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1、名词专题By cobra名词的分类名词的单复数名词的所有格名词的性名词在句中的作用导航页名词的分类名词专有名词普通名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词可数名词可数名词不可数名不可数名词词专有名词专有名词：是指特定的人、事、物或地点的名称。1、专有名称的首字母首字母必须大写。 人名：Diana, Mr. Green, President Obama, Princess Fiona 地名：Beijing, Broadway, the Yellow River 某类人的名称：Americans, Russians, Chinese, Jews 某些抽象事物的名称：English, Buddhism,
2、 NATO 月份、周日及节日名称：May, Sunday, Easter, Christmas 书名、电影名及诗歌名称：Gone with the Wind 对家人的称呼：Mum, Dad, Auntie, Uncle Tom2、专有名词前通常不加“the”。3、但是由普通名词构成的专有名词前要加“the”。 the United Kingdom(the UK), the Great Wall 何谓“专有名词”(Proper Nouns) 个体名词(Individual Nouns) 集体名词(Collective Nouns) 物质名词(Material Nouns) 抽象名词(Abstra
3、ct Nouns)普通名词（Common Nouns）及其分类 1、个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或事物。 He has two aunts. Pandas are found in Sichuan. 2、个体名词可指具体的人或物，也可指抽象东西。 Most classrooms have computers.(具体) I had a dream last night.(抽象) 3、个体名词有复数形式，单数形式可以和a(an)连用。 There are sixty minutes in an hour.个体名词(Individual Nouns) 1、集体名词也叫集合名词，表示由个体组成的集体。
4、 常见的集体名词有： army, class, crowd, team, committee(委员会), police, cattle(牛), audience(观众), family, crew(船员), group(团体), herb(牛群), press(新闻界), public(公众), staff(全体员工), youth(年轻人) 2、集体名词搭配单数还是复数动词？ 1）将集体名词视为整体时，接单数名词。 The Zhangs family is going to move to New York. 2）当强调团体里的单个成员时，接复数名词。 The Zhangs family a
5、re having dinner now. 3、集体名词的固定用法。 police, people, cattle后面一律用复数名词。集体名词(Collective Nouns) 1、物质名词指无法分为个体的东西，常见的有： 液体类：beer, coffee, coke, juice, milk, oil, soup, tea, water, wine, yoghurt 物质类：cloth(布), coal(煤), cotton(棉), fabric(纤维), ink(墨水), paint(涂料), paper(纸), plastic(塑料), metal(金属), wood(木头), woo
6、l(羊毛), steel(钢), iron(铁 ) 其他类：cake, ice, cheese, bread, rice, meat, salt(盐), salad, sugar 2、一般说来，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。但有特殊情况： Give me three coffees.(三杯咖啡) This is a delicious Californian wine.(一种酒) The boys was lost in the woods.(森林)物质名词(Material Nouns) 1、抽象名词是表达品质、观念、感情等抽象概念的名称。常见的抽象名词有： anger, beaut
7、y, confidence, courage, death, 2、少数可数的抽象名词。 decision(决定), feeling(感觉), idea(注意), thought(想法), lie(谎话) 3、抽象名词的常见词尾。 a. 以-ness结尾的抽象名词 darkness, illness, madness, sadness, happiness, kindness b. 以-ion结尾的抽象名词 decision, education, confusion, creation c. 以-y、-ty或-ity结尾的 抽象名词 beauty, honesty, modesty, loya
8、lty, quality, reality抽象名词(Abstract Nouns)名词的单复数1名词复数变化的规则形式名词复数变化的规则形式一、一般情况下Books, schools, eyes二、以s/x/ch/sh结尾Buses, boxes, watches, dishes三、以辅音字母辅音字母+y结尾Lady-ladies, baby-babies, *boy-boys(?)四、以f/fe结尾Leaf-leaves, life-lives, knife-knives五、以o结尾Tomatoes, potatoes, heroes, Negroes名词加名词加s后的读音变化后的读音变化在
9、元音和浊辅音后发/z/Boys, rooms, plays在清辅音后发/s/Books, cups, looks在/s/, /z/, /S/, /tS/, /dZ/后发/Iz/Glasses, roses, fishes, watches, ages名词的单复数2名词复数变化的不规则形式名词复数变化的不规则形式man-men(男人；人) woman-women(女人)tooth-teeth(牙齿)foot-feet(脚；足)goose-geese(鹅)child-children(小孩)mouse-mice(老鼠)单复数同形的情况单复数同形的情况sheep-sheep(绵羊)deer-deer
10、(鹿)fish-fish(鱼)关于某国人的名词复数关于某国人的名词复数Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-JapaneseEnglishman-Englishmen, Frenchman-FrenchmenRussians, *Germans变化规则变化规则例词例词一、单数情况下，直接加s.Jims, my brothers二、若名词已有复数词尾，则仅加.two hours walk三、若名词是复数但不以s结尾，加s. Childrens Day四、两人分别拥有，前后都要加s.Jims and Toms五、两人共同拥有，仅在后者加s.Lily and Lucys六、双重属格a
11、friend of my fathers, a friend of mine名词的所有格阳性名词阳性名词阴性名词阴性名词阳性名词阳性名词阴性名词阴性名词God神GoddessLion狮子LionessKing国王QueenTiger老虎TigressPrince王子PrincessBull公牛CowActor演员ActressCock公鸡HenWaiter服务员WaitressDrake公鸭DuckHost主人HostessDog狗BitchPoet诗人PoetessFox狐狸VixenWidower鳏夫WidowGander公鹅GooseHero英雄HeroineBoar公野猪SowGent
12、leman先生Lady Stallion 公马 Mare 名词的性1a man teachera woman teachera boy frienda girl frienda male guesta female guesta male monkeya female gorillaa he-goata she-wolf名词的性2英语中大多数的名词不分阴阳性，如果要表示性别，可以在名词前加man/woman/boy/girl/male/female/he/she等名词在句中的作用名词在句中的作用例句例句作主语 Knowledge is power.作宾语Have you finished ho
13、mework?作表语Smoking is my only weakness.作定语We bought a new color TV.作同位语You girls sit on this side.作呼语Moring, Helen.名词在句中的作用 1. Could you please make some _ for the old lady. A. room B. rooms 2. Is there any _ in the fridge? A. orange B. oranges 3. Some important news _ in todays newspaper. A. is B. are 4. The police _ looking for a lost boy. A. is B. are 5. There are three _ of _ on the wall. A. photos, potatoes B. photoes, potatos C. potatoes, photos 6. There are 20 _ in our school. A. man teacher B. men teachers C. men teacher D. man teachers链接中考