the following statements would Schwarz agree with? A. Breastfeedi
33、ng is not advisable because it is not good for a mom to keep a good shape. B. Breastfeeding can greatly reduce a mothers chances of getting all kinds of serious disease. C. Breastfeeding for a month is highly recommended: the longer, the better. D. Breastfeeding for a month or longer makes babies sm
34、arter. 14. What does the author mean by “moms-to-be” in the last paragraph? A. Women who are pregnant, especially for the first time. B. Women who dream of having babiesfor the first time. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 13 页6 / 13 C. Women who already have children. D. Women wh
35、o have just got babies for the first time. 15. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage? A. Breasffeeding May Enhance Babies Chances of Survival B. Breasffeeding May Lower Moms Diabetes Risk C. Breasffeeding May Become Very Fashioaable in Near Future D. Breasffeeding May Help
36、Women Lose Weight Part Vocabulary and Structure (30%) 16. You should carefully think over_ the manager said at the meeting. A. that B. which C. what D. whose 17. Last week I wrote to the hotel to book a room, but they _ yet. A. didnt answer B. wasnt answering C. hadnt answered D. havent answered 18.
37、 Diana felt very much upset at _ to the party as she had longed to go for a long time. A. having not been invited B. not having been invited C. not to be invited D. to be not invited 19. On no account _ held responsible for the car accident, so he should not be put into prison. A. the driver can be
38、B. can the driver be C. the driver be D. be the driver 20. All the kids are crying now. What_makes them so unhappy? A. it is B. is it C. it is that D. is it that 21. Unfortunately, the package I was expecting was _ to the wrong address. A. written B. given C. packed D. delivered 精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
39、 - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 13 页7 / 13 22. _by a large audience, he felt very nervous and didnt know what to say. A. Watching B. Watch C. Watched D. Having watched 23. Im very grateful for your help and hope to do something for you_in the future. A. in exchange B. instead C. in return D. in par
40、ticular 24. I can _you that the animals are well cared for in our zoo, so you neednt worry about them. A. suppose B. assume C. assure D. grant 25. The drowning boy made a _ attempt to catch the rope thrown to him. A. dangerous B. graceful C. gentle D. desperate 26. If we_early tomorrow morning, we w
41、ill reach the coast before dark. A. take off B. set off C. set up D. take up 27. A lot of people mistake John for Bill because they _ each other in appearance too much! A. weave B. utilize C. reveal D. resemble 28. When there are cordial relations between the two countries, we mean there exists a_ r
42、elationship between them. A. friendly B. hostile C. fertile D. complicated 29. The patients recovery was very encouraging as he could_get out of bed without help. A. only B. almost C. merely D. hardly 30. At the job interview, Mr. Brown gave a good _ of himself and finally got a job as a salesman. A
43、. opinion B. idea C. cry D. account 31. As is well known, eating too much fat can_heart disease and cause high blood pressure. A. add to B. attend to C. contribute to D. apply to 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 13 页8 / 13 32. A club is a place to make frequent_with friends. A. a
44、ccounts B. attempts C. contents D. contacts 33. _the obvious differences in size and population, the states of America have many things_ common. A. Although。 on B. Though。 in C. Despite 。 in D. Because of。 on 34. Scientists say it may be five or six years _this medicine is tested on human beings. A.
45、 since B. before C. after D. when 35. With larger numbers of graduates than ever before, just having a degree will no longer be enough to make you _in the crowd. A. stand up B. stand by C. stand for D. stand out 36. The doctor tried to do an experiment to find out the_of the medicine on the mice. A.
46、 cause B. result C. reason D. effect 37. This is only one of the laundries in the district modem equipment. A. that have B. which have C. that has D. what has 38. Skating can be good for you _ correctly. A. though doing B. though done C. if done D. if doing 39. By the end of last week 611 people fro
47、m 49 countries to attend the meeting, with nearly half coming from the United States, Germany and Britain. A. had registered B. have registered C. registered D. were registered 40. It was suggested that_big event like the Year of Russia in China should certainly benefit_relationship between the two
48、countries. A. a。 the B. the。 a C. a。 / D. the。 / 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 13 页9 / 13 41. Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded_ other more well-informed experimenters failed. A. as B. unless C. what D. where 42. Having been
49、 praised by the teacher, the little girl ran back home, _. A. happily and satisfied B. eager and excitedly C. happy and satisfied D. anxiously and excitedly 43How are their talks going on? Have they reached any agreement? They only seemed to have agreed to set another date for _ talks. A. deeper B.
50、slower C. further D. higher 44. _ ten minutes earlier, you wouldnt have missed the train. But you were late. A. Had you come B. Did you come C. Have you come D. Should you come 45. Having been told that her son died in the accident, the old woman appeared very calm, as if nothing _. A. happened B. w