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1、人教课标人教课标 高一高一 必修必修 2 Unit 31) 现在完成时现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词过去分词)现在完成时现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用示确定的过去时间的状语连用, 如如: yesterday, two weeks ago, in 1978, when I got there 等等, 现在完成时常与现在完成时常与1. 两种时态两种时态already, always, often,
2、ever, never, yet, not.yet, just等不表示明确的时间副词等不表示明确的时间副词连用连用, 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带前的带since, for 的状语及包括现在在的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如内的词连用。如: now, today, this month, this year, recently, these few days 等。等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词，不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词，如：如：be, have, like, love, know, believe, hate等。等。 一般过去时则是表示过去某时发一般
3、过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况生的动作或情况, 与现在毫无关系。与现在毫无关系。2) 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 (have/has + been + 现现 在分词在分词)1) 一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态 (am/is/are + 过过 去分词）去分词） 如如: The work is done during two days.2) 一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态 (was/were + 过过去分词）去分词） 如如: He was sent to the hospital immediately after the accident.2. 七种被动语态形式七种
4、被动语态形式3) 一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态 (will/shall + be + 过去分词或过去分词或 + be going to + be + 过去分词过去分词) 如如: The work will be finished soon.4) 现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态 (is/am/are + being + 过去分词过去分词) 如如: The bridge is now being constructed.5) 现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态 (have/has +been + 过去分词）过去分词） 如如: The radio has been rep
5、aired when we phoned the shop.6) 带情态动词的被动语态带情态动词的被动语态 (情态动词情态动词 + be + 过去分词过去分词) 如如: This can be done in a few minutes.7) 动词不定式的被动式动词不定式的被动式 (to be + 过去分词过去分词) 如如: It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here. 例如：例如：1. The dirty clothes have been washed. 脏衣服都已经洗了。脏衣服都已经洗了。2. The plan has been stu
6、died by the experts for three times. 这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。3. The child has been taken care of by Grandma Wang all these years. 这些年来这些年来, 这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。现在完成时被动态：现在完成时被动态：have / has + been + 动词过去分词动词过去分词现在完成进行时：现在完成进行时：have / has + been + 动词现在分词动词现在分词 它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上它们的构成的区别在最后的
7、动词上, 被动态接的是过去分词形式被动态接的是过去分词形式, 现在完成现在完成进行时接的是现在分词形式。进行时接的是现在分词形式。1. 主语是行为动作的承受者。如：主语是行为动作的承受者。如： The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt. 张飞庙已经过重建。张飞庙已经过重建。2. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。 如如: The door has been locked. 门已经被锁上了。门已经被锁上了。3. 动作或状态始于过去动作或状态始于过去, 持续到现在持续到现在, 并可并可 能持续下去。如：能持续下去。如： He
8、 has been told about it for many times. 有人告诉他这事很多次了。有人告诉他这事很多次了。 （可能还会有人告诉他）（可能还会有人告诉他）（我或别人现在进不去）（我或别人现在进不去）4. 用在时间和条件状语从句中用在时间和条件状语从句中, 表示将来表示将来 某时已完成的动作。如：某时已完成的动作。如： Well start as soon as the work has been finished. 工作一完成我们就立即动身。工作一完成我们就立即动身。 1. 副词的位置副词的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly,
9、seldom等副词置于等副词置于have/has和和been中间。中间。如如: 误误 Such a man has been hardly believed. 正正 Such a man has hardly been believed.2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态并不是所有动词都有被动语态 1) 如：如：误误 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.正正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.2) 如：如： 误误 The door has been op
10、ened of itself. 正正 The door has opened of itself.3. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词 或副词。如：或副词。如： The SARS patients have been taken good care of.4. 一些特殊动词一些特殊动词, 如如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等等 构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与 表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达 相应的意思，相
11、应的意思， 则需改换动词或时态。则需改换动词或时态。 如：如： My brother has had(不能用不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. How long has this book been bought? How long ago was this book bought?(1) 如如: Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 (不知道电脑是谁偷的不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981
12、. 这本书出版于这本书出版于1981年。年。(2) 如如: The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。这本书是他写的。(1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。语。(2) 把谓语变成被动结构把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定时态来决定be的形式的形式)。(3) 把主动语态中的主语放
13、在介词把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作之后作宾语宾语, 将主格改为宾格。例如：将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.歌歌 诀诀宾变主宾变主, 主变宾主变宾, by 短语后面跟。短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动谓语动词变被动, be 后后“过分过分”来使来使用。用。4) 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的
14、一 个宾语变为主语，个宾语变为主语， 另一个保留不动。另一个保留不动。主动：主动：I have given him the key.被动：被动：He has been given the key.被动：被动：The key has been given (to) him.5) 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 只能只能 将宾语变为主语将宾语变为主语, 原来的宾补保留不原来的宾补保留不 动动, 改称主语补足语。改称主语补足语。主动：主动：I have asked her to help you.被动：被动：She has been asked to help you.U
15、nderline the use of the present perfect voice in the following poem. Then fill in the chart below.Look at the way your face has been washedLook at the way your hair has been combedLook at the way your shoes have been cleanedYoud better do them again.Look at the way the flowers have been plantedLook
16、at the way the grass has been cutLook at the way the paths have been sweptI hope that youll come here again.the way the flowers have been plantedthe way the grass has been cutthe way the paths have been sweptthe way your face has been washedthe way your hair has been combedthe way your shoes have be
17、en cleanedRead this poem aloud, paying attention to the rhythm and intonation. Then write your own poem.Look at the way _Look at the way _Look at the way _the table has been laidthe glasses have been placedthe food has been cookedYoud better do them again.possible poem:Look at the way _Look at the w
18、ay _Look at the way _your bed has been madeyour carpet has been sweptyour shoes have been tidiedI hope that youll come here again.1. In the last few years thousands of films _ all over the world. (天津天津2011)A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced从从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选四
19、个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。2. Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. (北京北京2011)A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted3. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _
20、before leaving their hometowns. (福建福建2010)A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised4. His sister left home in 1998, and _ since. (2009全国卷全国卷I)A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard ofC. had not heard of D. has not heard of5. I like these English songs and they _ man
21、y times on the radio. (安徽安徽2008)A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught6. Though we dont know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic _. (陕西陕西2008)A. had changed B. will change C. was changed D. has been changed7. I got caught in the rain and my suit _. (北京北京2007)A. has ruin
22、ed B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined1. They have finished the construction of the new railway lines by now.The construction of the new railway lines has been finished by them by now. 2. We have built a new library and a gymnasium in our school this year.A new library and a gymnasiu
23、m have been built in our school this year by us.3. The car factory has produced a great many fine cars since the technological revolution.A great many fine cars have been produced by the car factory since the technological revolution.4. They have made a plan to help the poor children in the poor area.A plan has been made by them to help the poor children in the poor area.5. The government has spent a lot of money on the Hope Project.A lot of money has been spent on the Hope Project by the government.