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1、Roots and Affixes为什么要学词根词缀? 1 词根词缀是中高级英语学习者提高词汇量的最有效的方式,引爆词汇量激增的“核动力”。2 词根词缀帮助我们更深刻理解单词。3词根词缀赋予我们猜测生词的能力。MBA英语大纲不仅要求5800常见词,还要求考生有“理解一些非常用词的词义”的能力。猜测生词主要方法有:1)上下文 2)词根词缀 比如:在比如:在0707年年0808年真题中分别出现过年真题中分别出现过 anticapitalistanticapitalist,precapitalist precapitalist 词根词缀基础知识:词根词缀基础知识: 英文单词的“偏旁部首”- 词根词缀
2、。 词缀中:放在词根前面的称前缀,放在词根后的称后缀。比如: international 词根决定单词的基本意思,词缀往往是补充意。比如表示方向,否定,加强等。比如表示方向,否定,加强等。 单词可以只有词根,但是不能只有词缀 。 看单词主要看前部,单词的意思主要由前缀和词根决定,后缀主要决定词性,少数后缀表示补充含义。十大明星前缀记忆-最常见的前缀内外内外: In/im : 在内,向内 - import e/ex : 在外,向外 - export 进退:进退: pro : 向前进 - progress re : 1.向后退, - reject 2. 再、重复 - rebuild 前后:前后:
3、pre : 在前面 predict post: 在后面 postwar, postgraduate分合:分合:de : 1.向下 - decline, decide 2.去掉,离开away - decode , deforest v. 采伐森林 dis : 1.分开,去掉 discard v. 出牌 2. 否定 dislike co : 共同,一起 together - colleague ,coworker, cooperation上下:上下: super : 在上面 - supervise , superman sub : 在下面 - subway , submarine 1current
4、: (1)现在的= present current affairs时事 自我介绍:Im Kevin. Currently,I am working as a Marketing director at IBM. (2) current 还表示:流动的,流行的current bills and coins流通的纸币和硬币current fashions 流行的时尚词根cur(r),curs,cours = run,happen表示“跑,发生” current adj.流动的,n.潮流(curr+ent 跑的流动的) currency n. 流传;流通的货币(跑来跑去的钱流通货币) curricu
5、lum n. 全部的课程(表)(curr+iculum 表名词学员跑来跑去的(依据) 课表)curriculum与与course的区别的区别 excursion n. 远足;游览 ex 出+cur +sion 跑出去 远足)e.g. let us go on an excursion in spring time 去春游 cursive:adj.(字)草写的 (curs+ive 象跑样写草写) 草书/行书:cursive writing 草体字:a cursive style of type precursor n 先驱;先兆(pre+curs+or 先跑者 先驱) 04-2阅读题 precu
6、rsor n. Icebox is the precursor of modern refrigerator. cur , curs = happen occur v. 发生,出现(oc 反复+cur 反复跑 反复发生) occurrence n. 出现,产生(occur+r+ence)concur 1.同时发生(con 共同+cur 共同跑 同时发生) His graduation concurred with his birthday. 2. 同时赞同 = agree I concur with you.recur v. 再发生,重现(re 再次+cur 再次跑来) Old memorie
7、s constantly recurred to him. 往事经常浮现在他的脑海里。Exercise Peoples expectations about the future may have more influence on their sense of well-being than their _ state does. A) current B) initial C) modern D) primitive2certification: 证明quality certification 质量证明(书)来自动词 certify certify v. 确认是真实、准确的比如一个人半夜喜
8、欢唱歌,然后 He was certified (as) insane. 他已由医生出具证书证明为精神错乱。比如:查帐时,帐目经查核证明无误。 The accounts were certified (as) correct.certificate n. 证书/执照 a birth certificate出生证 academic certificate学历证 a marriage certificate 结婚证graduation certificate毕业证course-completion certificate结业证degree certificate学位证vocational cert
9、ificate职业证书词根:词根:cern/cert=tomakesure弄清楚弄清楚 certain adj. 肯定的 certify v. 弄清事实真相 证明 certificate n. 能帮助我们澄清事实的东西 证书 concern v. 关注con 表示一起,要一起把事情弄清楚 表示关注 discern v. dis-区分, cern-弄清楚 把事情区分清楚 辨别 discern the direction/road in the dark 在黑暗中辨别方向 一个很有眼光的顾客:a discerning customer / investor3identity: 身份 ID card
10、 : = identity 后缀 -ation 往往来自动词的名词 identify v. identification 具有动词性的名词 身份的确认 identity 身份 The police have not yet identified the victim. 警方尚未确认遇难者的身份。 certify certification (具有动词性的名词) n. 的证明 certificate n. 证书 unifyunification (具有动词性的名词) 的统一 The peaceful unification of China. unity n. 统一体 European econ
11、omic unity.欧洲经济共同体 qualify v. (使)具有资格qualification 具有动词性的名词资格quality n. 质量 fulfill the qualifications for an MBA candidate 满足报考MBA的要求realize v. realization 的实现reality 现实 globalization / modernization / localization / urbanization 4evidence: 证据 【法律】 证词,证据:法庭上作为证据的文件或口头形式的陈述和实物e.g.There is no evidence
12、 that he has killed his boss. 美国怀疑伊拉克有WMD, 最后报告说. There is no evidence that Iraq has possessed Weapons of Mass Destruction. 辩论的时候: “I bet you have made a terrible mistake.” “Show me your evidence. ”evident adj. 显然的,明白的self-evident 不言自明的Truths are self-evident. 真理是不言自明的独立宣言独立宣言theDeclarationofIndepen
13、dence1776“Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowed(自然地赋予自然地赋予)bytheirCreatorwithcertaininalienable(不可剥夺不可剥夺)rights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness.”词根:vid , vis =see 表示“看” evident adj. 明显的(e 出+vid+ent 看出来了 明显的)词汇扩充:明显的词汇扩充:明显的obvious,appare
14、nt,distinctevidence n 证据,证人(e+vid+ence- 明显的证据)evidence, proof, testimony visit v. 拜访 vision n 视力,眼界 visible a 可见的 , invisible adj. 不可见 visual a 视力的 visual pollution 视觉污染 visualize v 使具体化 (visual 视力+ize 使大家看到 具体化) advise v 忠告,劝告 (ad 使+vis+e 使别人看到 劝告别人) revise v 修正,改订 (re 再+vis+e 再看一遍 修正) revision n 修
15、正,校订本 supervise v 监督 (super 在上面+vis+e 在上面看 监督) supervisor n. 监督者, 主管Exercise There is already _ clear to show that plants and animals are being affected by climate change. A) witness B) certification C) identity D) evidence5motivation : 动机,激励 词根:mot = move motivate v. 激励 A good manager should motiva
16、te his people to achieve the set target. motivation : 动机 The stronger the motivation, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.一个人学外语的内在要求越高, 那么他就学得越快。motive n. 动机(更强调目的) motion n. 运动 谋杀动机 What is his motive for murder ?The ball is in motion. 小球处于运动状态。promote v. pro (向前运动) 推动,促进,升迁 pr
17、omotion选记demote (向下运动) 使降级 He was demoted from the emperor to a civilian. 末代皇帝溥仪末代皇帝溥仪remote adj. re 向后 运动离你越来越远 遥远 emotion n. e 向外 运动 由内向外流出的情感情感,感情是一种由内而外的流露commotion n. 表示喧闹,骚动, 暴乱 com 共同 一群人一起运动 骚动6preferences prefer : prefer to do sthprefer to do rather than doprefer A to B词根fer=takeprefer=pre(
18、之前)+ fer(take)“宁愿,更喜欢”,例:I prefer dogs to cats.相对猫而言,我更喜欢狗。(即狗排在猫的前面) preference“喜好”例:I have a preference for documentary . 我对纪录片有偏好。例:I dont know your preference, so please help yourself. 我不知道你喜欢什么,请你自便。 preferable“更可取的” 其本身就是有比较意义的形容词,因此没有比其本身就是有比较意义的形容词,因此没有比较级较级例:A dark suit is preferable to a l
19、ight one for evening wear.对于晚装,深色西服比浅色西服更可取。例:Coffee is preferable to tea, I think. 我认为咖啡比茶更好。confer V.=con(together)+fer(take)(一起拿起来讨论)“商讨,商谈”例:The president conferred with his consultants before announcing the decision.总统在宣布决定之前会与顾问商讨。其名词为conference“会议” forum 例:世界财富论坛 Fortune Global Forum differ d
20、if 表示分开1.(from)“与不同”,例:I differ from you in character.我与你在性格方面非常不同。2.(with)“与意见不同”,例:I differ with you on the subject.对于这件事我与你的意见不同。difference“不同”,different“不同的”refer动词“参考,查阅”re表示again refer表示不断地拿,不断地看 如refer to a dictionary 查字典 其名词为reference“参考”如reference books参考书 referee“裁判”(ee 表示动作的承受者,refer 的对象,
21、遇到争议要去征求裁判的意见) employ动词“雇佣”,employee名词“雇员”infer推断=in + fer(take)从里面拿出来的观点例:I inferred from his words that he wanted us to leave.从他的话当中我们推断出他是想让我们离开。transfer=trans(across)+ fer(take)动词“调动”如transfer to another team调到另一个队伍前缀:前缀:transtransporttransformtransformer变形金刚 transplant Exercise The findings pai
22、nt a unique picture of the shopping habits of customers, plus their motivation and _. A) privileges B) possibilities C) possessions D) preferences7illegal 非法的 前缀: il,ir通常放在l, r 开头的形容词通常表示否定前缀 irrational 不合理的(ir+rational 合理的) e.g. irrational arguments / behavior 不合理的论据 / 荒谬的言行 irregular 不规则的(ir+regul
23、ar 规则的) irresistible 不可抗拒的(ir+resistible可抗拒的)e.g. irresistible beauty irresistible impulse 不可遏抑的冲动 e.g. I had an irresistible impulse to cry . = I couldnt help doing sth irreplaceable 不可替代的 e.g.A irreplaceable person in the companyCEO. 词汇延伸:peon / small potato big potato / big shot / big bug/ biggie
24、 irrelevant adj.His remarks are irrelevant to our topic.illegal 非法的(il+legal 合法的)illegal drugs / illegal deals 非法毒品/交易illiterate 不识字的(il+literate 认字的)literature 文学illogical 不合逻辑的(il+logical 逻辑的) Exercise In the U.S. 88 percent of smokers had started before they were 18, despite the fact that it is _
25、 to sell cigarettes to anyone under that age. A) liable B) liberal C) irrational D) illegal8memorable adj. 值得记忆的词根:memo- 表示记忆 memorable adj 值得记忆的难忘的 = unforgettable memory n. memo 备忘录 memorial n. 纪念馆 remember v. commemorate v. 纪念 This monument commemorates our victory. 这座碑是纪念我们胜利的。Exercise 1 Accordi
26、ng to the key witnesses, a peculiarly big nose is the criminals most memorable facial _. A) feature B) hint C) spot D) signatureExercise 2 F. W. Woolworth was the first businessman to erect a true skyscraper to _ himself, and in 1929, A1 Smith, a former governor of New York, sought to outreach him.
27、A) portray B) proclaim C) exaggerate D) commemorate9. interrupt : 前缀:inter 在中间 inter 在之间,相互 interaction n. 相互作用 / 互动 chemical interaction 化学相互作用international interpersonal interpersonal relationships人与人之间的关系interrelate v. 相互关联intervene v. vene-走 走在两者之间 干涉interchange v. 相互交换 interchange gifts 互赠礼物int
28、erchangeable adj. taxi and cab are interchangeable 词根:rupt = break interrupt=inter + rupt两个相互联系的事件被断开1.“打扰”- 强调中断别人例:Dont interrupt me while Im busy.在我忙的时候千万不要打扰我。bother跟brother兄弟很像例:Sorry to bother you.很抱歉打扰你了。 Excuse me.是打扰别人之前说 Sorry to bother you.是打扰人之后说 表示“打扰,干扰”的单词是disturb,它还有一个含义是“使不安”,如:a pi
29、ece of disturbing news.一条使人不安消息。2.“暂时中断”例:Trade between the two countries was interrupted by the World War Two.由于二战,两国的贸易中断了。下面看看下面看看A/B/C/D/E打头的打头的rupt同根词:同根词:abrupt,词根,词根rupt=break 什么叫break? abrupt death / change / departure突然死亡 / 改变 / 离开 abrupt manner鲁莽的言行bankrupt1.“破产的” bank表古代商人的钱袋例:The company
30、 went bankrupt during the economic crisis.这家公司在经济危机时破产了。2.“使破产”例:The investment in the securities bankrupted him.在证券业的投资,使他彻底破产了。vest背心invest把背心都投进去,“投资”securities1.“证券”,secure形容词表“安全的”,动词表“经过艰苦努力而得到”例:They have managed to secure the loan from the bank.他们终于从银行里得到了贷款。2.保障,保证,抵押品如:social security 社会保障
31、 corrupt=cor + rupt1.“贪污的,腐败的” 一个人贪,贪不起来,永远都是官官相护,一定是大家一起来贪污腐败,所以是cor+rupt,一起贪污之后便自身毁灭。 如:corrupt officials贪污腐败的官员2.“使贪污,腐败,败坏”例:The pornography spread by the Internet has corrupted the minds of the young people. 由网络传播的色情腐蚀着年轻人的思想。构词法:词根con 当后面的词根首字母为辅音字母时,n变成此辅音字母如:collaborate=col + labor + ate大家一起
32、劳动 “合作”cooperation=co + operation一起操作便是“合作”disrupt=dis(away)+ rupt使分裂, 使瓦解, 使陷于混乱, 破坏 它不止有中断打扰的意思,还有被破坏且在短期内它不止有中断打扰的意思,还有被破坏且在短期内不能恢复的含义。不能恢复的含义。比如: 2008 年的我国南方的雪灾使得铁路和航空运输一度中断 例:The snowstorm has disrupted the railway and airline services in southern region of China . disrupt名词为disruption 例:The sn
33、owstorm has caused the disruption of transportation system. erupt=e(out)+ rupt1.“火山喷发”2.“(战争危机)突然爆发”例:Violence erupted after the negotiation.谈判后爆发了暴力冲突。rupture1.“破裂”如:the rupture of the blood vessel血管破裂2.有比喻意如:the rupture of the friendly relations between the two countries两国友好关系的破裂10. Object v. 反对 j
34、ect词根: ject = throw object v. ob (反)+ ject(扔)=反着扔反对 Objection ! Objection overruled ! Objection sustained ! subject(sub- 在之下,ject 投;“投于某种管辖之下”-)使服从,使隶属,支配,统治; be subjected/subject to 受制于,受支配subject也可作形容词 例如: Everyone is subjected to the laws. In ancient times, human beings were subject to nature.rej
35、ect v.向后抛回去 拒绝 project v. 向前抛投射 projector n. 幻灯机,放映机 inject v. 注射 injector n.注射器 eject v.向外喷射 the fire ejected flamesExercise Brazils constitution _ the military use of nuclear energy. A) withdraws B) forbids C) interrupts D) objects11. distinguish v. 区分 distinguish A from B 词根sting stinct stin 表示“刺
36、”、“刺激” distinct adj. dis- = 分开/away 把刺区分开 不同的 distinguish v. 区别开 distinguished adj. 著名的,卓越的 (区别于一般人的) sting v./n. 刺 “死叮” I got stung by a bee. stingy adj. 小气的 (像刺一样小的心胸)stimulate v. 刺激,鼓励 extinguish v. 灭火 把刺激(火)拿出去 extinguisher 灭火器 extinct v. 来自 extinguish 生命之火熄灭了 灭绝了 instinct n. 内在的刺激 本能Exercise Ma
37、ny personnel managers say it is getting harder and harder to _ honest applicants from the growing number of dishonest ones. A) distinguish B) disguise C) dissolve D) discount12. dissolve dis- 分开, solve 解决分散开来解决1. 使溶解:to cause to pass into solutiondissolve salt/sugar in water. 使盐/糖溶解于水中 就得到了solution
38、溶液Salt dissolves in water.盐溶于水。血溶于水。2. 解散 dissolve parliament and call for new elections 解散议会,要求重新选举。 solve动词“解决,解答” 如solve a riddle解答一个谜语soluble“可溶的”例:Sugar is soluble in water. solution名词1.“解答,解决办法”We gotta find a solution to the problem. 2.“溶解,溶液”resolve 反复地解决问题,表示一种坚定的“决心,决定” = firmly decide to
39、do 比如: In order to gain fortune, she resolves to marry the Ugly Fat Old guy . (PS:UFO是个又丑又肥的老男人)resolution名词1.“坚决,决心”New Years Resolution make a resolution to get up early in the morning 例:His encouragement and support strengthened our resolution. 他的鼓励和支持加强了我们的决心。2.“决定,决议”例:All those in favor of the
40、 resolution should raise their hands.所有那些支持这个决议的人举手。13. potential potential customer potential employerpotential marketYou have great potential . I will help you achieve your full potential .词根:poten=powerful,表示“有力的” potent arguments有说服力的证据 potent drug 很有效的药 potential n. 潜力(由“能力”引申为“潜力”)impotent adj. 无力的,无能力的im 无+potent omnipotent adj. omni 全部+potent全能的, 无所不能的全能的如:the Omnipotent God 万能的上帝 钱不是万能的,没钱是万万不能。 Money is not omnipotent, but without money you are impotent.