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1、 现代语言学试题答案及评分参考 第 1 页 （共 2 页） 绝密启用前 20224 00830. Directions：Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.（2%10=20%） 1. B 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. D
2、 10. C . Directions：Fill in the blank on the ANSWER SHEET in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. （1%10=10%） 11. sociolinguistics 12. Vibra
3、tion 13. free 14. competence 15. naming 16. hearer 17. Old 18. taboo 19. left 20. Behaviorist III. Directions：Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false on the ANSWER SHEET. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and
4、 then give the correct version.（2%10=20%） 21. F With his perfect knowledge of his own language, a speaker can still make mistakes in actual use, e.g., slips of the tongue, and unnecessary pauses. 22. T 23. F According to their position in the new word, affixes are divided into two kinds: prefixes an
5、d suffixes. 24. F According to Chomsky, UG is a system of linguistic knowledge of a normal human being. 25. T 26. T 27. F The history of English lexical expansion is characterized with heavy borrowing and word formation. 28. T 29. F 现代语言学试题答案及评分参考 第 2 页 （共 2 页） As far as the relation of language and
6、 thought is concerned, one may think without language. 30. T 【评分说明】T：判断正确 2 分。F：判断正确 1 分，错误纠正 1 分。 . Directions：Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate.（3%10=30%） 31. Psycholinguistics relates the study of language to psychology, which aims to answer such que
7、stions as how the human mind works when we use language, and how we as infants acquire our mother tongue. 32. A tone is a pitch variation, caused by the differing rates of vibration of vocal cords. 33. Morphology is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by w
8、hich words are formed. 34. Combinational rules are rules that group words or phrases to form grammatical sentences. 35. Antonymy refers to oppositeness of meaning. 36. Perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the effect of, or the change brought about by t
9、he utterance. 37. Synchronic linguistics refers to the approach which studies the variation in language in different places and among different groups at a given point in time. 38. Language planning means that certain authorities, such as government or government agency of a country, choose a partic
10、ular speech variety and spread the use of it, including its pronunciation and spelling systems, across regional boundaries. 39. Linguistic lateralization is the brains neurological specialization for language. 40. Language transfer refers to the phenomenon that learners will subconsciously use their
11、 L1 knowledge in learning a second language. 【评分说明】每小题答对得 3 分；解释意思相近，酌情给分。 . Directions：Answer the following questions.（10%2=20%） 41. The basic difference between a vowel and a consonant is that in the pronunciation of a vowel, the air that comes from the lungs meets with no obstruction of any kind
12、in the throat, the nose, or the mouth, while in that of a consonant it is obstructed in one way or another.（6 分） For example, when a stop d is pronounced, the total or complete obstruction is created by the speech organs; when the central vowel is pronounced, the air from the lungs meets with no obs
13、truction, with the central part of the tongue holding highest.（4 分） 42. Linguists have become increasingly aware of sociological triggers for language change. Radical socio-political changes such as wars, invasions, occupation, colonialization, and language planning and standardization policies lead to vigorous language changes.（8 分） A typical example in the history of English is the Norman Conquest, a military event that marked the dawning of the Middle English period.（2 分） 【评分说明】举例合理，适当给分；解释意思相近，酌情给分。