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1、Unit 1Know yourself Grammar To learn to use conjunctions: and, but, or and so To learn to use conjunctions: both . and ., not only . but (also) ., either . or . and neither . nor .ObjectivesA Using and, but, or and soWe use conjunctions like and, but, or and so to join ideas together. We use and to
2、join ideas that are similar. I am active and energetic. I love working with people. I am active and energetic, and I love working with people.We use but to join ideas that are different. He does not like to talk much. His work shouts! He does not like to talk much, but his work shouts!We use or to i
3、ntroduce another possibility. I can be a good teacher. I can be a good doctor. I can be a good teacher or a good doctor.In negative sentences, we use or to join two or more ideas. He does not like singing. He does not like dancing. He does not like singing or dancing.We use so to express the result
4、of something. I want to share the best art with people. I am always searching for something better or different. I want to share the best art with people, so I am searching for something better or different.Millies classmatesMillie wants to write about her classmates. Help her join her ideas with an
5、d, but, or or so.1. Kitty is kind. Sometimes she is impatient._2. Billy would not accept others advice. Billy would not think twice._Kitty is kind, but sometimes she is impatient.Billy would not accept others advice or think twice3. Judy is gentle. Judy never gets angry with others._4. Suzy worries
6、too much. She cannot sleep well sometimes._Judy is gentle and she never gets angry with others.Suzy worries too much, so she cannot sleep well sometimes.B Using both . and, not only . but (also), either . or . and neither . nor .We use conjunctions like both . and, not only . but (also) , either or
7、，and neither . nor . to connect the same part of two sentences to avoid repetition.both . and .We use both . and . to emphasize that something is true not just of one person, thing or situation, but of another too. Kitty has known something about the four people. I have known something about the fou
8、r people. Both Kitty and I have known something about the four people.not only . but also .We use not only .but also .to add another fact to something you have mentioned. Careless will be a disaster to ourselves. Careless will be a disaster to patients. Careless will be a disaster not only to oursel
9、ves but also to patients.either. or.We use either . or . to mean one or the other, this or that, he or she, etc. You take the lead. You fall behind. You either take the lead or fall behind.neither. nor.We use neither . nor . to mean not this one and not the other, not this and not that, not he and n
10、ot she, etc.My parents do not think I can make a good accountant.I do not think I can make a good accountant. Neither my parents nor I think I can make a good accountant.When we use the conjunctions to connect two subjects, the verb form after both . and . is always plural, but the verb form after n
11、ot only . but (also) either . or . and neither . nor . can be plural or singular, depending on the subject closer to the verb. Both Kitty and Simon are energetic. Not only the students but (also) their teacher knows about the four people. Either Simon or David is ready to take on new challenges. Nei
12、ther Millie nor her friends know about types of personality.连连 词词 (Conjunction)Conjunction)一、连词定义一、连词定义: 用来用来连接连接词、短语或句子词、短语或句子的词。的词。 e.g. I study English and Chinese. Does he work at school or in the hospital? I get up early, but my brother gets up late. 二、二、连词分类：连词分类：并列连词并列连词从属连词从属连词连词：连词：and, but
13、, or, so, for连词连词词组词组: eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, bothand, (as well as)that, whether, if, unless, while / when, until, because, so that, sothat, though/ although, even if, asas 等等并列连词并列连词 - 连接具有并列关系的词，短语连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见并列连词：或句子。常见并列连词：1. 表并列关系：表并列关系： and, not onlybut also, neithernor
14、2. 表选择关系：表选择关系：or, otherwise, or else, either3. 表转折关系：表转折关系：but, yet, still , however4. 说明原因：说明原因： for 5. 表示结果：表示结果： so三、用法三、用法1.表并列表并列 用来连接两个并列概念的用来连接两个并列概念的连接词连接词有有and , not onlybut also, neithernor等等, and所连所连接的前后分句往往表示接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的前后分句的时态往往保持一致时态往往保持一致关系。若第一关系。若第一个分句是祈使句个分句是祈
15、使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。那么第二个分句用将来时。 and He gave her a painting as a present, and she liked it so much. 他给了她一幅画作为礼物他给了她一幅画作为礼物，她非常她非常喜喜欢。欢。not onlybut also She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。 Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it. 他不仅作出了许诺他不仅作出了许诺, 而且履
16、行了诺言而且履行了诺言. neither.nor.Neither has she changed her mind, nor will she do so.她她既既没有改变主意没有改变主意，也不打算这样做。也不打算这样做。He neither likes fiction, nor does he like poetry他既不喜欢小说，也不喜欢诗歌。他既不喜欢小说，也不喜欢诗歌。neither.nor.连接两个分句连接两个分句，并且并且neither位于位于句首时，两个分句的主、谓语都要部分倒装。句首时，两个分句的主、谓语都要部分倒装。 1 1）判断改错：判断改错： They sat down
17、and talk about something. They started to dance and sang. I saw two men sitting behind and ate there.FFFand (“和，并且和，并且”)eatingsingtalked“and”“and” 连接连接平行平行结构。结构。 考点一：考点一： either A or B either A or B “ “或者或者A A或者或者B”B”neither A nor B neither A nor B “ “既不既不A A也不也不B”B”not only A but also B not only A
18、but also B “ “不仅不仅A A而且而且B”B” - 连词词组连词词组 ： Either you or I _ going to the party. (或者你或者我将去晚会。或者你或者我将去晚会。) Neither I nor he _ seen the movie. （我和他都没有看过这部电影。）（我和他都没有看过这部电影。） Not only you but also he _ French. （不但你而且他也讲法语。）（不但你而且他也讲法语。） 【连接主语时，谓语“就近原则”】amhasspeaks考点二考点二 2. 表表选择选择 表示在两者之间选择一个表示在两者之间选择一个
19、, 常用的连接词常用的连接词有有or, or else, otherwise, eitheror等等,前后分句的前后分句的时态往往保持一致时态往往保持一致关系关系,若第若第一个分句是一个分句是祈使句祈使句,那么第二个分句用将那么第二个分句用将来时。来时。 or She must be joking, or she is mad. 她肯定是在开玩笑，否则就是她疯了。她肯定是在开玩笑，否则就是她疯了。 otherwiseYoud better go now, otherwise youll miss the train. 你最好现在就走你最好现在就走, 要不然就赶不上火车了要不然就赶不上火车了.
20、or elseThe book must be here, or else youve lost it. 书一定在这书一定在这, 要不然就是你把它丢了要不然就是你把它丢了. eitherorEither one goes forward or he will be left behind. 不进则退不进则退.He either watches TV or reads books in the evening. 晚上他不是看电视晚上他不是看电视,就是看书就是看书.（1）肯定句中用）肯定句中用“and” 表表“和和”；（2）否定句中用）否定句中用“or”表表“和和” 。1 1）翻译：翻译： 我喜欢
21、英语我喜欢英语和和数学。数学。 我不喜欢英语我不喜欢英语和和数学。数学。 I I likelike English _ math.English _ math. I I dontdont like English _ math.like English _ math.andand oror考点三：考点三： and 和和or= Study hard, _ your math will be worse. 2 2 ）用）用 “andand” ” 或或“or or” ” 填空：填空： Study hard, _ your math will be better.andand or or “and”意
22、为意为“这样，那么这样，那么”； “or” 意为意为 “否则否则” 。3. 表表转折转折 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有常用的连接词有 but, yet, still ,however等等,前后分句时态一致前后分句时态一致。 but The machine is old, but it is in good order. 这台机器虽然年头久了，但还能很好地工作。这台机器虽然年头久了，但还能很好地工作。 yetIt is strange, yet it is true.虽然有些奇怪，但却是亊实。虽然有些奇怪，但却是亊实。 stillAl
23、though we are very tired, still we shall work. 虽然我们很累，但我们还将工作。虽然我们很累，但我们还将工作。howeverId like to go with you, however, my hands are full.我很想和你一起去，可是我忙不过来。我很想和你一起去，可是我忙不过来。 表表转折转折的连词的连词butbut 和和howeverhowever： e.g. (他努力工作，但以失败告终。他努力工作，但以失败告终。) He worked hard, _ he failed at last. He worked hard. _, he
24、failed at last.区别区别: : but but 后后没有逗号，直接连接分句；没有逗号，直接连接分句； howeverhowever 后后有逗号相隔，可放句末。有逗号相隔，可放句末。butHowever考点四考点四 ： *although/ though 和和but这两个关联词不能同用。这两个关联词不能同用。考点五考点五 ：(1) Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others. (F)改为：改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others. 或或 H
25、e is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.4. 说明原因：说明原因：说明原因说明原因, 用连接词用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。前后分句时态一致。 forShe must be depressed, for she failed the exam.她一定很沮丧，因为考试没及格。她一定很沮丧，因为考试没及格。Its going to rain, for my knee joints are aching. 就要下雨了，因为我的膝关节酸痛。就要下雨了，因为我的膝关节酸痛。5. 说明原因：说明原因：表示结果表示结果,用连接词用连接词so, 前
26、后分句时态一致。前后分句时态一致。 so1 had a headache, so I went to bed.我头疼，所以上床休息了。我头疼，所以上床休息了。It rained, so the sports meeting was postponed.因为下雨，所以运动会推迟了。因为下雨，所以运动会推迟了。(2) Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor. (F)此句错误。此句错误。改正：改正：John was ill, so I took him to the doctor. 或：或：Because John was ill , I
27、took him to the doctor because because 和和 soso 等关联词都不能同时使用。等关联词都不能同时使用。考点六考点六 ：用用and. but或或or填空。填空。1. His name is Peter_ he is from England.2. Please be quick._ you will miss the train.3. The old man wants to buy this watch, _ he doesnt have enough money.4. I like swimming _ I go swimming every Sund
28、ay.5. You should study hard. _ you cannot pass the exam.andorbutandorand, or, but, so 基本用法基本用法单项选择。单项选择。1. Mary likes music _ Tom is found of sports. A. and B. but C. both A and B2. I failed again, _ I wont give up. A. and B. but C. so3. This is my first lesson, _ I dont know your names. A. and B. b
29、ut C. soand : : 表对等表对等 “和、并且和、并且” but: 表转折表转折 “但是但是”so: 表因果表因果 “所以所以”4. Which do you like better, apples, _ pears? A. and B. but C. or5. Now we have no time _ money. A. so B. and C. oror: 1. 用于用于疑问疑问句句, , 表表选择选择 2. 用于用于否定否定句句, , 表表并列并列6. Try your best _ youll make more progress. A. and B. but C. or7
30、. Dont lose heart, _ youll lose all. A. and B. so C. orand and 和和 or or 都可以在祈使句中使用都可以在祈使句中使用. . andand 通常是比较好的结果通常是比较好的结果; ;oror 则表示不愉快或不理想的结果则表示不愉快或不理想的结果. . 8. Its getting warmer _ warmer. A. and B. but C. or9. He or the twins _ the USA. A. comes from B. come from C. is from10. Not Tom but I _ goi
31、ng to give the talk. A. am B. is C. areadj.比比 + and + adj.比比 表示越来越表示越来越A or B 和和 not A but B 结构作主语时，结构作主语时，谓语动词要使用谓语动词要使用就近原则就近原则。and, or, but, so 特殊用法特殊用法11. Although I have passed the exam, _ I am not pleased with the result. A. and B. but C. /although 和和 but 不能同时出现。不能同时出现。12. Both Peter and I _ g
32、oing to Guangzhou. A. are B. is C. am13. Either apples or rice _ Ok. I am hungry. A. are B. is C. /14. Neither I nor my parents _ to tell you the truth. A. wants B. want C. is going to15. Not only I but also Jane _ sure that well win. A. is B. are C. ambothandeitherorneithernornot onlybut also以上结构做主
33、语，除以上结构做主语，除bothbothandand 谓语要用复谓语要用复数外，其余都使用就近原则。数外，其余都使用就近原则。Amys family and classmatesB1 Amy is writing about what her family does at the weekend. Help her complete the sentences with the correct conjunctions.1. _ my dad _ my mum goes to work at the weekend. We visit my grandparents on Saturdays.
34、Neither nor2. _ my mum _ my grandma are good at cooking. They cook lunch for us.3. _ mum _my dad does the dishes after lunch. I also help with it.4. In the afternoon, my grandpa and my dad _ play chess _ chat with each other.5. My mum_ helps clean the rooms for my grandparents _ does some shopping f
35、or them.Both andEither oreither ornot onlybut alsoB2 Amy and Suzy are talking about what jobs their classmates can do in the future. Complete their conversation with the correct conjunctions and the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Amy: Ive learnt about jobs and personalities recently.Suzy: Re
36、ally? What jobs do you think our classmates can do in the future?Amy: I think Millie would make an excellent teacher. Shes (1)_willing to work with children _ patient with them.Suzy: What about Simon?Amy: Hes active and good at playing football. I think he can be (2)_a PE teacher _ a football player
37、.Suzy: Do you think David and Lisa can be artists?Amy: Theyre very organized, but artistsnot onlybut alsoeitheror should be creative. (3) _ Davids _ Lisas personality (4)_(be) suitable for being an artist, Im afraid.Suzy: Who can be a manager?Amy: (5)_Billy_Paul (6)_ (be) very confident and energeti
38、c. I think they can be managers.Suzy: How can I learn about jobs and personalities?Amy: You can read about them (7)_ from some books_ on the Internet.neithernorisbothandareeitheror1. I hear _ your grandpa _ your grandma like watching Beijing Opera. Right, just as many old people do in our city. (201
39、2 呼和浩特呼和浩特) A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor D. not only; but also 中考链接中考链接2. Did you have a good time at the party? Yes. We sang _ danced until late at night. (2012山东济南山东济南) A. but B. if C. and D. so3. _ my father _ my mother is able to drive a car. However, they are going to buy one. (20
40、12四川宜宾四川宜宾) A. Neither; nor B. Both; and C. Either; or D. Not only; but also 4. A snake bit him _ he went to see a doctor at once. (2012天津天津) A. if B. where C. because D. so5. Tony is only four years old, _ he draws very well. (2012浙江衢州浙江衢州) A. but B. so C. or D. and 6. You cant have them all. You c
41、an choose _ the kite _ the toy car, said the mother. (2012四川自贡四川自贡) A. either; or B. not only; but also C. both; and7. Anna, you wear a new dress today! It fits me well, _ the colour is not my favourite. (2013淄博淄博) A. and B. so C. but D. or8. Which do you prefer, tea _ coffee? Tea, please. (2013北京北京
42、) A. but B. so C. or D. and9. Would you like to come to my party on Saturday, Sam? Id love to, _ I cant. I have to take a piano lesson. (2013厦门厦门) A. and B. but C. or 10. I thought the actor was famous, _ none of my friends has ever heard of him. (2013盐城盐城) A. and B. or C. so D. but11. Mike, please
43、turn down the music, _ Lucy _ Lily are sleeping. Sorry, Ill do it right away. (2013黔西南黔西南) A. neither; nor B. either; or C. both; and D. not only; but also 12. Lets go to Kunming for vacation. Its _ too hot _ too cold. (2013宜宾宜宾) A. either; or B. neither; nor C. both; and D. not only; but also13. I
44、dont like singing _ dancing. What about you? I dont like dancing, _ I like singing. (2013天水天水) A. and; and B. and; but C. or; but D. or; and14. Smile to the world, _ the world will smile back to you. (2013安徽安徽) A. nor B. but C. or D. and 15. How do you like the two pairs of trousers? They dont fit m
45、e well. They are _ too long _ too short. (2013威海威海) A. not only; but also B. both; and C. neither; nor D. either; or1. I help him _he helps me. We help each other . A. but B. and C. or D. though2._ he _I am a doctor. A. Both; and B. Either; nor C. Neither; nor D. Neither; andExercises一、一、单项单项选择题。选择题
46、。BC3 Some of us would like to act the story_ it isnt finished yet. A. but B. and C. though D. so4. One more week, _ we will finish the task. A. or B. so that C. and D. if5. Sam was ill yesterday, so he _his homework. A. didnt B. not did C. didnt do D. didnt didCCC6. Sorry there is only one seat left
47、. _ you_ she can have it. A. neither; nor B. Either; or C. Both; and D. Not; but7. I dont like chicken _ fish. I dont like chicken, _I like fish very much. A. and； and B. and； but C. or； but D. or； and BC8. _ of us likes the film. A. Both B. All C. Some D. Neither9. _does he do his work well, _he he
48、lps others with their work. A. Not only；but also B. Neither；nor C. Either；or D. Both；and 10. Its really very dangerous. One more step, _the baby will fall into the well. A. or B. so C. but D. and DAD11. John, when shall we meet again, on Thursday or Friday? _ is OK. Ill be free from Wednesday to the
49、 weekend. A. Either B. NeitherC. Both D. All12. Daddy, shall we buy a new car to go on holiday this summer? No. We will go on holiday or buy a car. But we cant do _ . A. both B. either C. neither D. anyAA13. _ Americans _ the British share a lot of social customs (习惯习惯). So they can understand each
50、other well. A. Either; or B. Both; and C. Neither; nor D. Both; or 14. How do you like the movie series The Amazing Spider-man? Fantastic! _ the first _ the second movie of the series is wonderful.A. Either; or B. Not only; but also C. Neither; nor D. Both; and BB15. Neither Jim nor his parents_ Xuz