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1、 国内图书分类号： H31 国际图书分类号 ： 821 硕士学位论文 文化图式理论下的长恨歌 较与分析 硕 士 研 究 生 导 师 申请学位 学 科 专 业 所在学院 答辩日期 但清波 李新教授 文学硕士 外国语言文学 英语语言文学 外国语学院 2016年 1月 授予学位单位 华北电力大学 学校代码 ： 10079 密级：公开 三个英译本比 Classified Index: H31 U.D.C: 821 Thesis for the Master Degree Cultural Schema Analysis of Three English Versions of Chang Hen Ge
2、 Candidate： Supervisor： Academic Degree Applied for： Speciality ： School： Date of Defence： Degree-Conferring-Institution： Dan Qingbo Prof. Li Xin Master of Arts English Language and Literature School of Foreign Languages January, 2016 North China Electric Power University 华北电力大学硕士学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：此处
3、所提交的硕士学位论文文化图式理论下的 三个英译本比较与分析，是本人在导师指导下，在华北电力大学攻读硕士学位 期间独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。据本人所知，论文中除已注明部分外不包 含他人已发表或撰写过的研宄成果。对本文的研究工作做出重要贡献的个人和集 体，均己在文中以明确方式注明。本声明的法律结果将完全由本人承担。 作者签名： 4 破 日期：仏年 /月 5 曰 文化图式理论下的 三个英译本比较与分析系木人在华北电力 大学攻读硕士学位期间在导师指导下完成的硕士学位论文。本论文的研究成果归 华北电力大学所有，本论文的研宄内容不得以其它单位的名义发表。本人完全了 解华北电力大学关于保存、使用学位论文
4、的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部 门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版本，同意学校将学位论文的全部或部分内容 编入有关数据库进行检索，允许论文被查阅和借阅，学校可以为存在馆际合作关 系的兄弟高校用户提供文献传递服务和交换服务。本人授权华北电力大学，可以 采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保 存、可以公布论文的全部或部分内容。 本学位论文属于（请在以上相应方框内打 “V”) ： 保密 ，在 年解密后适用本授权书 不保密 作者签名：么请破 日期：，名年 /月 jr 日 华北电力大学硕士学位论文使用授权书 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 长恨歌是一部传唱千年的长篇叙事诗，也是白居易最具代表性的诗作 之一
5、，自从它问世的时代开始就己经产生了 “童子解吟长恨曲 ”的巨大影响力。 传世以来，文学评论界对其关注点主要停留在对诗文的主题分析、创作渊源、 艺术成就等方面。长恨歌以其独特的艺术魅力引起了历代读者和学者的关注， 并被译成多种版本传播到国外。其中许渊冲、杨宪益、弗莱彻和翟理斯的译文 获得广泛关注。长恨歌的译本研宄多从传统美学、叙事方式、社会符号学、 文化翻译 及策略方面进行研宄。 本文以白居易的名作长恨歌为蓝本，同时借助许渊冲、弗莱彻、宾纳 三个不同英文译本，以文化图式理论为指导，对比分析三个译本在文化图式翻 译上的异同之处，并找出差异的原因所在。最后总结出文化翻译中译者所应具 备的基本条件，以
6、及一些能够进行有效文化翻译的翻译方法，为其他文化翻译 实践提供一些借鉴。 本文的主要结论是：译者是文化图式在源语文本和译语文本之间转换的桥 梁。译者首先需要掌握足够的源语言文化图式用以对源语文本进行解读，形成 新的正确的文化图式概念，然后在以读者接受为基准、以文化传播 为责任的原 则上，尽可能将新的文化图式重新编码入译语文本，以达到译语读者和源语读 者能有相同阅读体验的目的。由于译者成长于不同的文化环境，形成了不同的 文化图式和各自的翻译理念，在处理译文中的文化图式差异时，会因为不同的 目的，对归化策略和异化策略进行不同程度的适用，并使用不同的方法进行翻 译。本文对各位译者的翻译方法加以总结归
7、纳，以期为未来的翻译实践提供有 益参考。 关键词 ：文化图式；长恨歌；文化翻译；归化翻译；异化翻译 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 Abstract Chang Hen Ge is a widely circulated long narrative poem standing as one of the master piece of Bai Juyi, a famous poet in the history of China. Ever since its publication, Chang Hen Ge has exerted such a profound influence that
8、there exists a poem commemorates that 4teven children could chant the poem of Chang Hen Ge9 And the literary critics have been concerning several fields including thematic analysis, creation origin, artistic achievements, etc. Moreover, with its unique artistic charm, Chang Hen Ge has received atten
9、tion by readers and scholars all the time and has been translated into different versions so as to circulate around the world. Among those versions, those English ones translated by Xu Yuanchong, Herbert Allen Giles and W. J. B. Fletcher are relatively more popular and has gained widely attention. T
10、he studies of Chang Hen Ge translation are commonly conducted in aspects like traditional aesthetics, narrative style, sociosemiotics, cultural translation, etc. This thesis takes Chang Hen Ge as the original script, and, employs three different versions by Xu Yuanchong, Witter Bynner and W. J. B* F
11、letcher respectively into discussion of translation. Under the guidance of cultural schema theory, comparative analysis is conducted among the three translation versions from the perspective of cultural schema translation, on the basis of which similarities and differences are summarized and the rea
12、sons behind those divergences are expounded. Finally, the thesis gives a conclusion of the basic requirements of translators and some translation methods that can effectively transform cultural connotations so as to provide some reference to other cultural translation practice. This thesis concludes
13、 that translators are the mediators of cultural schema transformation between two languages. They should first be in possession of sufficient cultural schemata of the source language for the correct decoding of 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 source language text and then re-encoding the cultural schemata into the tar
14、get language text on the principle of giving uttermost priority to readers5 acceptance with cultural communication being the basic duties of translation, so that translation readers could achieve the similar reading experience with source language readers. As translators have been cultivated in dist
15、inct cultures, they must have form different schemata concerning cultural elements. Hence, when come across cultural schemata differences, translators may demonstrate different applications of domestication strategy and foreignization strategy due to their different intensions of translating, and va
16、rious translation methods would be adopted accordingly. For whatever ends they translated, their works must have provided us with precious suggestions for the future translation practice. Keywords: Cultural Schema; Chang Hen Ge; Cultural Translation; Domesticating Translation; Foreignizing Translati
17、on ill 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 目录 中文摘要 . I 英文摘要 . II 第 1 章引言 . 1 1.1. 研宄背景 . 1 1.2. 研宄意义 . 2 1.3. 论文结构 . 4 第 2 章文献综述 . 7 2.1. 长恨歌研宄 . 7 2.2. 长恨歌译本研宄 . 9 2.3. 图式理论 . 11 2.3.1. 图式 . 12 2.3.2. 文化图式 . 17 第 3 章文化图式理论在翻译中的应用 . 19 3.1. 捆译作为跨文化交际活动 . 19 3.1.1. 面向译语读者的活动 . 20 3.1.2. 跨文化交流的活动 . 20 3.2. 文化图式作为翻译的客体 . 21
18、3.3. 基于文化图式的翻译过程 . 24 3.3.1. 源语文本中文化图式的解码 . 25 3.3.2. 译语文本中文化图式的再编码 . 29 第 4 章长恨歌三个英译本的分析与比较 . 30 4.1.长恨歌中文化图式解析 . 30 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 4.2. 翻译案例对比分析 . 33 4.2.1. 文化图式对等 . 34 4.2.2. 文化图式错位 . 38 4.2.3. 文化图式冲突 . 43 4.2.4. 文化图式空缺 . 48 4.3. 三个英译本之比较 . 54 4.4. 三个英译本中翻译策略和翻译方法的适用 . 58 4.5. 三个英译本中翻译策略适用的决定因素 . 6
19、2 第 5 章结论 . 66 5.1. 主要结论 . 66 5.2. 研宄不足与未来展望 . 67 参考文献 . 68 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文及其他成果 . 71 mm . 72 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 Contents Abstract in Chinese . I Abstract in English. II Chapter One Introduction . 1 1.1. Research Background . 1 1.2. Research Significance . 2 1.3. Structure of the Thesis . 4 Chapter Two Lite
20、rature Review . 7 2.1. Studies of Chang Hen Ge . 7 2.2. Previous Studies in Chang Hen Ge Translation . 9 2.3. Review of Schema Theory . 11 2.3.1. Schema Theory. 12 2.3.2. Cultural Schema . 17 Chapter Three Application of Cultural Schema Theory to Translation. 19 3.1. Translation as the Cross-Cultura
21、l Communicative Activity . 19 3.1.1. Orientation to Target Readers . 20 3-1-2. Cross-Cultural Communication Destination . 20 3.2. Cultural Schema as the Object of Translation . 21 3.3. Translation Process Based on Cultural Schema . 24 3.3. L Decoding of Cultural Schemata in Source Text . 25 3.3.2. R
22、ecoding of Cultural Schema in the Target Text. 29 Chapter Four The Comparative Analysis of the Three English Versions of Chang Hen Ge. 30 VI 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 4.1. Analysis of Cultural Schemata in Chang Hen Ge . 30 4.2. Analysis of Translation Cases in Detail . 33 4.2.1. Cultural Schema Correspondence .
23、34 4.2.2. Cultural Schema Dislocation . 38 4.2.3. Cultural Schema Conflict . 43 4.2.4. Cultural Schema Vacancy . 48 4.3. Comparison of the Three English Versions . 54 4.4. Translation Strategies and Methods Adopted in the Three Versions . 58 4.5. Factors Determining the Translation Strategies Adopte
24、d by the Three Translators . 62 Chapter Five Conclusion . 66 5.1. Major Findings . 66 5.2. Limitations and Suggestions for Further Studies . 67 References . 68 Papers Published in the Period of Master Education . 71 Acknowledgements. 72 VII 华北电力大学碩士学位论文 Chapter One Introduction 1.1. Research Backgro
25、und Bai Juyi(772-846)， known as the “King of Poets” in Chinese literature， is one of the most outstanding poets in Tang Dynasty when numerous literati emerged and consequently lots of remarkable poems created. Still among them, Chang Hen Ge written by Bai Juyi has been gaining attention from ancient
26、 times to modem days. A poem by Tang Xuanzong Li Chen(810-859) in commemorating of Bai Juyi says: “童子解吟长恨曲，胡儿能唱琵琶篇，文章己满行人耳，一度思卿一怆然 。 ” In English it means that even children could recite Chang Hen Ge, and the people of Hu minority could chant the poem Pi Pa Xing. Evidently, the classic lyric had mad
27、e a great public sensation and exerted profound influence. The long narrative poem Chang Hen Ge presents a moving story of tragic love between the Emperor Ming of Tang and his concubine Yang during the An Shi Rebellion Period. Since the explicitly stated poem is based on a true historical event in C
28、hina, there unavoidably exist plenty of cultural loaded words, especially those bearing with specific culture of Tang Dynasty， such as 渔阳，金步摇 and 道士 . When translating the poem, it is important to take these cultural factors in to consideration for the convenience of translation readers understandin
29、g of it. Thus， the classic poem Chang Hen Ge provides me with a perfect text for the discussion on cultural translation in my thesis. Schema theory, officially led into the field of psychology by German psychologist Frederic Charles Bartlett, is a cognitive theory basically about in what manners the
30、 human knowledge is represented， organized into units stored in human brain and effectively applied to acquire new knowledge. Over eighty years of development, especially after the rise of cognitive psychology in 1950s, schema 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 theory not only has achieved a substantial progress, but also its wide applications in fields like linguistics, anthropology, psychology and artificial