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1、It 作形式主语常见句型动词不定式，动名词或主语从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语动词前，而用it 作形式主语，放到句首，常见句型有：1. It + be + 形容词 +主语从句，如：It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny s birthday party or not. 2. It + be + 名词词组+ 主语从句，这类名词有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour，a question等，如：It s a pity that you missed the exciting football match. It
2、remains a question whether he will come or not. 3. It + be + 过去分词+ 主语从句，这类过去分词有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown 等，如：It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake. It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient. 4. It + 不及物动词 (seem, app
3、ear, happen等) + 主语从句 , 这类不及物动词有：appear, happen, seem等，如：It seemed that he didn t tell the truth. It happened that I was out when he called. 5. It + be + 形容词+ for sb. ）+ 动词不定式这类句型常用形容词easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise 等作表语，有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb，如：It s necessary for the young to
4、 master two foreign language. It is unwise to give the children whatever they want. 这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, important, possible ，wise 6. It + be + 形容词+ of sb. + 动词不定式，这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，如：kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如
5、：It s very kind of you to help me with the work. =You are kind to help me. It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others. =He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary with others. 7. It + be +名词词组+ 动词不定式，如：It is not a good habit to stay up too late. 8. It + be + 名词或形容词+ 动名词，这类名词
6、和形容词常常是：good, no good, no use, a waste of, useless, senseless等，如：It s a waste of time talking to her any more. It is no use arguing about the matter with him. 9. It + take ( sb. )+ 时间（金钱）+ 动词不定式，如：It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam. It will take a whole day to get to t
7、he top of the mountain on foot. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 实战演练：1. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. (NMET 1997) A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 2. In fact is a
8、 hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (2001 上海 ) A. this B. that C. there D. it 3. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995) A. There B. This C. That D. It 4. Is necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab? (MET88) A.
9、 everyone B. this C. her D. it 5. _ will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd. A. It B. I C. We D. They 6. It is no use his _ there, the situation is hopeless now. A. to go B. to be going C. going D. having gone 7. It is never too late to learn, _? A. is it B. isn t it C. does it D. doesn
10、 t it 8. _ is known to all that Shenzhou VI Launched Successfully. A. As B. What C. It D. That 9. _ is reported in the newspaper, the Earthquake in east Chinas Jiangxi Province killed 13 people A. It B. As C. That D. What 10. _ certain that his invention will make people s life convenient. A. That s
11、 B. This is C. It s D. What s 11. _ that there is another football match on the air this evening. A. It says B. It was said C. It is said D. What was said 12. _ that their daughter got an opportunity to study abroad. A. It s a exciting news B. This is an exciting news C. This is exiting news D. It s
12、 exciting news 参考答案：1 5 BDDDA 6 10CACAC 11 12CD it 作形式主语：it 作形式主语时没有具体的意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去，使句子显得平稳一些。 it 作形式主语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和主语从句。 it 代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中：It + be +形容词+ (for/of sb.) to do sth. It + be + 名词+ to do sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干花了某人 时间It s up to sb. to do sth. 干 是某人的职责或义务It
13、 is everyones duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人的义务。（ it 作形式主语 , 代替不定式短语to obey the law）It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese. 对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。（ it 作形式主语 , 代替不定式短语to learn Chinese）It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料
14、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。（it 作形式主语 , 代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish dumps ）It took them a year to build the bridge. 建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。（ it 作形式主语 , 代替不定式短语to build the bridge ） It be + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth. 与 It be + 形容词 +of sb. to do sth. ：如果句
15、型中的形容词描述的是sb.的品质、品格，在逻辑上可以作sb.的表语，则sb.前应用介词of，否则就用for 。It s necessary for us to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes. 我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的。It s kind of you to help me.感谢你对我的帮助。 （ = You are kind to help me. ）It was foolish of him to give up the job. 他放弃那工作是愚蠢的。（= He was foolish to give up
16、 the job it 代替动名词短语：动名词作主语用后置形式的情况远不及不定式那么普遍，常限于 no good, no use, useless, waste等词的后面。It is no good/ use having a car if you cant drive. 如果你不会开车，有车也没用。( it 作形式主语 ,代替动名词短语having a car) It is a waste of time watching TV. 看电视是浪费时间。 （ it 作形式主语 ,代替动名词短语watching TV ）It is no use asking him. 问他没有用。 （ it 作形
17、式主语 ,代替动名词短语asking him） it 代替主语从句：这个主语从句可以用连词that 引导，也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导。It was clear that they had no desire for peace. 很清楚他们没有和平的诚意。（ it 作形式主语 ,代替主语从句that they had no desire for peace）It is doubtful whether she will be able to come. 她能否来还很难说。 （ it 作形式主语 ,代替主语从句whether she will be able to come ）It was
18、clear enough what she meant. 她的意思是够清楚的。 （ it 作形式主语 ,代替主语从句what she meant）用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语从句移至后面的常见句型有： It is a pity/ a shame/ a fact/ an honour/ good news/ no wonder/ a wonder that It was a pity that the engineer couldnt come.可惜工程师没能够来。It is a wonder that he continues to gamble when he always loses
19、! 令人惊讶的是他一直输还一直赌。 It is + 形容词（如：strange/ natural/ surprising/ obvious/ true/ fortunate/ wonderful/ funny/ possible/ impossible/ likely/ unlikely/ clear/ unusual/ certain/ important） that It is certain that he will win. 他一定会取胜。 。 It seems/ happened/ turned out/ suddenly struck me/ occurred to methat
20、It happened that I wasnt there that day. 恰好那天我不在那里。 It + be + 过去分词（如：said/ reported/ announced/ decided/ expected/ hoped/ known/ believed）that 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - It is said that nothing has been done a
21、bout it. 据说至今对此没采取任何措施。It is reported that more than twenty people were killed in that bus accident. 据报道在那次的公共汽车事故中有二十多人丧生。* 注意要在 It is suggested/required/desired/ordered/proposedthat 的主语从句中用虚拟语气：(should) + 动词原形It is requested that he give a performance at the party. 有人请求他在聚会上表演一个节目。It is suggested
22、that we should get everything ready by tonight. 建议一切在今晚准备好。 It doesn t matter +连接代词或副词It doesn t make too much difference+连接代词或副词It doesn t matter whether he comes or not.他来还是不来都没关系。It won t make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow.你今天去也好，明天去也好，关系不大。 it 作形式宾语：it 作形式宾语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和
23、宾语从句。it 作形式宾语时，需具备两个条件：真正的宾语是不定式、动名词或从句 有宾语补足语具备了这两个条件，形式宾语it 一定要用。 it 代替不定式短语think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard+ it +形容词 /名词+ 不定式短语I find it pleasant to work with him. (it 作形式宾语，代替不定式短语to work with him) 我觉得和他一起工作很愉快。They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time. （ it 作形式宾语，代
24、替不定式短语to finish the work in such a short time ）他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work. （ it 作形式宾语， 代替不定式短语to go on with the work ）这些噪音使我无法继续工作。 it 代替动名词短语( 这只限于少数句型，在多数情况下用不定式时更多一些) The professor considers it no good reading without understanding. 这位
25、教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处。He found it useless( no use) arguing with him. 他发现和他辩论没有用。He thought it absolutely senseless attempting the impossible. 想做不可能的事情，他认为是完全没道理的。 it 代替宾语从句：We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled. 会议取消了我们都感到很遗憾。I took it for granted that they were not coming
26、.我想他们准是不会来的了。I ll see to it that everything is ready in time. 我负责使一切都按时准备好。 含 it 的常用句型英语中有一些固定句型中含有it,应注意这些句型的使用。 It be + 被强调部分+ that/ who + 其他成分名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - I met Peter in Japan last year. It wa
27、sI who/that met Peter in Japan last year. It was Peter whom/that I met in Japan last year. It was in Japan that I met Peter last year. It was last year that I met Peter in Japan. * not until 也可用于强调句型例Mr Brown didn t come back until eleven oclock.可变为： It was not until eleven oclock thatMr Brown came
28、back. * 强调句也可变为特殊疑问句例It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded. 可变为： When was it that the PRC was founded? It s + 地点状语 + that （强调句）It s +地点名词 + where (定语从句 ) It is the town where I was born. (the town 为地点名词，定语从句)这是我出生的镇子。 It was in the town that I was born. (in the town 为地点状语，强调句型)我出生在这个镇子。 It s + 时间名
29、词 + when(时间状语从句 ) It s + 时间状语+that ( 强调句 ) It was at 8 oclock that he returned.(at 8 oclock是时间状语， 强调句 )他是在八点钟回来的。It was 8 oclock when he returned.(8 oclock 是时间名词， 时间状语从句 )他回来的时候是八点钟。 if it is convenient to you 如果你方便的话If it is convenient to you, you can start tomorrow. 如果方便的话，你明天可以动身。 believe it or n
30、ot 信不信由你Believe it or not, Ill go abroad next month.不管你信还是不信，我下个月要出国。 It s time thatdid / should do (定语从句 ) It is time that I went and picked up my daughter from school.我该去学校接我女儿放学了。It s high time that we stopped/should stop this practice. 我们的确该停止这种做法了。 It is /has beensince did (时间状语从句 ) It is just
31、a week since we arrived here.我们来这里已一星期了。It won t be before 用不了（多长时间）就会It wasn t before 没过（多长时间）就It will be a long time before we finish the task.我们还需要很长时间才能完成这项任务。It wasn t long before he learned to use the computer.不久他就学会使用计算机了。 易混用其他句型英语中有一些句型不含it, 但却易被误用了it，常见的有以下句型： There is something/nothing wr
32、ong/ the matter with sb./ sth. There is nothing wrong /the matter wit h him. He s just pretending.他没什么事，他只是在装呢。 There is no doubt about对 毫不怀疑There is no doubt that对 毫不怀疑There is no doubt about his suitability for the job毫无疑问，他适合这个工作。名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - -
33、- - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - There is no doubt that he is hard to deal with. 毫无置疑他很难对付。 There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.没必要 There was no need for him to remain in Paris. 他没有必要继续留在巴黎。There is no/a possibility that 没可能 /有可能There is a possibility that the train may be late. 可
34、能火车要晚点。There is no possibility that well see him this weekend.我们本周末不可能见到他。 There is a chance that 可能 There is a chance that the sick child will get well. 这个生病的孩子可能会好起来的。 There be no/ some differences betweenand和 之间没 /有区别There are some differences between the two languages.这两种语言之间有些区别。 After what see
35、med + 时间After what seemed a very long time, the wounded soldier came back to life. 在经过似乎很长的一段时间之后，那个受伤的士兵苏醒了过来。 There be difficulty/ trouble (in) doing sth.干 有困难There was no difficulty in finding him.找到他没费什么事。三. 形式主语、形式宾语专项练习1. Its easier _ than _. A. say, do B. to say, to do C. says, does D. saying
36、, doing 2. It takes me 30 minutes _ to school by bike every day. A. going B. to go C. goes D. go 3. It s not easy _ us _ a foreign language. A. for; learning B. of; learning C. of; to learn D. for; to learn 4. Children find_ interesting to play computer games. A. that B. which C. it D. its5. Do you
37、think it important _ computer well? A. play B. plays C. to play D. playing 6. Is _ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he 7. I don t think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C. its D. it 8. Does _ matter if he
38、can t finish the job on time?A. this B. that C. he D. it 9. Tom s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _ didn t help.A. he B. which C. she D. it 10. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 11. I hate _ when people tal
39、k with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them 12. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one 13. _ happened _ he is unfit for the office. A. This; that B. That; that C. It; that D. He; that 14. We took _ for granted that they would accept our
40、 advice. A. that B. this C. it D. them 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 15. _ that the scientist will give us a talk next month? A. Is true B. Is it true C. It s true D. It s truly16. _ doesn t matter much _ dress y
41、ou are going to wear.A. This; that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who 17. _ is going to America for further study. A. He is said that B. People said that he C. It was said he D. It is said that he 18. They are good friends. _ is no wonder that they know each other so well. A. This B. That C. There
42、 D. It 19. Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A. this B. there C. that D. it 20. She liked _ when he kissed her. A. him B. that C. one D. it 21. _ will do you good to do some exercise every morning. A. It B. There C. Those D. One 22. We think _ our duty to pay taxes to our government.
43、A. that B. this C. its D. it 23. I d appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.A. that B. it C. this D. you 24 . -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bicycle.A. As she lostB. Lost C. LosingD. Because of losing25. Our monitor suggested 25_a discussion of this sub
44、ject. A. to have B. should have C. have D. having 26. It s very kind _ you _ me.A. for, helping B. of ,help C. for, to help D. of, to help 27 What do you think of the book ？-Oh, excellent Its worth _a second time. A. to readB. to be read C. reading D. being read 28. It s no use forward to from her s
45、oon. A. to look; to hearB. looking; hearingC. looking; hear D. look; hear29. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car.A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired30. _ clean is a safeguard against disease.A. To be keeping B. KeptC. KeepD. Keeping 参考答案15 BBDCC 610 CDDDD 11 15 ACCCB 16
46、 20 CDDDD 2125 ADBCD 26 30 DCBAD It ” 作形式主语和宾语 It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是中学阶段英语学习的主要语法项目之一。纵观历届高考题，无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。一、It 用作形式主语名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 当不定式（短语）
47、、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie. (说谎是错误的。) It为to tell a lie 的形式主语 It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。) It为arguing about it 的形式主语 It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定。) It为who will come 的形式主语 It 作形式主语的常见句型：
48、 It + be + 形容词+ to do sth. / doing / that . e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。) It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。 ) It was really surprising that she married a man like that. (她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。) It + be +名词词组+ doing / that . e.g. It is no good telling lies
49、. (撒谎没好处。 ) It is a pity that you didn t go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。) It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party. (没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。) It + be + 过去分词+ that . 该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc. e.g. It is
50、 said that they have invented a new type of computer. (据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。) It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world. (大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。) It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami. (据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。) It + seems / appears