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1、春播区无公害菜用型豇豆栽培技术摘要：豇豆是山西省主要小杂粮作物之一，其中春播区长荚菜用型豇豆面积占山西省豇豆总面积的80%以上，随着国家、政府对食品安全的重视和国民食品安全意识的提高，以及食品优质优价政策的实施，该地区迫切要求科研单位提供无公害长荚菜用型豇豆栽培技术。Abstract: cowpea is one of the main minor crops in Shanxi Province, where the spring area used for vegetable cowpea pod area of Shanxi province accounts for more than
2、 80% of the total area of cowpea, along with the national government, with an emphasis on food security and national food safety awareness, and the implementation of food quality and price policy, the urgent requirement of scientific research units provide no cowpea cultivation techniques for pollut
3、ion long pod. 关键词：无公害；菜用型豇豆；栽培技术Keywords: pollution-free 。 cowpea with vegetable 。 cultivation techniques 1 无公害长荚菜用型豇豆栽培技术1 no cowpea cultivation techniques for pollution long pod 1.1 种子1.1 seeds 1.1.1品种选择1.1.1 selection 选用高产优质抗病虫抗逆性强、适应性广、商品性好的豇豆品种。Selection of high yield and high quality of diseas
4、e and insect resistance, wide adaptability, good commodity cowpea varieties. 1.1.2种子质量1.1.2 seed quality 条例 GB8079 中的二级以上要求。Regulation GB8079 of more than two requirements. 1.1.3种子特殊要求The special requirements of 1.1.3 seed 拒绝使用转基因豇豆种子。Reject the use of transgenic cowpea seeds. 1.1.4种子处理1.1.4 seed tr
5、eatment 根据实际情况选择种子处理方法：1）干燥处理将筛选好的种子晾晒12 d，严禁暴晒。 2）温汤浸种棚室播前用55水烫种，不断搅拌至30 ，浸种2 h，捞出后播种。露地栽培以下不浸种为好，以防烂种。3）药剂处理用种子重量0.5%的 50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂拌种防治枯萎病和炭疽病，或用硫酸链霉素500倍液浸种46h 防治细菌性疫病。According to the actual situation to choose seed processing method: 1 ) drying treatment will be screening good seed drying for 1
6、2 D, is strictly prohibited exposure. 2 ) soaking seed before sowing in greenhouse with 55 water, stirring constantly until 30 , soaking for 2 h after sowing, remove. Cultivation is not soaking for good, to prevent rot. 3 ) treated with seed weight of 0.5% 50% carbendazim WP to control Fusarium Wilt
7、 and anthracnose, or streptomycin sulfate for 500 times liquid soaking 4 6h control of bacterial blight. 1.2 育苗精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 4 页1.2 seedling 1.2.1育苗床配制1.2.1 seedling bed preparation 用 3 年未种过棉花和豆科作物的园土与腐熟有机肥混合，有机肥用量不低于30%。For 3 years without a cotton and legume
8、garden soil and decomposed organic fertilizer mixed, organic fertilizer amount not less than 30%. 1.2.2育苗床消毒1.2.2 seedling bed disinfection 用 50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂500倍液，或 10%双效灵水剂250 倍液均匀浇灌苗床。50% carbendazim WP 500 times liquid, or 10% double aqueous solution 250 times liquid evenly watered seedbed. 1.2.3育苗方式
9、1.2.3 system 采取护根育苗。Take the seedlings. 1.2.4苗期管理1.2.4 seedling management 适时放风炼苗，控制幼苗徒长，发现病苗，及时拔除。Timely discharge hardening, control seedlings leggy, found that seedling disease, timely removal. 1.3 定植1.3 colonization 1.3.1施肥1.3.1 fertilization 每 667 m2 施用腐熟有机肥40005000 kg，配合施用硫酸铵5 10 kg（或尿素35 kg）、
10、过磷酸钙3050 kg、硫酸钾10 15 kg。Each of the 667 M2 applying decomposed organic fertilizer and 4000 5000 kg, with the application of ammonium sulfate 5 10 kg ( or urea 3 5 kg ), 30 50 kg of superphosphate, potassium sulfate 10 15 kg. 1.3.2整地1.3.2 preparation 前茬作物收获后清洁田园,整地做到深翻20cm,土地平整 ,土壤细碎 ,土壤与有机肥充分混合。Harv
11、est the crop before and after cleaning the fields, deep plowing tillage do 20cm, flat land, soil crushing, soil and organic fertilizer mix. 1.3.3棚室消毒1.3.3 in the disinfection 用福尔马林50100 倍液 11.5 kg/m2 进行土壤消毒,密闭一昼夜 ,放风 7 10 d 后定植 ,或用 50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂500 倍液 ,对棚室土壤、屋顶及四周表面进行喷雾消毒。Using Faure Marins 50 100 tim
12、es liquid of 1 1.5 kg/m2 soil disinfection, closed one day and night, around 7 10 d after planting, or with 50% carbendazim WP 500 times liquid, on greenhouse soil, roof and around the surface spray disinfection. 1.3.4定植期防虫措施1.3.4 colonization period of pest control measures 露地铺设银灰膜避蚜，每667 cm2 铺设银灰膜
13、510 kg，保护地可在棚室内四周挂银灰膜精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 4 页条，条宽15 cm。In the laying of silver gray film repelling aphids, each of the 667 cm2 the laying of silver gray film 5 10 kg, protected in greenhouse canopy of silver gray film strip, strip width 15 cm. 1.4 定植后管理1.4 management
14、after planting 1.4.1追肥1.4.1 fertilizer 坐荚后结合浇水开沟，每667 m2 追施尿素510 kg、硫酸钾58 kg，结荚中后期按上述方法追施同样化肥12 次。After sitting pods with watering furrow, each of the 667 M2 Topdressing Urea 5 10 kg, potassium sulfate 5 8 kg, pod stage according to the method of topdressing fertilizer 1 2 times of the same. 1.4.2浇水
15、1.4.2 watering 禁止大水漫灌和阴天傍晚浇水，提倡膜下灌溉和滴灌，掌握豇豆浇荚不浇花的原则进行管理。Prohibition of flood irrigation and the cloudy evening watering, irrigation and drip irrigation under film advocate, cowpea pod not watering pouring master the principles of management. 1.4.3田间管理1.4.3 field management 及时插架引蔓，中耕除草，摘除枯黄病叶，加强通风。Th
16、e timely insertion frame lead vines, weeding, remove yellow leaf, strengthening ventilation. 1.4.4病虫害防治1.4.4 pest control 1)农业措施及时拔除病株、病叶和病荚，并将其带出田间处理。2)黄板诱杀害虫棚室内设置规格为100200 cm 涂上黄色油漆的板粘满蚜虫、白粉等害虫时，再涂上一层机油，一般710 d 重涂 1 次。 3)枯萎病零星发病时，用50%粉锈宁可湿性粉剂1500 倍液、 25%敌力脱乳油3000 倍液，或用70%代森猛锌可湿性粉剂1000 倍液加15%粉锈宁可湿性
17、粉剂2000 倍液喷雾， 10d 1 次，连喷2 次。1 ) agricultural measures timely removal of diseased plants, leaf and pod, which bring out the field processing. 2 ) Adult trapping insects shed indoor set specifications for 100200 cm painted yellow paint board covered with aphids, pigment and other pests, and then coated
18、 with a layer of oil, generally 7 to 10 d with 1 times. 3 ) wilt sporadic disease, with 50% Triadimefon WP 1500 times liquid, 25% propiconazole EC 3000 times liquid, or 70% zineb fierce zinc wettable powder 1000 times liquid plus 15% Triadimefon WP 2000 times liquid spray, 10d 1 times, even 2 times.
19、 1.5 收获及后续管理1.5 harvest and subsequent management 1.5.1采收1.5.1 recovery 采收过程中所用工具要清洁、卫生、无污染。Tool for the recovery process to clean, sanitation, no pollution. 1.5.2分装、运输、贮存1.5.2 packaging, transport, storage 将采收后的豇豆按级分装，运输防污染，贮存防腐烂。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 4 页The harvested cowpea according to level packaging, transport pollution prevention, storage rot. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 4 页