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1、Welcome to our class!知识网络知识网络按结构分，句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。按结构分，句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。考点一考点一 简单句简单句只有一套主、谓语的句子叫简单句。只有一套主、谓语的句子叫简单句。He is tall and likes playing football.He is tall and likes playing football.他很高并且喜欢踢足球。他很高并且喜欢踢足球。1 1状语从句状语从句状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或全句。状语从句由连词词或全句。状语从句由连
2、词( (或连词词组或连词词组) )引导，其位置可以引导，其位置可以在句首，也可以在句尾。状语从句可以分为时间、原因、条在句首，也可以在句尾。状语从句可以分为时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、比较或方式等状语从句。件、让步、目的、结果、比较或方式等状语从句。(1)(1)时间状语从句时间状语从句时间状语从句：常由时间状语从句：常由when(when(当当时候时候) )、as(as(时时) )、while(while(当当时候时候) )、before(before(之前之前) )、after(after(之后之后) )、as soon as(as soon as(一一就就)、since(since
3、(自从自从) )、until(tilluntil(till)()(一一直到直到)等引导。等引导。在时间状语从句中，要特别注意用一般现在时去代替一般将来时。在时间状语从句中，要特别注意用一般现在时去代替一般将来时。MeimeiMeimei has received several letters from her hometown since she has received several letters from her hometown since she came to the city. came to the city. 自从来到这座城市，梅梅收到了一些来自家乡的信。自从来到这座城市
4、，梅梅收到了一些来自家乡的信。“肯定形式的延续性动词肯定形式的延续性动词untiluntil从句从句”表表“一直到一直到”；“否定形式否定形式的动词的动词until”until”表表“直到直到才才”。He didnt go to sleep until his mother came back. He didnt go to sleep until his mother came back. 直到他妈妈回来他才睡觉。直到他妈妈回来他才睡觉。(2)(2)条件状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句常由条件状语从句常由ifif，unless (unless (除非除非) )引导，从句中该用一般将引导，从句
5、中该用一般将来时的时候，要用一般现在时来代替。来时的时候，要用一般现在时来代替。I think he will come if it doesnt rain.I think he will come if it doesnt rain.我想不下雨的话他会来。我想不下雨的话他会来。(3)(3)原因状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句常由原因状语从句常由because(because(因为因为所以所以)，since(since(既既然然)，as(as(由于由于)等引导。注意等引导。注意“因为因为所以所以”不可不可说说“because.so.”because.so.”，两个连词只可留其一。，两个连词只可
6、留其一。As he did not know the answer, he did not put up his As he did not know the answer, he did not put up his hand. hand. 由于不知道答案，他没有举手。由于不知道答案，他没有举手。(4)(4)让步状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句常由让步状语从句常由thoughthough，althoughalthough，even ifeven if，no matter no matter 疑问句，疑问句，even thougheven though等引导。表等引导。表“虽然虽然但是但是”时
7、，不时，不可说可说( (although)thoughalthough)though.but.”.but.”，两个连词只能留其一。，两个连词只能留其一。Australia is very large, but its population is quite small.Australia is very large, but its population is quite small.(5)(5)结果状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句常由结果状语从句常由so.that.so.that.，such.that.such.that.等引出，表等引出，表“如此如此以至于以至于”，so so 后常加形容词
8、或副词，后常加形容词或副词，suchsuch后常加后常加名词。名词。Sorry, you speak so quickly that I cant follow you.Sorry, you speak so quickly that I cant follow you.对不起，你说得太快以至于我听不懂。对不起，你说得太快以至于我听不懂。(6)(6)比较状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句常由比较状语从句常由as.as.asas或或not so.asnot so.as引出表示同级比较引出表示同级比较的句子，由的句子，由thanthan引出表示比较级比较的句子。引出表示比较级比较的句子。The Th
9、e ChangjiangChangjiang River is longer than any other river River is longer than any other river in China.in China.长江比中国的其他任何一条河流都要长。长江比中国的其他任何一条河流都要长。3 3定语从句定语从句在复合句中用作定语的从句称为定语从句。定语从句通常位在复合句中用作定语的从句称为定语从句。定语从句通常位于所修饰的名词或代词之后，常由关系代词或关系副词引出，被于所修饰的名词或代词之后，常由关系代词或关系副词引出，被修饰的修饰的一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句
10、中作主句的宾语。eg. We know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right.二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）语 序时 态格林先生教英语格林先生教英语这些答案是否正确这些答案是否正确由从属连词由从属连词thatthat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which， what 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句（一）引导词注：注：th
11、at 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分成分,在口语当中往往省略在口语当中往往省略e.g. 1. I hear (that) _. 2. He said (that) _. 3. The teacher told us (that) _. he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun一小时后他会回来一小时后他会回来他非常想念我们他非常想念我们地球围着太阳转地球围着太阳转只能用只能用whether不能用不能用if的情况的情况1. 在介词后面在介
12、词后面： Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.2. 在动词不定式前在动词不定式前： They asked me whether to go skating3. 当与当与or not连用，或连用，或提出两种选择提出两种选择时时: I dont know whether hes free or not.4. 宾语从句提前时：宾语从句提前时： Whether this is true or not, I cant say只能用只能用if不用不用whether的情况的情况:1.引导否定概念的宾语从句时：引导否定概念的宾语从句时：He asked me
13、 if I hadnt finish my homework.2.引导真实状语从句和虚拟条件状语从引导真实状语从句和虚拟条件状语从句，句，if意为意为“如果如果”时时:Well go hiking if it doesnt rain tomorrow.If I were you ,I would go at once .（二）语序：陈述句语序 当从句的原句为以下句子以及当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who which 作主语作主语时，语序不变：时，语序不变：Whats wrong? Whats the matter?Whats happening? What happeneed?I w
14、onder which is the way to the zoo? eg: I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there? 即：主句即：主句+连接词连接词+从句（主从句（主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分）Do you remember _(他多大岁数他多大岁数)? how old he is出什么情况了出什么情况了在那边的是谁在那边的是谁主句用主句用现在时或将来时现在时或将来时，从句，从句可用任何时态可用任何时态。主句用主句用过去时过去时，从句用，从句用与过去相关的时态与过去相关的时态。1.从句说明的是从句说明的是
15、一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，名言时，仍用现在时。仍用现在时。He told me the earth moves around the sun.2.从句中有从句中有具体时间状语具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。The teacher told me she was born in 1960.（三）时态：地球绕着太阳转地球绕着太阳转她出生在她出生在1960年年中考链接一：中考链接一：考查引导宾语从句的连接词考查引导宾语从句的连接词ABA中考链接三中考链接三：考查宾语从句的语序考查宾语
16、从句的语序( (时态，连词，语序同时考查）时态，连词，语序同时考查） .( ) 1.He asked me_ . A. if she will come B. how many books I want to have C. They would help us do it D. what was wrong with me( ) 2.-The holiday is coming . Have you decided_?-Im planning to go Hawaii.A. when youre going to enjoy it B. how often are you going to
17、enjoy it c. where youre going to enjoy it The building is our school. The building stands by the river. v 关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。人称、数必须和先行词一致。The building which/that stands
18、by the river is our school. 先行词先行词 关系词关系词 定语从句定语从句规律：规律：1 两个句子都必须是完整的简单句；两个句子都必须是完整的简单句；2 两个句子中必须有相同的名词或代词；两个句子中必须有相同的名词或代词；3 要判断两个句子的主要、次要关系（主从句）。要判断两个句子的主要、次要关系（主从句）。根据根据先行先行词在词在从句从句中所中所做成做成分分关系关系代词代词whowhomwhichthatwhose 先行词指人先行词指人,在从句中作主语在从句中作主语.(宾宾),不可省不可省人人,(宾宾) 物物,主主 (宾宾)人人/ /物物, ,主主. .宾宾人或物人
19、或物,做定语做定语关系关系副词副词wherewhenwhy地点，地点状语地点，地点状语in/on/at which时间，时间状语时间，时间状语in/on/at/during whichreason,原因状语原因状语for which1.先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词everything all few anything，nothing e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修时先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修时 e.g. This is the best book (that
20、) Ive ever read. 3. 先行词被先行词被 the only，the very，the last 修饰时，用修饰时，用that。 e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.4. 4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用先行词同时指人和指物时，用thatthat。 e.g. We talked about the things and the persons that we saw then.考点二：考点二： 省略关系代词省略关系代词关系代词在从句中关系代词在从句中作主语或宾语作主语或宾语。作主语时不可作主语时不可以省略，做宾语可以
21、省略。以省略，做宾语可以省略。宾语从句宾语从句中中that 都可以省略。都可以省略。关系代词和关系副词的选择关系代词和关系副词的选择 1) This is the place _ he works. where/in which = in the place This is the place _ we visited. that/which = the place 2)I will never forget the day _ I came to this school for the first time. when/on which= on the day I will never fo
22、rget the day _ I spent with you in this school. that/which= the day 3) Did he explain the reason _ he was absent? (why=for which=for the reason ) I dont believe the reason _ he has given for his being late that/ which= the reason 注意：句中有注意：句中有for, 不会选择不会选择why/ for which 4) Is this the factory _you visited last year? is this factory _ you visited last year? (that/which/不填不填)