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1、现在完成时态一、现在完成时的构成一、现在完成时的构成现在完成时的形式是现在完成时的形式是“ have/has+过去分词过去分词”，一般表示继，一般表示继续、完成、结果和经验四种意思。续、完成、结果和经验四种意思。1现在完成时的肯定句现在完成时的肯定句句型句型 主语（第一、二人称单、复数）主语（第一、二人称单、复数）+have 主语（第三人称复数）主语（第三人称复数） +have +过去分词过去分词 主语（第三人称单数）主语（第三人称单数） +has We have lived in Beijing. He has lived in Beijing. I have finished my hom
2、ework.2现在完成时的否定句现在完成时的否定句句型句型 主语主语+have/has+not+过去分词过去分词+ I have not seen the movie yet. He hasnt been to Beijing since then3现在完成时的一般疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句句型句型 Have/Has+主语+过去分词+. Have you finished the work? Has she arrived here?4 4现在完成时的特殊疑问句现在完成时的特殊疑问句句型句型 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+. How many times have you b
3、een to the Great Wall?二、现在完成时的用法二、现在完成时的用法1、结束、结果、结束、结果 表示过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的影响和结果。表示过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的影响和结果。A、表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束，常和以下的时间状语连用、表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束，常和以下的时间状语连用： just now already ever never yet Li Ming has just turned off the light. Ive finished my homework now.B、表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着，这时一般不用时间状语、表示过去动作的结果
4、，现在仍残留着，这时一般不用时间状语 I have lost my pen. She has become a teacher. 2 继续继续 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还能够继续下去的动作表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还能够继续下去的动作 或状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。或状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。 I have known him for ten years. I have known him since ten years ago. 例：例： lately / recently /since+时间点时间点 / so far/ till now/ for+一段时
5、间一段时间3经验经验 表示过去到现在之间曾经历过的事情。常和表示过去到现在之间曾经历过的事情。常和often, never, ever, once, twice, three times, before, since 等连用。等连用。 He has never been ill in his life. I have been to the Summer Palace twice. We have visited your school before.三、使用现在完成时需注意事项三、使用现在完成时需注意事项1、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时与一般过去时都表
6、示过去做的动作，但现在完成现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去做的动作，但现在完成时时强调这一动作与强调这一动作与现在现在的关系的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等。，如对现在产生的结果、影响等。而一般过去时则只表示而一般过去时则只表示过去过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系的事实，不表示和现在的关系。所以，。所以，一些表示过去固定时间的状语只能与一般过去时连用，而不能与一些表示过去固定时间的状语只能与一般过去时连用，而不能与现在完成时连用。如：句中有现在完成时连用。如：句中有ago, last 或由或由 when 引起的问句都不引起的问句都不能与完成时连用。能与完成时连用。 I cleaned my r
7、oom yesterday. I have already cleaned my room.A.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别举例 I have visited your school three weeks ago. ( F ) 改：I visited your school three weeks ago. I have visited your school already.比较： He closed the windows. 他关了这个窗户。 He has closed the windows. 他关上了窗户。B. When 不能与现在完成时连用。 -When did he join t
8、he army? -Last year. -Oh, he has been in the army for one year.2点动词点动词 点动词也叫终止性动词，不能延续。因此这种动词不能与表示点动词也叫终止性动词，不能延续。因此这种动词不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。延续的时间状语连用。 He has been dead for 4 years. He has been dead since 4 years ago. He has died. He died 4 years ago. 注：注： leave- be away/ get up be up / buy- have / borrow
9、-keep/ open-be open/ close- be closed/ die-be dead/ join-be in; be a member of / begin- be on / come to ; go to-be in; at/ 等。等。3 have /has been to 与 have/has gone to have/has been to 去过某地 have/has gone to 去了某地 have/has been in 在某地 She has been to Shanghai twice. She has gone to Shanghai. She has bee
10、n in Shanghai for 3 years.实力测验实力测验用括号中动词的适当形式填空1. He (wait) for an hour. 2. I (not finish) the work yet.3. you (know) him since then?4. I (hear) from my father recently.5. We (be) there many times in the past 3 years.6. The dog (die) since 3 days ago.7. They (finish)the work so far.8. How long you (
11、stay) at home already?9. I (not read) the book before.10. He just (do) it.11. My sister (walk) to school every day last year.12. We (have) an exam again sometime next week.13. By 2000, we (plant) 2000 trees.14. Lucy (go) to Shanghai. She (leave)this morning. 15. Tom (buy) the bike for 2 years. has waitedhavent finishedHaveknownhave heardhave beenhas been deadhave finishedhavestayedhavent readhasdonewalkedwill havehad plantedhas gonelefthave hadGoodbye