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1、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思新目标九年级英语上册第一单元的重要知识点和考点1aloud adv出声地 (使别人能听得到) Reading aloud is a good way in leaning English朗读是学英语的一个好方法。loud adj. 大声的，声音洪亮的，loud louder loudest He talked in a loud voice so that everyone could hear him他说话声音很大以便于每个人都能听得到他。adv. loud louder loudest Dont talk so loudThe kids are rea
2、ding说话小声些，孩子们正在看书。(Speak)louder ，please! 请再说高一些 ! loudly adv 吵吵闹闹地，噪声地I heard someone knocked loudly at the door我听到有人在使劲敲门。They are talking loudly in the next room精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思他们在隔壁说话声很大。2voice n噪音，鸟鸣声She has a sweet voice她声音很甜美。She rais
3、ed her voice so that she could be heard她提高了嗓音队便于别人能听清楚。He lost his voice He had no voice because of the cough 因为咳嗽，他失声了。noise n 噪音，吵闹Dont make so much noise 别弄出那么大的噪音。I heard a strange noise outside我听到外边奇怪的声音。sound n(自然界中的 )声音，响声Sound travels slower than light声音的传播比光慢。3memory n(计算机的 )储存器精选学习资料 - - -
4、 - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思A lot of information is stored in the memory计算机的储存器能储存很多信息。n 记忆力He has a poor memory after the car accident车祸后他的记忆力很差了。n. 回忆，怀念I have a pleasant memory of my childhood我对童年有美好的回忆。memorize memorise vt. 记住，背过He can memorize new words very
5、quickly他能很快记住很多单词。4. frustrate vt使失望，使沮丧The serious illness frustrated his dream for college他上大学的梦想遭受挫折。frustrating adj. 令人失望的What he said is frustrating. 他所说的话很令人失望。She finds it frustrating to watch English movies精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思她觉得看英语电影很令
6、人失望(因为看不懂 )。frustrated adj. 失望的，沮丧的He was frustrated when he failed again in the test当他再次考试没及格后，他很失望。5add vt. 增加，加She tasted the soup and added more salt她尝了尝汤，又加了些盐。add to 增添His coming added to our trouble他的到来给我们添了很多麻烦。add up to 总计达 ，加起来 The number of the students in our class adds up to 55我们班上学生的数目
7、加起来是55 人。vt. 补充说，又说He said goodbye to us and added that he would visit us again 他和我们说了再见，又说他会再来看我们的。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思6. excite vt使兴奋The news that our team had won excited everybody我们队赢了的消息令所有的人很激动。exciting adj令人兴奋的The soccer game is exciting
8、那场足球赛很令人激动。excited adv. 兴奋的，激动的We were very excited at the news当听到那个消息，我们很激动。7speak(speak spoke spoken) 说(语言 )，讲话Can you speak French? 你会说法语吗 ? Do you know who will speak at the meeting? 你知道谁要在会上发言? talk to with sb 与某人谈话， talk about of sth sb 谈论某人或某事He was talking towith his friend whom I called him
9、当我给他打电话时，他正在和他的朋友谈话。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思What are you talking about? 你们在说什么 ? say 说(后接说的内容 ) What did he say at the meeting? 他在会上说了什么? She said she would be back the next week她说下周回来。tell 告诉tell sb sth 告诉某人某事 (接双宾语 ) Who told you the news? 是谁告诉你的
10、那个消息? 讲，说tell stories讲故事， tell a lie 撒谎， tell the truth说实话Grandma used to tell stories to me when 1 was young 我小的时候，奶奶经常给我讲故事。Dont believe him! He is telling a tie别信他 !他在撒谎。To tell you the truth，I don t quite agree with you精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思老
11、实说，我不太同意你的意见。8complete vt使完全，使完整，(圆满完成 ) Shes trying to complete collection of the CDs他试图收齐那套CD 。adj. 巧完整的，完全的Can you make complete sentences? 你会造完整的句子吗? He is a complete stranger to me他对我来说完全是陌生的。9secret n秘密It s a secret between you and me ，so don t tell it to others 那时我们之间的秘密，所以不要告诉别人。adj. 秘密的Let
12、s keep it secret from others 咱们不让别人知道此事。Let the cat out of the bag= Let out the secret泄露秘密。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思10impress vt使感动，给 深刻印象What he did impressed everybody present他的事迹给在场的人留下了深刻的印象。The beautiful sights of the country impressed all of u
13、s那个国家的美景打动了我们所有的人。、impressed adj. ( 被)感动的We were impressed by what he did我们被他的话所感动。11. native n. 当地人，本国人When we were on vacation in Brazil，we lived like the natives 我们在巴西度假时，就像当地人那样生活。The kangaroo is a native of Australia袋鼠是产于澳洲的动物。native speaker 生来就说某种语言的人He speaks English so well that we all think
14、 he is a native speaker他的英语说得太好了，我们都认为他是个本地人。native language 母语精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Marx was born in Germany，and German was his native language马克思出生在德国，法语是他的母语。Important phrases(重点词组 ) 人民教育出版社教学资源分社11isten to cassettes 听磁带2first of all 首先3workst
15、udy with a group 和小组一起学习4watch English language TV 看英语电视5spoken English 英语口语6writing practice 写作训练7join an English club 加入英语俱乐部81ater on 以后；随后9look up words(in a dictionary) 查同典10native speakers 生来就说某种语言的人11not at aIl 根本不；一点也不12end up 结束13. ask the teacher for help 求助于老师精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳
16、总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思14make up 组成；编造15enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事16take notes 做笔记17make mistakes 犯错误1 8make flashcards 制作认读卡片19read aloud 朗读20. have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难Important sentences(重点句子 ) 人民教育出版社教学资源分社1. How do you study for a test? 你怎样准备考试? study for a test prep
17、are for a test 准备考试 What were you doing when I called last night? 一 I was studying for the math test一 昨天晚上我打电话时你在干什么? 一 我在准备数学测验。2. I study for an English test by listening to cassettes. 我听录音准备英语测验。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思by 靠，用 (方法，手段等 )，后接动名词 (d
18、oing )He makes a living by repairing bikes他靠修车为生。listen vi后加 to 再接名词。My sister was listening to music when I got home当我到家时，姐姐正在听音乐。Listen! Someone is knocking at the door听!有人在敲门。3He studies by asking the teacher for help他靠求助于老师来学习。ask sb for help求助于某人You can ask me for help if you have troubleThank
19、you 1 will 如果你有麻烦，你可以求助于我。一 谢谢。我会的。4Do you ever practice conversations with friends? 你曾经和朋友练习过会话吗? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思ever adv. 用于疑问句和否定旬中，“ 曾经 ”Do you ever worry that you11 fail a test?你担心考试会不及格吗? practice vt(Am.E) practice (Br.E) 练习在美国英语中pr
20、actice 既可作名词又作动词；但在英国英语中 practice 为名词； practise 为动词。5. What about listening to cassettes? 听录音怎么样 ? what about + n. pron doing? how about + npron doing 。例如：What How about going to the movies tonight? 今晚去看电影怎么样? 6. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation? 靠朗读来练习发音怎么样? read aloud 朗读Reading a
21、loud is very helpful in leaning English朗读在学英语中很有帮助。7I ve learned a lot that way 我那样学到了很多。a lot 代表一个不可数名词。例如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Though he is young，he knows a lot他虽然很小，但他知道很多。that way 相当于一个副词， way 用于 which ，this，that之后，构成短语，“ 那样 ” 。如：Dont talk
22、to your parents that way别那样和父母说话。8It improves my speaking skills它能提高我的口语技巧。Improve vt. 改进，改善，提高His work is improving slowly他的工作在慢慢改进。Her pronunciation has greatly improved他的发音大大提高了。speaking skill 口语技巧listening skill 听力技巧writing skill 写作技巧reading skill 阅读技巧9. Its too hard to understand to voices听懂不同的
23、声音很困难。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思too + adj. adv. + to do “ 太 而不能 ” 。又如：He is too young to go to school他太小，不能上学。She runs too slow to catch up with me她跑得太慢追不上我。10This week we asked students at New Star High School about the best ways to learn more Engl
24、ish本周我们问新星中学学生关于多学点英语的最好方法。ask sb about sth 询问某人关于 的情况Ask her about the pen that you lostShe may have found it 问问她你丢的钢笔，也许她捡到了。the best ways to do sth = the best ways of doing sth 做 的好办法Who can tell me the best way of memorizingto memorize new words? 谁能告诉我记单词的最好办法是什么? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结
25、 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思11. She said that memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little 她说记流行歌曲的歌词也有点帮助。that 引导的是宾语从句，在宾语从句中memorizing the words of pop songs为动名词短语作主语。例如：Teaching English is my job教英语是我的工作。Doing morning exercises is good for your health做早操对你的身体有好处。a lit
26、tle 有点，代表不可数名词，其反义词为a lot。一 Would you like some sugar in your coffee? 你的咖啡里想加糖吗? 一 Yesjust a little 好，要一点点。12Hes been learning English for six years and really loves it 他学英语有六年了，并且很喜欢它。“ has have been doing sth”现在完成进行时， 表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在，还要进行下去的动作。又如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15
27、页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思She has been learning English for 5 years她学英语有五年了。He has been reading for 2 hours and hasn t finished it yet他看书有两个小时了，但还没有完成。13. He finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak too quickly他发现看英语电影很令人失望，因为人们说话太快。动名词 watching movies在此句中作宾语，又如：I like playing bas
28、ketball我喜欢打篮球。frustrating 为现在分词充当形容词作用，在句中作宾语 watching movies的宾语补足语。find sb sth + n. adj. doing “ 发现某人 ” ，后面的 “n. adj.doing ” 作宾语补足语。又如：I find him a hard-working student我发现他是个勤奋的学生。I find physics difficult to learn我发现物理很难学。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思
29、When she got home，she found him lying in the bed，i11当她到家时，她发现他躺在床上病了。14She added that having conversations with friends wasnt helpful at a11她补充说和朋友练习会话一点帮助都没有。having conversations with friends为动名词短语作宾语从句中的主语，要特别注意，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，不要与friends 一致。例如：Taking care of the little kids is her job照看孩子们是她的
30、工作。not at all 一点也不，用来加强语气，又如：I don t agree with him at a11我一点也不同意他的意见。15. We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese我们会因为某件事变得很激动，最后用汉语来描述。end up 达到某种状态或采取某种行动，又如：At first he said nothing but he ended up apologizing精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 43 页读书之
31、法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思一开始，他什么也不说，到头来还是道了歉。161m doing a survey about learning EnglishCan l ask you some questions? 我正在就关于学习英语作调查。我能问你几个问题吗? do a survey about sthdoing sth 关于 作调查Last week ，we did a survey about surfing the Internet上周，我们就网上冲浪作了个调查。some 用于疑问句时，表示希望得到肯定回答，如果只是询问信息，可以用any 代替 some 用于疑问句和否定句中。又如：
32、Could you please lend me some money? 你能借给我些钱吗? (希望得到肯定回答) Did you buy her any gifts? 你给她买礼物了吗?(询问信息 ) 171 often keep an English notebook我经常记英语笔记。keep vt. 记录 (某事 )，在某物上做书面记载She kept a diary for over twenty years她写日记有20 多年了。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思I
33、 have the habit of keeping notes我有记笔记的习惯。18I can t pronounce some of the words有一些单词我不会发音。some many allmost none fewof the + 名词Most of the students love reading多数学生喜欢看书。191 make mistakes in grammar我在语法方面老犯错误。make a mistakemake mistakes 犯错误Dont be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English 当说英语时不
34、要怕犯错误。by mistake 错误地Do you know that potato chips were invented by mistake? 你知道炸薯片是被错误发明的吗? 20I don t know how to use commas我不知道怎样使用逗号。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思此句的宾语是由疑问词how 加不定式 to use commas构成的，这是个简单句，它可以改为一个复合句。例如：I don t know how I should use c
35、ommas I don t know what to do I don L know what I should do我不知道该做什么。Can you tell mc when to start? = Can you tell me when I should start? 你能告诉我何时出发吗? 21 Why dont you join an English language club to practice speaking English? 你为什么不加入一个英语俱乐郝来练习说英语昵? Why dont you do? = Why not do? 表示建议，意为 “ 为什么不 ?” ，又
36、如：Why dont you Why not go to school by bike when there s heavy traffic?当交通很拥堵时，你为什么不骑白行车上学呢? join 加入某组织成为其中的成员，take part in参加某种活动， attend 参加会议，报告，演讲等。例如：His father joined the Party in 1976他爸爸是 1976 年入的党。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 20 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思People often take pa
37、rt in sports after work工作之余人们经常参加体育活动。I attended an important meeting yesterday昨天我参加了一个会。22. l dont have a partner to practice English with 我没有同伴一起练习英语。此处的不定式to practice English with作定语，修饰a partner 。又如：The teacher has something to say老师有话要说。He has no room to live in他没有房子住。23First of all ，it wasnt ea
38、sy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class起初，对我来说听懂老师在班里讲话都不是件容易的事。first of a ll 最初，首先First of all she just smiled，then she started to laugh最初她只是笑，后来才放声大笑。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 21 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思It iswas + adj. + for sb to do (句式 )对某人来说做某事 例
39、如：It is difficult for me to learn physics well对我来说学好物理很难。It is important to learn English. 学英语很重要。24To begin with ，she spoke too quickly，and l could not understand every word. 一开始，她说得太快了，我不能听懂所有的话。to begin with = to start with 首先，一开始，第一To begin with he had no money，but later he became quite rich 他起初
40、没钱，可是后来相当富有了。not every + 可数名词单数= not all + 复数名词表示部分否定 “ 并非所有的 ” 又如：You don t have to remember every word你没必要记住所有的字。Not all the students live far away from school不是所有的学生都住得离学校远。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 22 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思25Later on ，I realized that it doesnt matter if
41、 you dont understand every word后来，我意识到如果有些词听不懂没关系。later on 后来，以后At first things went well，but later on they ran into trouble 起初事情进展地很顺利，但后来他们遇到了麻烦。realize vt. 意识到，认识到(有一个逐渐认识的过程)，不用于进行时和被动语态。例如：One day you ll realize that you are wrong 总有一天你会意识到你错了。that 引导的是 realize 的宾语从句， 在宾语从句中又出现了 if 引导的条件状语从旬。例如
42、：It doesnt matter ff you cant drive a car如果你不会开车没关系。26Also l was afraid to speak in class, because I thought my classmates might laugh at me。我还害怕在班里发言，因为我怕同学会嘲笑我。be afr aid of sth to do of doing sth 害怕不敢恐怕做某事精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 23 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思I used to be af
43、raid of the dark我过去常常怕黑。Shes afraid to goof going out alone at night她害怕夜晚独自出去。might 表示可能性He might know her telephone number，but Im not sure 他可能知道她的电话号码，但我不确定。laugh at sb 嘲笑It s bad manners to laugh at people in trouble嘲笑陷入困境的人不礼貌。27. 1 think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secret
44、s of becoming a good language learner我认为做大量的听力练习是成为一名好的语言学习者的秘诀之一。doing lots of listening practice 动名词短语作主语。one of the secrets of doing sth 做某事的秘诀之一，要注意 one of 与复数名词搭配。例如：He is one of the students who are good at soccer精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 24 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思他是喜欢
45、足球的学生中的一员。28Another thing that l found very difficult was English grammar 另一个我发现很困难的东西是英语语法。that 引导的是定语从句，修饰another thing ，that 在定语从句中作found 的宾语。又如：Is there anything that I can do for you? = Can I help you? = What can I do for you? 我能为你做点什么? (你买什么 ?) 29Then l started to write my own original sentenc
46、es using the grammar 1 was learning然后我用学过的语法造有独创性的句子。startbegin to do sth = startbegin doing sth 开始做某事original sentences 有独创性的句子，新颖的句子1 was leaning为定语从句，修饰grammar ，省略了先行词 that 。30. Its amazing how much this helped真是不可思议了，这样做很有帮助。Its amazing + 从句 to do sth “ 真是太惊奇了” 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -
47、 - - - - - -第 25 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思It s amazing to meet an old friend in a foreign country在国外遇到老朋友，真是太惊喜了。It 为形式主语，真正的主语是how much this helped 在例句中，真正的主语是不定式to meet an old friend in a foreign country 。31Now I am enjoying learning English and l got an A in this term 现在我很喜欢英语，并在这学期得了个“A”。注意：“A
48、”前边用不定冠词， 选用冠词时要看字母的发音，即元音音素开头的用“an”。例如：There is a “U” and an “R in the word “hour .在单词 “hour”里面，有一个 “U ”和一个 “R ”。32She had trouble in making complete sentences她造完整的句子有困难。have trouble i n doing sth 做某事有麻烦困难He had trouble in understanding native speakers他听外国人说话有困难。make sentences 造句Do you find it hard
49、 to make complete sentences? 你发现造完整的句子很困难吗? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 26 页，共 43 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思八年级上学期物理知识点汇编（声、光、透镜、物态变化、电流和电路）西充中学李树林第一章声现象一、声音的产生：1、声音是由物体的振动产生的；（人靠声带振动发声、蜜蜂靠翅膀下的小黑点振动发声，风声是空气振动发声，管制乐器考里面的空气柱振动发声，弦乐器靠弦振动发声，鼓靠鼓面振动发声，钟考钟振动发声，等等）；2、振动停止，发生停止；但声音并没立即消失（因为原来发出的
50、声音仍在继续传播）；3、发声体可以是固体、液体和气体；4、声音的振动可记录下来，并且可重新还原（唱片的制作、播放）；二、声音的传播1、声音的传播需要介质；固体、液体和气体都可以传播声音；声音在固体中传播时损耗最少（在固体中传的最远，铁轨传声），一般情况下，声音在固体中传得最快，气体中最慢（软木除外）；2、真空不能传声，月球上（太空中）的宇航员只能通过无线电话交谈；3、声音以波（声波）的形式传播；注：由声音物体一定振动，有振动不一定能听见声音；4、声速：物体在每秒内传播的距离叫声速，单位是m/s；声速的计算公式是v=；声音在空气中的速度为340m/s; 三、回声：声音在传播过程中，遇到障碍物被反