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1、2022细节事实题解题技巧细微环节事实题解题技巧细微环节题是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文详细叙述本身发问。一般包括干脆理解题、语义转化题)、数字计算题、排列依次题、图表图画题等。尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势,但细微环节题仍旧占有较大比例,而且已由过去简洁的对号入座干脆答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查同学们对英语语言的理解实力,因此难度比往年有所增加。一、题型特点与命题方式所谓细微环节题,是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文详细叙述本身发问。一般包括干脆理解题(在原文中可干脆找到答案,常用who, what, when, where, why
2、和how等提问。)语义转化题(须要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换,两者存在表达上的差异,有时须要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列依次题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细微环节是做好该题型的关键,也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为:When / Where did the story happen?Which of the following statements is (not) correct?Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?Which is the
3、 right order of the events given in the passage?All the statements are true except该题型几乎都可以在文章中干脆找到与答案有关的信息,或是其变体。所以,搜查信息在阅读中特别重要,它包括理解作者在叙述某事时运用的详细事实、数据、图表等细微环节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体绽开的细微环节。做这类题一般采纳寻读法,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再对相关部分进行分析对比,找出答案。二、解题思路与应试技巧细微环节题是针对文中某个细微环节、某句话或某部分详细内容设置问题,正确答
4、案的依据肯定可以在原文中找到,即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。通常细微环节题的正确选项有以下特征:1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词,成为正确选项。2、词性或者语态的改变。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,或者变更原文句子的语态,给考生制造障碍。3、语言简化。把原文中的困难语言现象进行简化,成为正确答案。4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于找寻错误选项的题目)。干扰项也是以文章中的某个细微环节设题,若不细致辨别,很简单把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征:1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换,使该选项看似正确,事实上却是错误选项。
5、2、把未然当已然。变更文中某句话的时态,如把将来时变成现在时,把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。3、无中生有。即选项内容是依据主观想象或推想得出的结论,而文中并未涉及。4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的张三换成李四,所述细微环节的确与原文一样,一不当心就会误选。5、文不对题。这类题最不简单辨别,选项中的描述与原文完全一样,确属原文中的一个细微环节,这时要回到题干,看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。下面结合最新高考试题,对细微环节题的不同类型加以解读。1、干脆信息题对此类题型,考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词,然后以此为线索,运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中快速找寻这一细微环节,找到后再把这一部分内容细致阅读一
6、遍,细致比较所给选项与文中细微环节的微小区分,在精确理解细微环节的前提下,最终确定最佳答案。(2022湖南卷,B篇)61. How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone?A. 15 minutes. B. 30 minutes. C. 1.5 hours. D. 3 hours.A。干脆信息题。快速查找题干中的关键词How long,charge up,iPhone,由第一段第一句Just plug RichardSolo 1800 into your iPhone once or twice a day, for fifte
7、en minutes, and keep your iPhone charged up.可以得出答案为A。(2022陕西卷,B篇)46. Edmonds entered the world of politics first as _.A. news secretary for a congressmanB. a speechwriter for President ClintonC. news secretary in the White HouseD. a speechwriter for Secretary Donna ShalalaA。干脆信息题。快速查找题干中的关键词the worl
8、d of politics,在第三段其次句话找到相关信息:He joined the world of politics as news secretary for his congressman (国会议员) from Baltimore During Bill Clintons presidency因此答案为A。2、间接信息题做这类题目时,考生须要对原文信息进行加工处理,然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别,这是介于事实细微环节题和推理推断题之间的一种题型,对考生来说有肯定难度。(2022山东卷,A篇)57. Which of the following is true of the Hatche
9、s?A. They had their children during the Great Depression.B. They left the family farm to live in an old house.C. They gave away their possessions to their neighbors.D. They helped their neighbors to find jobs.C。间接信息题。第四段第一句话说Hatch夫妇是在大萧条时期诞生的(Children of the Great Depression, Ish and Arlene were kno
10、wn for their habit of saving.),而不是他们在大萧条时期有了孩子,解除A;第三段提到他们的老房子位于他们家的农场里,B错误;其次段提到他们帮助有困难的邻居们,但未提及帮助他们找工作,D项错误。C项说Hatch夫妇把他们的钱全都赠给了他们的邻居们,符合文意。3、数字计算题数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容,此类试题是在文章中干脆表现出来细微环节事实,有的要经过详细的计算才能够得出正确的答案。详细的计算题可以是对年头的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中常常会出现很多数字,它们对解题产生肯定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意,然后经过对比、分析、计算等就
11、能够得出正确的答案。(2022福建卷,B篇)61. The foreign drivers who break the traffic law and do not pay on the spot are likely to be fined up to _.A.60 B.300 C.900 D.980D。依据文章第一段可知,这种罚款可高达900英镑(Foreign drivers will have to pay on-the-spot fines of up to900 for breaking the traffic law to be carried out next month.),
12、再依据其次段If they do not have enough cash or a working credit card, their vehicles will be clamped(扣留)until they pay and they will face an additional fee of80 for getting back their vehicles.可知本题选D,即当场不能交罚款的外国司机罚款的费用是900+ 80=980英镑。4、排列依次题这种试题要求考生依据事务发生的先后依次和句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事务发生的正确依次。做这种题时可采纳首尾定位法,即最先找出第一个事务
13、和最终一个事务,快速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确答案。(2022湖北卷,D篇)64. Which order of steps is followed in carrying out the project?A. Assessment Prototype Design Construction.B. Assessment Design Prototype Construction.C. Design Assessment Prototype Construction.D. Design Prototype Assessment Construction.D。请看文章其次段:Gerner ma
14、nages school facilities(设施) for Clark County, Nevada, a district roughly the size of Massachusetts. By 2022, 143,000 additional students will enter the already crowded public-education system. Gerner needs 73 new schools to house them. Four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary s
15、chool prototypes(样品); they plan to construct their schools starting in 2022. The district will then assess how well the schools perform, and three winners will copy those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings.依据其次段的描述,工程的实施应根据设计供应样品评估建设的程序。其它程序都不符合标准的建筑要求。(2022福建卷,A篇)59. Whats the right order of the eve
16、nts related to Tanni?a. She works as a coach.b. She took up athletics.c. She won four gold medals in Barcelona.d. She competed in her first Paralympic Games.e. She achieved a victory in her first London Wheelchair Marathon.A. b, d, c, e, a B. a, d, b, c, eC. a, d, c, e, b D. b, d, a, e, cA。排列依次题。本题要
17、求推断各个事务的先后依次。视察文章的26段,留意几个表示时间的词(组):1984,1988,1992,in the same year,2022,可帮助考生快速找到答案。5、图表图画题在有图表图画的阅读理解中,有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中,有的出现在选项中,这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性,同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候,肯定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息,特殊是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的,我们可以采纳按图找寻正确答案的方法。(2022安徽卷,D篇)71. The chart shows that from 2005 to 2022, _.A. the percent
18、age of the Spanish families with a computer rose 35 pointsB. the percentage of the White families with a computer remained unchangedC. the number of the Black families with a computer was on the decreaseD. the number of the Asian families with a computer showed the sharpest increaseD。请看原文中的柱形图:由柱形图可
19、以清晰地看出,拥有电脑的亚洲家庭的数量急剧增加,其他三项表述都与图表不符,故D项正确。(2022江苏卷,C篇)65. The package fee does NOT cover the cost of _.A。所给的四幅图画分别代表了住宿、交通、巡游和餐饮。依据文章中All Fees Included. No Hidden Cost.可知这次巡游的费用都包含在Package Fee里面,没有其它暗含的费用。但是由于这是一个总共5.7小时的巡游,下午乘飞机返回还不耽搁吃晚饭和看日落(in time for dinner and sunset)可知是不须要住宿的,因此住宿的费用不包含在整个费用之内。本文来源:网络收集与整理,如有侵权,请联系作者删除,谢谢!第11页 共11页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页