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1、精品资料欢迎下载情态动词的用法一 can和 could 情态动词用法例子补充说明can/could 表示能力1I can speak fluent English now, but I couldnt last year.Can 表现在能力； Could 表示过去能力 .可用 be able to 代替； was/were able to 表示成功做了某事在肯定句中，表示客观可能性，并不涉及具体某事会发生， 常用来说明人或事物的特征。 要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时，不用can，需用could，may，might。1. I may stay at home this weekend.（实际可
2、能性）2. Peter might come to join us.(实际可能性 )3. It will be sunny in the daytime ,but it could rain tonight.(实际可能性 )1. can用于否定和疑问句 (could不限) 2. can (be)表示有时候会（常与sometimes, at times 连用）表示请求和允许。 表示请求，口语中常用could 代替 can，使语气更委婉。1Can we turn the air conditioner on? . 2. I wonder if I could just ask you to sig
3、n this. 1. 请求用 could 语气委婉2. 允许不用could. 表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测， 主要用在否定句和疑问句中。1It cant be easy caring for a man and a child who are not your own. 2Can the man over there be our head master? 表示惊异、 怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中。1Can this be an excuse for not giving them help? 2This can t be true.3How can you b
4、e so crazy! 特别提示：（1）could 用来表示请求时，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不能用于肯定句，回答应该用can（即： could 不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。如： Could I use your dictionary? Yes, you can.(否定回答可用：No, I m afraid not.) (2)can 和 be able to 区分can(could)和 be able to 都可以表示能力，意思上没有区别。但can 只有现在式和过去式，而be able to 则有更多的形式。如：I ve always wanted to able to speak flu
5、ent English. Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you ll be able to carry them on your own? 但是，表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力，终于做成了某事，通常不用could，而用 was/were able to 来精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载表示。这时， was/were able to 相当于 managed to do 或 succeed in doing。如：After the acci
6、dent it was a long time before she was able to walk again. The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building. (3) 惯用形式“ cannot too”表示“无论怎么也不（过分）” 。如：You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。惯用形式“ cannot but+ 不定式（不带to） ”表示“不得不，只好”。如：I cannot but admire her determination. 我不得不钦佩你的决心
7、。二may 和 might 情态动词用法例子补充说明may/might 表示允许、许可。否定回答一般用must not/mustn t, 表示“禁止、 阻止” 之意，但也可以用had better not (最好别 )或 may not （不可以），语气较为委婉。1 May I come in and wait? 2 May I smoke here? No, you mustn t(或No, you d better not.)1.请求用might 语气更委婉。2.允许时用may， 表示 “可以” （表示允许时不用might） 。在表示请求、 允许时， might 比 may语气更委婉些。用
8、May I征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气，在日常用语中，用Can I征询对方意见更为常见。1 Might I borrow your pen? 2 I wonder if I might speak to your son. 表示可能性的推测，通常用在肯定句和否定句中，含有“或许”“大概”“可能”之意；用might 代替 may 时，则语气显得更加不肯定。1 It may rain this afternoon. 2 I suppose he might have missed the train. 常用于肯定句（might可能最小）may用于祈使句表示祝愿1 May you
9、succeed！惯用句式：“may well+ 动词原形”，意为“完全能，很可能”，相当于to be very likely to “may as well或 might(just)as well+动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如” ，相当于 “had better或 there is no reason to do anything else. 1 There is nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed. 2 You may as well tell us now, we ll find out sooner or later.3 I sup
10、pose we might as well go home. 二must和 have to情态动词用法例子补充说明Must 表示“必须，应该”之意，语气比should，ought to 强烈。其否定形式mustn t 表示“不准，不应该， 禁止”1 You must come to school on time. 2 You mustn t drive so fast in the street. 1.must 多表主观、现在/将来义务 ; have to 多表客观、过去义务精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页精品资料
11、欢迎下载have to 等意3 We mustn t waste any more time. 2.mustnt 表禁止 ；否定用neednt / dont have to 在回答带有must 的问句时，否定回答常用needn t 或 don t have to，表示“不必” ，而不用mustn t 1 Must I come back before ten? Yes，you must.(No, you needn t) 表示有把握的推测，意为“一定、准是”1 It must be my mother. 2 You must be hungry after a walk. 3 There mu
12、st be a hole in the wall. 只用肯定句。在否定句/疑问句中用 can/could “必须，不得不” ，意义与must 相近。但must 表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to 则往往强调客观需要。1 The film is not interesting. I really must go now. 2 I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital. must 只有一种形式， 即现在式与过去式都是一种形式，而have to 则涉及各种人称、 时态等方面的变化形式。1I had to work hard when
13、 I was your age. 2In order to take the exam, we ll have to finish the whole book by the end of this month. 两者的否定意义不同，mustn t 表示“禁止，不许” ，don t have to 表示不必。1 You mustn t go there. 2 You don t have to go there. 3四shall和 should 情 态 动词用法例句补充说明shall 用于第一、二、三人称构成的疑问句，表示征求对方意见或请求指示1 Shall I open the window
14、? 2 Shall we say 6 o clock, then? 3 What shall I get for dinner? 表规章、法令、预言：“必须”用 于 所有 人 称Every competitor shall wear a number 用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。1 Don t worry, you shall get the answer this afternoon.( 允诺 ) 2 He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. （警告）3 You shall do as I say. (
15、命令 ) 4 If you children don t do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party. (威胁 ) should 表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”1 What should I do? 2 Should I trust him? 3 You should read his new book. 表示推测，用在肯定句中，对现在的情况或可能发生的事的主观推测或期待。意为 “想必，大概，或许”1 It should be a nice day tomorrow. 2 Try phoning Robert, he should be hom
16、e now. 3 He should be around sixty years 肯定的语气没有must 用于推测时强This pen ought to /should be yours. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载old. 还可以用在if 引导的条件句中，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能，相当于“万一”的意思。 从句谓语用should+动词原形构成，主句都一定用虚拟语气1 Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. (你万一见到汤姆
17、，请让他给我打个电话) 2 Should I be free tomorrow, I ll come. (万一我明天有时间，我就过来 ) 3 If things should change suddenly, please let me know. (万一情况突变，请通知我) 用于疑问句或感叹句中，表示意外、惊异的情绪，意为“竟会”，与 why，what，how，who 连用，如果是疑问句，则不需要回答。1 Why should anyone want to marry Tony? 2 Don t ask me. How should I know? 五will 和 would 情态动词用法例
18、句补充说明will/would 用于表示意志或意愿。will指现在， would 指过去。1 He is the man who will go his own way. (他是个自行其是的人。) 2 They said they would meet us at 10:30 at the station. Would 此时为 will 过去式，无意义差别表示请求、 建议等， 用 would比用 will 委婉、客气。1 Will you please take a message for him? 2 Would you please tell me your telephone numbe
19、r? 此意用于疑问句，常与you 连用Will you give me a piece of paper? 表示习惯或倾向，意为“总是， 惯于” 。 will 至现在，would指过去。1 Fish will die without water. 2 People will talk. (人们总会说闲话。 ) 3 When we worked in the same office, we would often have coffee together. Would 表过去反复的动作/某种倾向(相对于 used to 无“现已无此习惯”之义。 ) 表示推测，意为“很可能，大 概 ” 。 wil
20、l表 示 推 测 比should 把握大，比must 把握小。1 These things will happen. 2 That will be the messenger ringing. 3 It would be about ten o clock when he left home. 此意表对目前事物的预料。That will be the postman ringing.(would表示过去 /现在； will 表示现在 /将来) 表示功能，意为“能，行”。惯用形式： will do/would do表示“解决问题” 、 “就行”。1 That will be all right.
21、 2 Either pen will do. 3 It would not do to work too late. （工作太晚不行。 ）叙 述 真 理 ： The tree will leave without water for 3 months. 用于否定句中， 意为“不肯”、“不乐意”1 I won t listen to your nonsense. 2 No matter what I said, he wouldn t listen to me. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载特别提
22、示： would 与 used to辨析would 可用来表示过去反复出现的动作，但不能表示过去存在的状态，所以我们不能说： “she would be a quiet girl. ”另外， would 强调过去某种特定情况下的活动，是完全过去的事情，同现在没有联系。而used to 则着眼于过去和现在的对比，隐含现在已不存在，动作或状态都可表示。Would 可以表示不规则的习惯，used to则不可。如：He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble. I used to get up at six in the morning. Sometime
23、s she would take a walk in the neighboring woods. In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help. 六need和 dare 情态动词用法例句need 用于表示“需要，必要”之意。做情态动词时，仅用于否定句和疑问句，只有现在时，过去式要用neednt have，疑问式用need+人称 ?,否定式用need not(即neednt） ，1 Need we leave soon? Yes, you must.(No, you neednt) 2Yo
24、u neednt have hurried. (=It was not necessary for you to hurry ，but you did). 你当时不必这么匆忙。做实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同，后接带 to 的不定式（need doing = need to be done ） ,过去式用needed 、did you need? 和 didnt need, 肯定式用needs/needed/need,疑问式用do、does 、did 提问，否定式要在前面加dont 、doesnt 、didnt1. A job like nursing needs patience a
25、nd understanding.(need+ 名词， need understanding=need to be understood,需要被理解 ) 2He needs to see a doctor.(need to do) 3Do you still need volunteers to help clean up after the party?(need somebody to do something) 4They didnt need to start so early.(do not need to do) dare 用于表示“敢于”之意。做情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，主要
26、用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中1 Dare you tell her the truth? Yes, I dare. /No, I daren t. 3 How dare you accuse me of lying! 4 He daren t admit this. 用作实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同。在肯定句中，dare 后接带to的不定式；否定句中，dare 后既可接带to 的不定式，也可接不带to 的不定式。1 Only a few journalists dared to cover the story. 2 He doesn t dare (to) go there a
27、lone. 3 Don t you dare (to) touch it? 七ought的用法：情态动词用法例句补充说明Should 表示“应该”之意1 You ought to take care of him. 2 Ought I go now? （1）should 用于疑问句中表示说话人对某事不能理解，惋惜， 感到精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载ought to do Yes, you ought to. /No, you oughtn t to. 意外， 赞 叹，愤怒、 惊异等感情，意为“竟
28、会” ，有时也用于陈述句中 （2）Should 还可以用在if 引导的条件从句， 表示一件事听起来可能性很小， 但也不是完全没有可能， 相当于“万一”的意思。表示推测。 注意与 must 表示推测是的区别1 He must be home by now. (断定他已到家 ) 2 He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定 ) 3 This is where the oil must be. (比较直率 ) 4 This is where the oil ought to be. ( 比较含蓄 ) 说明：should与 ought to 表示“应该”时的区别should
29、 表示自己的主观看法，而ought to 的语气中，含有“按道理应该”之意。若要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定，一般用ought to。如：You should help them with their work. You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education. 八 “情态动词 +have done ” 用法情态动词 +have done 用法例句must have done 表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必， 准是，一定做了某事”1She must have gone through
30、a lot. 2He must have visited the White House during his stay in the United States. may/might have done 表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经（没有）“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中， 不用于疑问句。 用 might则表示语气更加不肯定。1You may have learnt the news. 2He may not have heard his name called. 3Sorry I m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock
31、 and gone back to sleep again. canhave done cannot have done 表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。（can 换成could 时语气委婉）1Where can she have gone? 2Could he have done such a foolish thing? 3The boy can t have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult. could have done 可用于肯定句中，表
32、示“可能已经”之意，此外，还可以表示过去能做而没做的事，有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜。1He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed. 2You could have been more considerate. 3You could have done better, but you were too careless. might have done 表示“本来可能，但实际上没有发生1You should not swim in that sea. You 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳
33、总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页精品资料欢迎下载的事情”。另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。might have been eaten by a shark. 2He might have given him more help, thought he was busy. should/ought to have done 用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。1He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of
34、 thing. 2You shouldn t have done it so carelessly. 3You ought to have returned the book earlier. 4You ought not to have refused his offer. needn t have done 表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意：didn t need to do 表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”1You needn t have watered the plants, for it is going to rain. 2I didn t need to buy the di
35、ctionary. I had a copy at home. had better have done 用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have done 表示相反的含义。1You had better have started earlier. 2You had better not have scolded her. would rather have done 表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定式would rather not have done 表示相反的含义，两者都表示“后悔”之意。1I would rather have taken his advice. 2I would rather not have told him the truth. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页