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1、专题专题9动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态考点直击考点直击 1 1动词的时态动词的时态初中阶段应掌握的时态共八种，即一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过初中阶段应掌握的时态共八种，即一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。以以dodo为例，常用的八种时态的构成及常与之连用的时间状语如下表所示：为例，常用的八种时态的构成及常与之连用的时间状语如下表所示：专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态时态时态 结构结构 常连用的时间状
2、语常连用的时间状语一般现在时一般现在时 do/does do/doesoften, always, often, always, sometimes, usuallysometimes, usually等等一般过去时一般过去时 did didyesterday, last yesterday, last year, just now, agoyear, just now, ago等等一般将来时一般将来时 am/is/are going to am/is/are going to do do 或或 will/shall dowill/shall dotomorrow, next week, to
3、morrow, next week, soon, in a monthsoon, in a month等等过去将来时过去将来时was/were going to was/were going to do do 或或 would dowould dothe next daythe next day等等专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态时态时态 结构结构 常连用的时间状语常连用的时间状语现在进行时现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are doingnow, these daysnow, these days等等过去进行时过去进行时 was/were doing
4、was/were doingat this time at this time yesterday, at that yesterday, at that time, whentime, when引导的时间引导的时间状语从句等状语从句等现在完成时现在完成时has/have donehas/have donealready, yet, ever, already, yet, ever, never, so far, for never, so far, for three days, since three days, since two days agotwo days ago等等过去完成时过
5、去完成时 had donehad donebefore, whenbefore, when引导的时引导的时间状语从句，间状语从句， byby过过去时间去时间 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态2 2常用八种时态的中考热点问题透析常用八种时态的中考热点问题透析1 1条件状语从句：条件状语从句： 在在when, as soon as when, as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句和等引导的时间状语从句和ifif引导的引导的条件状语从句中若主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。如：条件状语从句中若主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。如： Ill go to see
6、 him when I have time. Ill go to see him when I have time. 我有时间的话就去看他。我有时间的话就去看他。If he calls, tell him Ill ring back. If he calls, tell him Ill ring back. 如果他来电话，告诉他我将给他回电话如果他来电话，告诉他我将给他回电话。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态2 2非延续性动词非延续性动词come, go, leave, start, finishcome, go, leave, start, finish等需用其进行时表达将来
7、之意。等需用其进行时表达将来之意。如：如：I am leaving for Japan tomorrow.I am leaving for Japan tomorrow. 明天我要去日本。明天我要去日本。3 3“be going to“be going to动词原形动词原形”也可表示根据已有迹象，可能要发生的情况。如：也可表示根据已有迹象，可能要发生的情况。如：Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain. Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain. 看那些乌云！马上要下雨了。看那些乌云！马上要下雨
8、了。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态4 4在现在完成时的句子中，如果有持续的时间状语，要把非延续性动词变为在现在完成时的句子中，如果有持续的时间状语，要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。如：延续性动词。如： I have had the book for two days. I have had the book for two days. 这本书我已经买了两天了。这本书我已经买了两天了。( (用用hadhad，而不用，而不用bought)bought)How long may I keep the book?How long may I keep the book?这本书我可以借
9、多长时间？这本书我可以借多长时间？( (用用keepkeep，而不用，而不用borrow)borrow)专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态5 5在由在由ifif引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句用过去将来时态，引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句用过去将来时态，ifif从句需用一从句需用一般过去时代替过去将来时。如：般过去时代替过去将来时。如：Amy said that she would go shopping if it didnt rain the next day.Amy said that she would go shopping if it didnt rain the ne
10、xt day.艾米说过如果第二天不下雨，她就去购物。艾米说过如果第二天不下雨，她就去购物。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态6 6have been to have been to 和和have gone tohave gone to的区别的区别两者后均可接地点，前者表示两者后均可接地点，前者表示“去过某地去过某地( (已经回来已经回来)”)”，通常可与表示次数，通常可与表示次数的状语连用；后者表示的状语连用；后者表示“去某地了去某地了( (还未回来还未回来)”)”，强调说话当时去某地的人，强调说话当时去某地的人不在场。如：不在场。如：He has gone to Paris.
11、He has gone to Paris. 他去巴黎了。他去巴黎了。 He has been to Paris three times.He has been to Paris three times. 他去过巴黎三次。他去过巴黎三次。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态3 3动词的语态动词的语态语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态
12、。用被动语态。常用的五种被动语态结构及示例如下表所示：常用的五种被动语态结构及示例如下表所示：时态时态结构结构示例示例一般现在时一般现在时am/is/aream/is/are过去分词过去分词All these things are All these things are made by machines.made by machines.一般过去时一般过去时was/werewas/were过去分词过去分词This book was written This book was written by Lu Xun.by Lu Xun.一般将来时一般将来时will bewill be或或is/ar
13、e going to is/are going to bebe过去分词过去分词The cars will be sent The cars will be sent abroad by sea.abroad by sea.现在完成时现在完成时has/have been has/have been 过去分词过去分词All the postcards All the postcards have been sent out.have been sent out.含情态动词含情态动词情态动词情态动词bebe 过去分词过去分词The flowers must be The flowers must b
14、e watered every day.watered every day.专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态4 4谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况1 1表示表示“发生，进行发生，进行”的不及物动词和短语：的不及物动词和短语： happen, last, take place, happen, last, take place, break out, come outbreak out, come out，come true, run out, give outcome true, run out, give out等以主动形式表示
15、被动意义。等以主动形式表示被动意义。如：如： The meeting took place in a beautiful city. The meeting took place in a beautiful city. 会议在一座美丽的城市举行。会议在一座美丽的城市举行。A fire broke out during the night.A fire broke out during the night. 夜间发生了火灾。夜间发生了火灾。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态2 2一些特殊动词：一些特殊动词： 英语中有很多动词，如英语中有很多动词，如 break, catch, c
16、lean, drive, lock, break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, washopen, sell, read, write, wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。且该用法通常与常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。且该用法通常与well, easily, well, easily, slowly, quicklyslowly, quickly等副词连用。如：等副词连用。如：This kind of co
17、mputers sells well.This kind of computers sells well. 这种电脑很畅销。这种电脑很畅销。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态3 3感官动词：感官动词： 系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受的感官动词，系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受的感官动词，如如 feel, sound, taste, smellfeel, sound, taste, smell等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。如：被动意义。如：Your reason sounds reasonable. Your reason soun
18、ds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。你的理由听起来很合理。 提醒提醒 当使役动词当使役动词have, make, lethave, make, let以及感官动词以及感官动词see, find, watch, see, find, watch, notice, hear, feelnotice, hear, feel等后面接不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中等后面接不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式不定式toto要省略，但变为被动结构时要补出要省略，但变为被动结构时要补出toto。如：。如：Someone saw a stranger walk into the buil
19、ding. Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 被动语态：被动语态：A stranger was seen to walk into the buildingA stranger was seen to walk into the building. .专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态考点过关考点过关基础过关基础过关.根据汉语提示完成句子根据汉语提示完成句子1 1He is tall and strong now. But you cant imagine he_ (He is tall and strong now.
20、But you cant imagine he_ (重重) only ) only 2 kilos at birth.2 kilos at birth.2 2Kids arent_ (Kids arent_ (允许允许) to go out at night, because its dangerous ) to go out at night, because its dangerous for them. for them. 3 3The ancient Chinese_ (The ancient Chinese_ (发明发明) tea that is now very popular a
21、ll ) tea that is now very popular all over the world. over the world. weighed allowed invented 4 4Could you_ (Could you_ (邮寄邮寄) the books for me on your way to school, Amy?) the books for me on your way to school, Amy?5 5Sorry, I have lost the dictionary you_ (Sorry, I have lost the dictionary you_
22、(借出借出) me last week.) me last week.6 6Its not reasonable to_ (Its not reasonable to_ (浪费浪费) too much time on video games.) too much time on video games.7 7I cannot_ (I cannot_ (许诺许诺) you anything at this moment, but I will try ) you anything at this moment, but I will try my best.my best.postlent wa
23、ste promise 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态8 8The cat was_ (The cat was_ (卧卧) fast asleep by the fire.) fast asleep by the fire.9 9He borrowed two books from the library and hasnt_ (He borrowed two books from the library and hasnt_ (归还归还) )1010Unluckily, the recent floods _ (Unluckily, the recent floods _
24、(摧毁摧毁)many farmhouses in )many farmhouses in the south.the south.lyingreturned destroyed 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态.用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空1 1It is said that some people_ (send) to Mars in a few It is said that some people_ (send) to Mars in a few years.years.2 2Every student in
25、 our class was at the meeting except you. Why?Every student in our class was at the meeting except you. Why?Sorry, sir. Ms Wang_ (explain) a maths problem to me.Sorry, sir. Ms Wang_ (explain) a maths problem to me.3 3My father_ (work) in a factory for five years. But now he My father_ (work) in a fa
26、ctory for five years. But now he is a teacher.is a teacher.will be sent was explainingworked 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态4 4When I got to school yesterday morning, it_When I got to school yesterday morning, it_ (rain) (rain) hard.hard.5 5Is everyone here?Is everyone here?No, sir. Jim_ (not arrive) yet.
27、He is still on No, sir. Jim_ (not arrive) yet. He is still on the way.the way.6 6Dont worry about your boy too much. His temperature_ Dont worry about your boy too much. His temperature_ (drop) back to normal if he takes this medicine.(drop) back to normal if he takes this medicine.was raining hasnt
28、 arrivedwill drop 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态7 7Did the old soldiers from Taiwan enjoy the welcome party last Friday?Did the old soldiers from Taiwan enjoy the welcome party last Friday?Yes. They were so excited to see their friends again. Most of Yes. They were so excited to see their friends again. M
29、ost of them_them_ (not see) each other since 1949. (not see) each other since 1949.8 8The old computer_ (break) down easily, so I had to The old computer_ (break) down easily, so I had to restart it over and over again.restart it over and over again.havent seen broke9 9The people in the earthquakehi
30、t area _ (provide) with food The people in the earthquakehit area _ (provide) with food and medicine from all over the world last week.and medicine from all over the world last week.1010Wheres Miss Wang?Wheres Miss Wang?Look! She_ (talk)with the students over there.Look! She_ (talk)with the students
31、 over there.专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态were provided is talking专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态( ()1)1.2014.2014武汉武汉 Do you know if Jack will drive to London this Do you know if Jack will drive to London this weekend?weekend?Jack? Never! He _ driving so far.Jack? Never! He _ driving so far.A Ahas hated Bhas ha
32、ted Bwill hatewill hateC Chated Dhated Dhateshates中考透视中考透视D考查动词的时态。句意：考查动词的时态。句意：“你知道这个周末杰克是否开车去伦敦你知道这个周末杰克是否开车去伦敦吗？吗？”“”“杰克？绝不会！他讨厌开那么远的车。杰克？绝不会！他讨厌开那么远的车。”此处表述杰克此处表述杰克的习惯，应用一般现在时，故选的习惯，应用一般现在时，故选D D。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态( ()2)2.2014.2014河南河南 Are you going anywhere? Are you going anywhere?I _ ab
33、out visiting my sister, but I have changed my mind.I _ about visiting my sister, but I have changed my mind.A Athink Bthink Bhave thought have thought C Cwill think Dwill think DthoughtthoughtD考查动词的时态。句意：考查动词的时态。句意：“你要去哪儿吗？你要去哪儿吗？”“”“我考虑过去拜访我姐姐，我考虑过去拜访我姐姐，但我已改变了主意。但我已改变了主意。”“”“考虑考虑”的动作发生在之前，故用一般过去时态
34、。的动作发生在之前，故用一般过去时态。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态( ()3)3.2014.2014十堰十堰 The bookstore _ a big sale. The books The bookstore _ a big sale. The books there must be very cheap now.there must be very cheap now.Sounds great. Lets go into it and have a look.Sounds great. Lets go into it and have a look.A Awill h
35、ave Bwill have BhadhadC Cis having Dis having Dwas havingwas havingC考查时态辨析。句意：考查时态辨析。句意：“这家书店正在搞大促销。那儿的书现在一定很这家书店正在搞大促销。那儿的书现在一定很便宜。便宜。”“”“听着棒极了。咱们进去看看吧。听着棒极了。咱们进去看看吧。”由语境可知，书店正在搞由语境可知，书店正在搞促销，故选促销，故选C。 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态( ()4)4.2014.2014孝感孝感 I was at the cinema at 8 oclock last night. What I
36、was at the cinema at 8 oclock last night. What about you?about you?I _ the Internet at home.I _ the Internet at home.A Aam surfing Bam surfing Bsurfed surfed C Cwill surf Dwill surf Dwas surfingwas surfingD考查动词时态。句意：考查动词时态。句意：“昨天晚上昨天晚上8点钟我在电影院。你呢？点钟我在电影院。你呢？”“”“我在我在家上网。家上网。”表示在过去某时做某事要用过去进行时，故选表示在过去
37、某时做某事要用过去进行时，故选D。 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态( ()5)5.2014.2014南京南京 Lily, why are you still here? School is over for Lily, why are you still here? School is over for half an hour.half an hour.Because I _ my task yet. I still need one more hour.Because I _ my task yet. I still need one more hour.A Awont
38、finish wont finish B Bdidnt finishdidnt finishC Chavent finished havent finished D Dhadnt finishedhadnt finishedC专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态( ()6)6.2014.2014威海威海 There _ a great concert in the theatre next There _ a great concert in the theatre next Saturday evening.Saturday evening.A Awill be Bwill be
39、 Bwill have will have C Chas Dhas Dis going to haveis going to haveA考查考查there be句型的将来时用法。句意：下周六晚上在影剧院将句型的将来时用法。句意：下周六晚上在影剧院将有一场很棒的音乐会。由有一场很棒的音乐会。由“next Saturday evening”可知用将来时，可知用将来时，there be句型的将来时用句型的将来时用there will be或或there is going to be表示。表示。故答案为故答案为A。 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态( ()7)7.2014.2014河南
40、河南 When Tim _ why he was late for school, he When Tim _ why he was late for school, he just kept silent.just kept silent.A Awas asked Bwas asked Basked asked C Cwas asking Dwas asking Dis askedis askedA考查动词的语态。句意：当考查动词的语态。句意：当Tim被问及为什么会上学迟到时，他只是保被问及为什么会上学迟到时，他只是保持沉默。应该用一般过去时的被动语态，故选持沉默。应该用一般过去时的被动语态
41、，故选A。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态( ()8)8.2014.2014孝感孝感 Look at the sign on the right! Look at the sign on the right!Oh, smoking _ here.Oh, smoking _ here.A Aisnt allowed Bisnt allowed Bdoesnt allow doesnt allow C Cdidnt allow Ddidnt allow Dwasnt allowedwasnt allowedA考查被动语态的用法。句意：考查被动语态的用法。句意：“看右面的标志！看右面
42、的标志！”“”“哦，这里不准吸烟。哦，这里不准吸烟。”动动名词名词smoking作主语，要用被动语态；结合语境可知，这里表示经常性的情况，作主语，要用被动语态；结合语境可知，这里表示经常性的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故选故用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态( ()9)9.2014.2014平凉平凉 She _ for ten years and now she has a lovely She _ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter.daughter.A Amarried Bmarr
43、ied Bhas been marriedhas been marriedC Cgot married Dgot married Dhas got marriedhas got marriedB考查动词的时态及语态。句意：她结婚十年了，现在她有一个可爱的女考查动词的时态及语态。句意：她结婚十年了，现在她有一个可爱的女儿。表示动作从过去持续到现在，并且有结果，要用现在完成时。儿。表示动作从过去持续到现在，并且有结果，要用现在完成时。“for ten years”是一段时间，故句中的动词必须是延续性动词，故选是一段时间，故句中的动词必须是延续性动词，故选B。 专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的
44、时态与语态( ()10)10.2014.2014广东广东 Although Flight MH370 has been missing for months, Although Flight MH370 has been missing for months, I do believe it_ some day in the future.I do believe it_ some day in the future.A Awill find Bwill find Bwont find wont find C Cwill be found Dwill be found Dwont be fou
45、ndwont be foundC考查语态。句意：虽然考查语态。句意：虽然MH370航班失踪几个月了。但我相信将来的某一天它会航班失踪几个月了。但我相信将来的某一天它会被找到的。根据语境可知，应选被找到的。根据语境可知，应选C。语法专练语法专练专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态( ()1)1.2014.2014北京北京 What do you often do at weekends? What do you often do at weekends?I often _ my grandparents.I often _ my grandparents.A Avisit Bvisi
46、t BvisitedvisitedC Chave visited Dhave visited Dwill visitwill visitA考查动词的时态。句意：考查动词的时态。句意：“周末你常常做什么？周末你常常做什么？”“”“我常常看望我的爷爷奶我常常看望我的爷爷奶奶。奶。”由由often可知，该动作是经常性的行为，因此要用一般现在时。故选可知，该动作是经常性的行为，因此要用一般现在时。故选A。专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态( ()2.Did you see Tom at the party?)2.Did you see Tom at the party?No, he_by
47、 the time I got there.No, he_by the time I got there.A Aleft Bleft Bwas leavingwas leavingC Chad left D. has lefthad left D. has leftC专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态( ()3.When will you tell him the good news?)3.When will you tell him the good news?I will tell him as soon as he_back.I will tell him as soon
48、as he_back.A Acomes Bcomes BcamecameC Cwill come D. is comingwill come D. is comingA专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态( ()4.Can your brother make model planes?)4.Can your brother make model planes?Yes, this week he_a new one.Yes, this week he_a new one.A Amakes Bmakes Bwould makewould makeC Chad made Dhad mad
49、e Dis makingis makingD专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态( ()5.Nobody noticed what the young man _ at that moment.)5.Nobody noticed what the young man _ at that moment.A Awill do Bwill do Bwas doingwas doingC Chas done Dhas done Dhad donehad doneB专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态( ()6.Has he returned the library book y
50、et?)6.Has he returned the library book yet?Not yet. Dont worry. He _ it soon.Not yet. Dont worry. He _ it soon.A Areturned Breturned Bhas returnedhas returnedC Cwill return D. returnswill return D. returnsC专题专题9 9 动词的时态与语态动词的时态与语态( ()7.You are late. The meeting _ for about ten minutes. )7.You are la