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1、Unit 4 GrammarThe use of “it” To learn the use of the emphatic “it”.在上一单元我们已经讲解了在上一单元我们已经讲解了it在句中可以用作许多成分在句中可以用作许多成分, 在本单元我们用图表的形式在本单元我们用图表的形式进行复习整理使同学们对进行复习整理使同学们对it的的用法用法有系统的掌握有系统的掌握。性性质质功功 能能例例 句句代代词词用作人称用作人称代词，代代词，代替上文提替上文提到的人或到的人或事物。事物。 Who is it? Its me. Youve helped me a lot; Ill never forget
2、 it. 性质性质功功 能能例例 句句代代词词用以代替用以代替指示代词指示代词this或或that。 Whats this? Its a computer. Whose book is that? Its hers. 性质性质功功 能能例例 句句代代词词表示时表示时间、天间、天气、距气、距离、价离、价钱等。钱等。 Its time for lunch.Its raining hard.Its two miles from the school to our home.引引导导词词作形式主语作形式主语, 代替由不定代替由不定式、动名词式、动名词或从句等表或从句等表示的真正主示的真正主语。语。It
3、 is easy to buy a new radio.It is no use telling him that.It doesnt matter whether she comes or not. 引引导导词词作形式宾语作形式宾语, 代替由不定代替由不定式、动名词式、动名词或从句等表或从句等表示的真正宾示的真正宾语。语。I feel it my duty to help him.We thought it no use doing that.Ive made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here. 本课我们来看本课我们来看it引导的强调
4、句的引导的强调句的用法用法语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。中总结出语言规则和语法规律。Look at these sentences in the book.1. _ human activity _ has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.2. _a
5、scientist called Charles Keeling, _ made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.it isthatit was who3. They also agree that _ the burning of more and more fossil fuels _ has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. Pay attention to the word “it”.
6、 “It” is used for emphasis.it is thatisitthatAll scientists accept this data. They also agree that _ _ is the burning of more and more fossil fuels _ has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. 强调句型中强调句型中, 为了强调句子的某一成分为了强调句子的某一成分(通常是主语、宾语或状语通常是主语、宾语或状语), 常用结构常用结构: It is / was + 被强调部分被强调部分 + that
7、 (who) 原句原句:I met Tom in the street yesterday. It was I who (that) met Tom in the street yesterday. It was Tom that I met in the street yesterday. It was in the street that I met Tom yesterday. It was yesterday that I met Tom in the street.主语主语宾语宾语时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语引引导导词词表示强调表示强调, 其结构是其结构是: It is / wa
8、s + 强强调部分调部分 + that + 原句剩余部分。此原句剩余部分。此结构只限于强调状语、主语和宾语。结构只限于强调状语、主语和宾语。 注意：注意：如果强调的是人如果强调的是人, 其后用其后用that或或who均可均可; 如果强调的是物、如果强调的是物、时间或地点等状语时间或地点等状语, 其后只能用其后只能用that不用不用where、when、why。 引引导导词词I saw Tom here yesterday. It was I that / who saw Tom here yesterday. It was Tom that / who I saw here yesterday
9、. It was yesterday that I saw Tom here. It was here that I saw Tom yesterday.引引导导词词注意注意: 若原句是若原句是not until句型句型, 在在强调强调until部分时部分时, 要把否定形式放要把否定形式放入被强调部分。例如入被强调部分。例如: He didnt leave until l returned. = It wasnt until I returned that he left强强调调句句型型若强调谓语若强调谓语, 则则用用do / does / did + 动词原形动词原形, 常常译为译为“的确的
10、确” “一定一定”等等, 该该结构只能用于陈结构只能用于陈述句或祈使句中。述句或祈使句中。引导的强调句与引导的强调句与其它从句的区别其它从句的区别在于：在于：Do be patient! 一定要有耐心。一定要有耐心。He does want to learn English well. 他的确想学好英语。他的确想学好英语。It was in the place that I was born. (强调句强调句)It was the place where I was born. (定语从句定语从句)易易混混的的其其它它从从句句 强调句型中前强调句型中前后时态应一致后时态应一致; 被强调的部分为
11、被强调的部分为主语、宾语和状主语、宾语和状语语, 若把若把it iswas和和thatwho去掉去掉,剩下的词语能重剩下的词语能重新组成正确的句新组成正确的句子子, 而且不缺成分而且不缺成分,否则就是其它从否则就是其它从句。句。 It was in 1945 that World War II ended. (强调句强调句)It was 1945 when World War II ended. (状语从句状语从句)It is a long time since I met you last. (时间状语时间状语) It is time that you went to bed. (定语从句定
12、语从句) 1. Peter lent us the money. 2. They want money. 3. All this happened on Monday.It was Peter who lent us the money.It is money that they want.It was on Monday that all this happened.根据划线部分把下列句子变成强调句。根据划线部分把下列句子变成强调句。4. Years of hard work has made him what he is today. It was years of hard work t
13、hat has made him what he is today.1. It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. (2008全国全国) A. that B. how C. which D. when2. _ worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. A. That B. It C. What D. This3. It is imagination _ makes the world colorful, full of vigor and vitality. (2007
14、上海春上海春) A. where B. what C. that D. when4. It was not until midnight _ they reached the camp site. (2008重庆重庆) A. that B. when C. while D. as 5.It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common. (2007浙江浙江)A.was until; when B. was until; that C. wasnt until; when D. wa
15、snt until; that6. It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. (2008天津天津) A. how B. which C. that D. where1. Its difficult to remember all their names.2. Its very quiet in the caf. 3. It rained for three days.4. He made it clear that he didnt want to speak to me.5. It
16、 was nice to meet you. 形式主语形式主语, 代代替替CircumstanceWeather形式宾语形式宾语, 代代替替Quiz III: Discuss the following sentences and tell the function of “it”.形式主语形式主语, 代代替替6. It was on Tuesday that Smith came.7. Its three miles from here to the nearest garage.8. A tall man stood up and shook hands. It was captain J
17、im.9. I hear you bought a new bike. Can you show it to me?用于强调句型中用于强调句型中Distance人称代词，代表前面提到的人人称代词，代表前面提到的人人称代词，代表前面提到的物人称代词，代表前面提到的物10. It was five oclock when we got back home yesterday.11. It was dirty and wet below the ship where the slaves were kept. 12. It was on this coast that lots of his people disappeared. 13. It was most likely that one third of them had lost their lives.Time Circumstance用于强调句型用于强调句型作引导词，在句中作形式主语，作引导词，在句中作形式主语，代替后面的从句代替后面的从句