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1、Task-based writing高考英语新题型-读写作文曹霞南通市通州区教研室沈晓彦老师提供考试大纲：考试大纲：要求考生根据所给情景用英语写一篇要求考生根据所给情景用英语写一篇150150个单个单词左右的短文，情景的形式包括图表、图画、词左右的短文，情景的形式包括图表、图画、提纲、信函、短文等。考生应能：提纲、信函、短文等。考生应能：（1 1）根据特定的语境准确使用英语语法，选）根据特定的语境准确使用英语语法，选用适当的词汇；用适当的词汇；（2 2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地传递信息和表达思想。传递信息和表达思想。Use too many spe
2、cific details instead of general words.过多细节过多细节而非概括性语言而非概括性语言Use the first person instead of the third person没有使用第三人称没有使用第三人称Lack transitional words or statements缺乏过渡词句缺乏过渡词句（1 1）Key points are not completeKey points are not complete概括要点不全概括要点不全（2 2）Use the first person instead of the third Use the
3、first person instead of the third personperson没有使用第三人称没有使用第三人称（3 3）Use too many original words or sentences Use too many original words or sentences from the passage.from the passage.过多引用原文过多引用原文（4 4）Use too many specific details instead of Use too many specific details instead of general words.gene
4、ral words.过多细节而非概括性语言过多细节而非概括性语言（5 5）Express opinion too earlyExpress opinion too early过早表达观点过早表达观点（6 6）Lack transitional words or statementsLack transitional words or statements缺乏缺乏过渡词句过渡词句（7 7）Too many simple sentencesToo many simple sentences句式单调句式单调SummaryOrganization写作中的难点：写作中的难点：认真审题，巧妙利用写作内容，
5、预测材料认真审题，巧妙利用写作内容，预测材料内容。内容。 Prediction High school students in Victoria, Australia have been offered Education Department advice ahead of their written exams. The advice has been developed by the state Education Department together with a mental health organization. “Exams can be a stressful time a
6、nd the government is ensuring that students have the support they need to get through the period,”Education Minister Martin Dixon said. Students are advised to breathe deeply through their noses as a relaxation technique, to have a healthy diet, and to improve their mood by exercising. The importanc
7、e of sleep, staying connected with family and friends, and planned study times are emphasized. Students will also learn “positive self-talk”. “The positive way that you talk to yourself can be used for greater confidence and reducing stress, and can be a very effective way to prepare your for a big
8、test or exam,” students are told. The tips encourage your people to speak up if they are having difficulty, and remember that life will go on beyond exams. At the same time, students with serious problems are urged to seek professional help.【写作内容写作内容】1.1.用约用约3030个单词写出上文概要；个单词写出上文概要；2.2. 用约用约120120个单
9、词对文中所述话题进行讨论，内容包括：个单词对文中所述话题进行讨论，内容包括：你学习或生活中面对怎样的压力；你学习或生活中面对怎样的压力；你正在或打算如何应对这些压力。你正在或打算如何应对这些压力。压力压力从文体入手，分析文章结构，从文体入手，分析文章结构，准确把握要点。准确把握要点。Style of passageStyles of passageargumentation 2narration1exposition3narrationThe six elements of a narrative passage: whowhenwhere What (event)How (process)w
10、hySummary: The story is about an unforgettable lesson of the writer from an old man while fishing, through which the writer realized patience was very important and that it was the secret of success.The elements of an argumentation1.opinion (the topic sentences)2. arguments (supporting sentences)3.c
11、onclusion/suggestions. (the purpose of the passage)Argumentation Summary: Getting up early in the morning is a good habit, which enables us to have a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day. In a word, it benefits us a lot. 灵活变化表达，适度进行灵活变化表达，适度进行paraphrase, paraphrase, 不能简单地
12、照搬原句不能简单地照搬原句, ,即用自己的话进即用自己的话进行改写行改写 ，做到，做到“雁过不留痕雁过不留痕”。ParaphraseUseful skills:1)Use words of similar meanings同义替同义替换法换法e.g. A is important to B=A means (a lot/a great deal/much) to B.=Nothing is more crucial to B than A.2)Change the structure of a sentence句句式变化法式变化法 Geldof intended the concert to
13、raise money for hunger relief and to make the public more aware of the problem. = The concert _ _ _ raise money for hunger relief and to _ _ _ _ of the problem. was intended/meant toraisethe publics awareness灵活运用分词：灵活运用分词： The Chinese economy has entered a new trend, and it features a slower speed b
14、ut a healthier state.= The Chinese economy has entered a new trend _ a slower speed but a healthier state.featuring削削“枝枝”去去“叶叶”，实行精，实行精“兵兵”裁裁“员员” 。 OmissionUseful skills:1) 1)句式省略句式省略All the photoes in the report are provided by the Students Union, unless they are otherwise noted.= unless otherwise
15、_.noted2)2)概括细节概括细节She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.She brought home a lot of books to read during the vacation.OrganizationSummaryOpinionTransition巧用过渡词句和关联词，提升作文档次。
16、巧用过渡词句和关联词，提升作文档次。SummarySummary和和OpinionOpinion之间要有过渡语句，之间要有过渡语句，才能给人才能给人“形合形合”的感觉。的感觉。Transition Practice communication skills. A high level of communication skills makes it easier to send and receive messages in a proper way. _You can learn a lot about a person and their emotions by studying thei
17、r body language. It is important not only to build your verbal communication, but also to take note of your body language.运用较为丰富的句式和高级词汇，为运用较为丰富的句式和高级词汇，为作文锦上添花。适时使用非谓语动词作文锦上添花。适时使用非谓语动词结构、结构、with with 短语结构、定语从句、倒短语结构、定语从句、倒装句型、短语动词等。装句型、短语动词等。 Polishing up1. To his surprise, the little girl knows s
18、o many things.（使用名（使用名词性从句）词性从句）2. She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (使用过去分词使用过去分词)3. They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用使用V-ing形式形式)4. I passed the exam because of your help.(用虚拟语气）用虚拟语气）PractiPracticece I couldnt have passed the exam but for your help. Wh
19、at surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.Singing and laughing, they went back to school.熟记常见表达，争取宝贵时间，日积熟记常见表达，争取宝贵时间，日积月累，熟记常胜人一筹！月累，熟记常胜人一筹！Accumulation When we read newspapers, we often come across such English words as “AI
20、DS” and “PK.” When we watch TV, we frequently hear words like “NBA” or “PM2.5.” When we speak, we automatically use words like “OUT” or “Bye-bye.” English words and expressions like these are getting popular. They have already become part of our daily language. And 239 English words have been includ
21、ed in the latest Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese. ZXXKThe inclusion has started a heated discussion. A group of scholars signed a letter of complaint over the inclusion of these English words, which, they think, goes against Chinese language policies. They not only worry that Chinese is borrowing
22、 an increasing number of English words but are also concerned that the inclusion may hurt the dignity of the Chinese language. However, others are in favor of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language. They believe the selection is mostly a result of their
23、 function and use in daily life.写作内容1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：（1）支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇；（2）用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。2014江苏高考英语江苏高考英语支持：Today, more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language. Even the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese includes 239 English words. Some people suppo
24、rt it while others do not.Generally, I am in favour of the inclusion. As the number of English learners is on the rise, its not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts. Besides, it is, on some occasions, more convenient to use English words. Most people nowadays use “IT” ins
25、tead of its translation “xinxi jishu.” In our global village, we can see that its not uncommon for one language to borrow words from other languages. In English, there are many words borrowed from Latin, French, or even Chinese. In fact, Chinese has never stopped taking words from other languages, s
26、ay, “ganbu” or “minzhu” from Japanese.So, its safe to conclude that it is reasonable to include English which facilitates daily communication.反对：With English words getting popular in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposin
27、g groups: “For” and “Against.”I tend to take the “Against” side for two reasons. Firstly, this inclusion has actually polluted our mother tongue. Sooner or later, many English accents will rise and fall with the four Chinese tones. And, rules dont tell us how to pronounce such English-turned Chinese
28、 words as “wifi” and “Out” in a Chinese way! Secondly, such an inclusion may give rise to prejudices of the educated against those with little knowledge ofEnglish. Just for one illustration, while college students take “Bye-bye” for granted when parting from each other, it may unconsciously hurt the feelings of someone who is used to “zaijian.”In short, not only has the inclusion poisoned Chinese, it may also bring about distance between the Chinese people.