《M6U3虚拟语气.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《M6U3虚拟语气.ppt（74页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Unit 3 Understanding each otherGrammar and usageTranslate the following sentences into English!Revision & Lead-in If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about.要是你在要是你在10分钟前进入分钟前进入聊天室的话聊天室的话,你就知道你就知道我们在谈些什么了我们在谈些什么了.If I got married in the UK, I wou
2、ld expect a present.如果我在英国结婚如果我在英国结婚,我我会得到客人的礼物会得到客人的礼物.Should you come to Brunei, you would have to take off your shoes before going into someones house.如果你来到了文莱如果你来到了文莱,你进你进别人家门之前得脱鞋别人家门之前得脱鞋.在英语中随着说话人意图的不同，在英语中随着说话人意图的不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。英语语气有三种：英语语气有三种：语气语气(mood)是一种动词形式，是一种动词形式，用以表示
3、说话者的意图或态度。用以表示说话者的意图或态度。是说话人为表达一种假设是说话人为表达一种假设,或一种主或一种主观愿望观愿望,即认为动词所表示的动作或即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非真实或仅是主观设想时所状态并非真实或仅是主观设想时所用的动词形式用的动词形式.1. 陈述语气陈述语气用来叙述事实或提出疑问用来叙述事实或提出疑问.广泛用于陈广泛用于陈述句述句,疑问句疑问句,感叹句感叹句E.g. : I will come tomorrow.2.祈使语气祈使语气是说话人用来向对方下达命令是说话人用来向对方下达命令,指指示提出要求示提出要求,劝告等所用的动词形劝告等所用的动词形式式.主要用于祈使句主要用
4、于祈使句.E.g. ; Dont write in your book.3.虚拟语气虚拟语气 If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 虚拟语气是说话人为表达一种假设虚拟语气是说话人为表达一种假设,或一种主或一种主观愿望观愿望,即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非真实或仅是主观设想时所用的动词形式真实或仅是主观设想时所用的动词形式.虚拟语气的定义虚拟语气的定义关键是什么关键
5、是什么与事实相反！与事实相反！1.一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法2.名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法3.几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法4.一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装 5. 与含蓄条件句与含蓄条件句6.虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定考点考点难难点点错综时间条件句错综时间条件句Unreal conditionals state a condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary. Unreal conditionals一般条件句
6、中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法We use unreal conditionals to state a present condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary. E.g.E.g. If I got married in the UK, I would expect a present.一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法We form unreal present conditionals like this:If was/were/did , would/could/might do 1.
7、假如我有更多的时间，我就会学习德语。假如我有更多的时间，我就会学习德语。 If I had more time，I would study German.2. 要是我象你一样年轻要是我象你一样年轻, ,我就会找时间锻炼我就会找时间锻炼. . If I were/was young as you, I would find time to exercise. Practice:Practice:一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法If I werent addicted to QQ games,I would make greater progress in my studies
8、.What would happen if you were not addicted to QQ game?一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法We also use unreal conditionals to refer to an imaginary past action.E.g.E.g. If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about.一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法We form unreal pas
9、t conditionals like this:If had been/done, would/could/might have done1) 如果他抓紧时间，他本来能赶上那趟火车。如果他抓紧时间，他本来能赶上那趟火车。 If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.2) 如果你昨天告诉他，他也许会提些建议了。如果你昨天告诉他，他也许会提些建议了。 If you had told him yesterday, he might have made some suggestions.一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法If
10、I _busy last night, I _ to see the film with you.had not beenwould have gone一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法If he more carefully, he the car accident yesterday. would not have had had driven 一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法We use unreal future conditionals to talk about imaginary future situations.1) If I had t
11、ime tomorrow, I would certainly help you.2) If I were to fail my Maths test, I would have to take it again at the end of the term.3) If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.E.g.E.g.一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法We form unreal future conditionals like this:Ifwas/were/did/should/were to,
12、would/should/might doPractice:Practice: 1) 假如我要出国，我就会去法国。假如我要出国，我就会去法国。 If I were to go abroad, I would go to France.2) 万一明天下雨，我们的运动会就推迟。万一明天下雨，我们的运动会就推迟。 If it should rain tomorrow, our sports meeting would be put off.一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法Mark: 100 If you got /were to get /should get a full ma
13、rk next time, I would treat you to a wonderful performance. 一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法 1)Would, could and might are often interchangeable, but with some differences in meaning.would intention; plancould ability; possibilitymight probability2) In written English or in formal situation, we usually use
14、 were in If-clauses in place of was. However, in everyday conversation, was is often used.TIPS一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式现在过去将来did（were）had donewould/could/should/might +do would/could/should/might +have done1.did2.should+do3. were to dowould/could/should/might +do一般条件句中虚拟语气的用一
15、般条件句中虚拟语气的用法法1.一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法2.名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法3.几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法4.一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装 5. 与含蓄条件句与含蓄条件句6.虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定考点考点难难点点错综时间条件句错综时间条件句We can also put should, were and had at the beginning of an unreal conditional sentence. In this case, if is no
16、t needed any more. Please rewrite the sentences:E.g.E.g. 1)If you should make a mistake, you should not be embarrassed. Should you make a mistake, you should not be embarrassed.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装条件句中虚拟语气的倒装2 ) If you had told me earlier, I would not have this problem now.Had you told me earlier, I would no
17、t have this problem now.3) If you were to take the train, you would be there much sooner. Were you to take the train, you would be there much sooner.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装条件句中虚拟语气的倒装条件句中虚拟语气的倒装条件句中虚拟语气的倒装TIPS注意注意: 如果省略的条件句中的如果省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时谓语动词是否定形式时,不能用不能用动词的缩略形式动词的缩略形式.我们可以说: Were it not for the expense,
18、 I would go abroad now. 但是不能说: Werent it for E.g.E.g. _ she _ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.A.Hadnt; left B. Had; not leftC.If; didnt leave D. Didnt; leave 错综时间条件句错综时间条件句错综时间条件句错综时间条件句If you _(study) hard before, you _(be) a college student now and you _(graduate) from a college
19、in fours time.had studiedwould bewould graduateUnreal conditionals with “if”2. If 引导的虚拟条件从句中的结构引导的虚拟条件从句中的结构Consolidation(巩固）巩固）:If sb.,( 条件句)sb. . ( 主句主句)Present(现在现在)Past(过去过去)Future (将来将来)did/wereA.had donewould/could/should/might doD.would/could/should/might have doneB. did/wereshould dowere to
20、doC.would/could/should/might doOpposite toHave a try!3. If引导的虚拟条件句的省略倒装：引导的虚拟条件句的省略倒装： (Inverted structures of them)1._ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I were C. If I were D. Was I E. Were IIf I were to do the work, I should do it some other day.=Were I to do the work,
21、I should do it some other day.2. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the park.A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will =If it should rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the park.Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the park.3. _ for the doct
22、ors careful treatment, he _till last year. A. If it is not, cant live B. Were it not, couldnt liveC. If it hadnt been, couldnt have lived D. Had it not been, couldnt have lived E. If they were not, couldnt liveIf it hadnt been for the doctors careful treatment, he couldnt have lived till last year.=
23、 Had it not been for the doctors careful treatment, he couldnt have lived till last year 在在If引导的虚拟条件句中引导的虚拟条件句中 总结总结should, were 和和 had 可以放在可以放在句首，这种情况下，句首，这种情况下，if必须省略必须省略.1.如果如果had是实义动词，表示是实义动词，表示“有有”时，时，则则不可以不可以移到句首。移到句首。正：正：If we had time to spare, we would go to see a film.误：误：Had we time to sp
24、are, we would go to see a film. TipIf you had gone to bed earlier last night,you wouldnt be sleepy now. 错综时间错综时间(mixed time)条件句或混合虚拟语气条件句或混合虚拟语气 如果你刚才向右转，你现在就不会有麻烦了。如果你刚才向右转，你现在就不会有麻烦了。 If you _ _ _(turn right) just now, you _ (be) in trouble now.had turned rightwouldnt be in4. If引导的混合虚拟语气中：引导的混合虚拟语
25、气中：If you had gone to bed earlier last night,you wouldnt be sleepy now. 错综时间错综时间(mixed time)条件句或混合虚拟语气条件句或混合虚拟语气 如果你刚才向右转，你现在就不会有麻烦了。如果你刚才向右转，你现在就不会有麻烦了。 If you _ _ _(turn right) just now, you _ (be) in trouble now.had turned rightwouldnt be in4. If引导的混合虚拟语气中：引导的混合虚拟语气中： Its hard to image what I wou
26、ld be doing today if I _ in love at the age of seven , with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallenC.should fallD.were to fall一一. 含蓄条件句：含蓄条件句：有时假设的情况并不有时假设的情况并不用用if条件从句表示，而使用如条件从句表示，而使用如:but for(要不是要不是), without, with，or , otherwise等等一些介词短语，分词结构一些介词短语，分词结构来代替来代替
27、if条件句条件句, 这时剩下的主句要用这时剩下的主句要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气。 虚拟语气虚拟语气其他形式：其他形式：a) with, without, but for 等介词短语代替条件句相当于 if it is not for “要不是”But for the rain, the crops would have died. (= If _)Without the teachers help, he couldnt have made such great progress in English.(= If _) it hadnt been for the rainit hadnt been
28、for the teachers help, b). otherwise, but, or 常把真实情况和虚拟常把真实情况和虚拟语气混合语气混合（重、难点）（重、难点）I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.（副词） I would have taken part in the sports meeting，but I was ill that day.（连词）He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have
29、known nothing about it.（连词）I _(give) you more help, but I was too busy. （连词） c) Given more time, we could have done it better. (分词短语)= If_ we had been given more time,might have given1.Without your help, we _ such rapid progress.A.couldnt make B. wouldnt makeC. will not have made D. wouldnt have mad
30、e2.I could have called you for help, but I _ your number. A. couldnt have remembered B. didnt remember C. should have remembered D. hadnt remembered二二 . 虚拟语气的其他形式：虚拟语气的其他形式：1. 与现在、将来相反用过去时，与过去时与现在、将来相反用过去时，与过去时间相反使用过去完成时：间相反使用过去完成时：a. wish , would rather 引导的虚拟语气, 但注意：would rather后所跟句子不接过去将来不接过去将来时时。
31、I would rather you came tomorrow instead of today.I would rather you had come yesterday.b. If /as if/even if/ if onlyb. If /as if/even if/ if only引导的引导的虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句。1.1. I will not go there even if I I will not go there even if I _(give) the chance to ._(give) the chance to .2.2. He talks as if he _(
32、be) He talks as if he _(be) to America.to America.3.3. If only night _(be) day.If only night _(be) day.4.4. If only I _(see) my favorite If only I _(see) my favorite star yesterday.star yesterday.were givenwere givenhad been tohad been towerewerehad seenhad seen5. I wish I _ to the moon.5. I wish I
33、_ to the moon.A. fly B. would fly C. could flyA. fly B. would fly C. could fly Sb would rather 宁愿过去：现在：未来：1. I would rather you_ (pay) me nownow.2. I would rather you_ (go) to school yesterdayyesterday.3. Dont come. I would rather you_ (come) tomorrowtomorrow. sb didsb had done paidpaidhad gonehad g
34、one camecamesb did2. 由由 should +do, 构成的虚拟语气：构成的虚拟语气：a在由在由一个一个坚持坚持（insist）,两个两个命令命令（order, command）, 四条四条建议建议（advise, suggest, propose，recommend）,四项四项要求要求（demand, require, request, ask）等词等词 引导的名词性从句中，引导的名词性从句中，should可省可省b.在在“It is important (strange, natural, necessary) that”这类句型中这类句型中表示某事是表示某事是“重要重要
35、”，“奇怪奇怪”，“自然自然”，“必要必要”等意义时等意义时.（should不可以省略）不可以省略）1. It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library.A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed2. 很奇怪你竟然对你父母如此粗鲁！很奇怪你竟然对你父母如此粗鲁！It is strange that you should be so rudeto your parents.(1) 常见形容词常见形容词: 奇怪,自然,重要,必要strange, natural, imp
36、ortant, necessaryno wonder, a pity, a shame(2)常见名词常见名词 一个难怪,两个遗憾 It be +adj that sb should do nIts a pity that I should do a bad job in this exam.Its important that we should understand each other. 3. Its (about/high) time +that sb didsb should do我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time
37、 that we should go to bed. should 不可以省略(1)Its time that I apologized to you.(2)Its time that I should apologize to you.4. “for fear that /in case+主语+ should +动词原形”。 I will not make a noise for fear that I should disturb you. More practiceMore practice Fill in the blanks with the verbs given in the b
38、rackets in their proper forms. 1.You didnt let me drive. If we _ (drive) in turn, you _(not get) so tired.2._it _(not be) for your help, I couldnt have made any progress.had drivenwouldnt have gotHadnot been3. Has Mr Smith recovered now? Yes. Who_(think) that such a serious illness could be cured?4.
39、_it _(rain) tomorrow, the match would be called off.would have thoughtWere / Shouldto rain / rain5.Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They said that it _(organize) better.6.Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she_(get) a job, she probably w
40、ouldnt be able to see her friends very often.could/might have been organizedwere to get/should get/got7.Much labour would have been saved if electronic computer _ (invent) before.8. Well done, Jack！ Thanks. But given more time, I _(do) it better.had been inventedcold/would/might have doneNow here ar
41、e more exercises for you to check whether you have mastered what you have learned in this class.Please choose the correct answers to the following multiple choices.Choose the right answer:1.Everything if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade.A. will be destroyed B. will have been destroyed C. would b
42、e destroyed D. would have been destroyed 2. The business is risky. But _ , we would be rich. A. should we succeed B. we should succeed C. might we succeed D. would we succeed3. What would have happened, _, as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob w
43、alked farther D. if Bob walked farther4. I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then.A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent5. _ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Was he leaving B. If he leaves C. Were he to leave D. If he is leaving6. Supposing this ship ,do you thi
44、nk there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers? A.were to sink B. has sunk C. was sinking D. sunk7. I dont think hell attend the party, and _ he attend it, what would he wear?A. were B. had C. did D. should 9. You can ask your brother for help. He isnt at home. If he _, I _.A. were, wo
45、uld B. is, would C. is, will D. were, will10. Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation? No, but if I _ time, I very glad to go there. A. have, will be B. had had, would have been C. had, would be D. had had, would be11. Sally finally got here from Chicago. If she_ earlier, we _ her to
46、 the party then.A. came, would take B. had come, would have taken C. comes, will take D. had come, would take12. If you _ George, would you please tell him to ring me?A.saw B. were to see C. had seen D. seeMagic LanternMagic BrushMagic StickTime MachineDiscussion:Discussion:What would you do if you had a?Summary of this class(本节小结本节小结)一一. 英语中语气包括三种英语中语气包括三种:陈述语气陈述语气,祈使语祈使语 气气,虚拟语气虚拟语气.二二.虚拟语气用在虚拟语气用在if 引导的与现在事实引导的与现在事实,将来将来 事实事实,过去事实相反的非真实条件状语从过去事实相反的非真实条件状语从 句中句中.三三.一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装 四四.错综时间条件句错综时间条件句HomeworkHomework Finish Parts C1 and C2on Page 118 in Workbook.