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1、1. experiencevt. 经历 Our country has experienced great changes in the past thirty years.n. 经验，体验(不可数) 经历，经历过的事(可数) Please tell us of your experiences while in Africa. She has no experience in cooking. experienced adj. 有经验的 Mr. Li is quite an experienced teacher.have experience in/atbe experienced in/
2、at 龙卷风是空中的雷暴延伸到地面产龙卷风是空中的雷暴延伸到地面产生的旋转的气柱。最强烈的风力每小时生的旋转的气柱。最强烈的风力每小时超过超过400400公里。几乎所有的龙卷风都发公里。几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国生在美国, ,从东南部的德克萨斯州直到从东南部的德克萨斯州直到北部的南达科他州。北部的南达科他州。 龙卷风能卷起汽车、火车甚至是房龙卷风能卷起汽车、火车甚至是房子，把它们卷到旁边的街道子，把它们卷到旁边的街道甚至能甚至能卷到邻近的城镇。它们能扯下猫背上的卷到邻近的城镇。它们能扯下猫背上的皮毛，拔掉鸡的羽毛。它们能毁掉房子，皮毛，拔掉鸡的羽毛。它们能毁掉房子，却把室内的家具留在原地。却
3、把室内的家具留在原地。 美国平均每年发生美国平均每年发生800次龙卷风，造成次龙卷风，造成大约大约80人死亡、人死亡、1,500人受伤。最恶劣人受伤。最恶劣的一场龙卷风发生在的一场龙卷风发生在1925年，波及到年，波及到了美国的三个州：密苏里州、伊利诺斯了美国的三个州：密苏里州、伊利诺斯州和印第安纳州。等到风停时，已有州和印第安纳州。等到风停时，已有700多人死亡，多人死亡，2,700多人受伤。多人受伤。 2. rotate vi. vt.旋转；自转 rotating adj.The earth rotates once a day.The earth rotates round the su
4、n.3. violent adj. 猛烈的，强烈的 a violent attack 猛烈的进攻A violent earthquake struck Tangshan in 1976. They had a violent quarrel.violence n. 猛烈，激烈，暴力4. nearly, almost 几乎当表示“接近”或“就要到了”时最好用nearly。当想表达“不足”或“差一点儿”时最好用almost。Hes only forty-one years old, and he has already been to nearly every country in the wor
5、ld.I almost fell down. 我差一点儿没跌倒。我差一点儿没跌倒。注：句中有no, none, nothing, never等词时，不可以用nearly，但可以用almost。5. occur v.发生发生 (occurred / occurring)The accident occurred at five oclock. Sth occurs to sbIt occurs to sb that 想起想起1.A brilliant idea occurred to me. 2.It suddenly occurred to her that Tom was afraid of
6、 being alone.happen, occur, take place1. happen “偶然或未能预见偶然或未能预见地发生地发生” to 1. The accident happened yesterday. 2. Someone in the street happened to know her.2. occur 正式用语正式用语, 所指的所指的时间和事件都比时间和事件都比 较确定较确定, 在以具体事物、事件作主语时在以具体事物、事件作主语时, 可可 与与happen互换互换 These events occurred in 1909.3. take place “事先事先计划或
7、预想到的计划或预想到的事发生事发生” The meeting took place at 8:00 as planned.6. pick up1. 捡起：拿起 Zhangliang picked up the shoes for the old man again. 2. 承载（客人，货物等），开车接The bus stopped to pick up the passengers.3. （无意中、偶然）学得（知识，技巧）He picked up French very quickly when he was traveling in France.4.接听,收听My radio can pi
8、ck up BBC English and VOA easily.5. 有所起色、好转、改善Were waiting until the weather picks up a bit.Under good treatment, Linda is beginning to pick up and will soon recover.7. put down1. 写下；记下写下；记下 Put down you name and address.2. 放下放下 Put those heavy bags down for a minute.8. take off1. 脱掉脱掉 2. 起飞起飞 3.去掉去
9、掉, ,除去除去; 4. 打折打折Parents are advised to take pressure off a child and give him some encouragement before an exam.They are taking 50% off all goods in that shop.The plane took off very smoothly though there was a terrible storm.When in Japan, you have to take your shoes off before you enter peoples h
10、ouses.9. leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.leave vt. 让让(继续处于某种状态继续处于某种状态),可以接形可以接形容词、副词、分词、介词短语等作补语容词、副词、分词、介词短语等作补语Leave the book on the desk.Leave the door open.Leave me alone.Dont leave him waiting outside in the rain.Im sorry I have left some of your questions unanswered.You should
11、 make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again. A. when B. whereC. then D. which10. average adj.平均的平均的, ,通常的通常的1.The average age of the students is 18.2.The car was sold at an average price of $10,000. vt.平均；求平均值平均；求平均值 If you average 7, 14 and 6, you get 9. on (an) average 平均起来平均起来, 一般说来
12、一般说来 On average, women live longer than men but men earn more than women.11. affect, effect, influence 影响影响1.affect vt.对对.产生不利影响产生不利影响Smoking affects health.2.effect n. have an effect onThe drug had an immediate effect on the pain.3.influence n. vt. 指指“对行动、思想、性对行动、思想、性格等产生潜移默化的影响格等产生潜移默化的影响”My teach
13、er influenced my decision to study science.Missouri 密苏里州Illinois 伊利诺斯州Indiana 印地安那州Maine 缅因州Texas 德克萨斯州South Dakota 南达科塔州Galveston 加尔维斯敦mizuri,Ilini(z)indinmeintekssdkutglvstn1.by the time 后接从句为后接从句为一般过去时一般过去时，主句动词用主句动词用过去完成时过去完成时By the end of last term, we had finished learning Book 2.2.by the time
14、 后接从句为后接从句为一般现在时一般现在时，主句动词用主句动词用将来完成时将来完成时The task will have been completed by the time you come back.12. by the time 到到的时候的时候 飓风是强烈的热带风暴飓风是强烈的热带风暴, ,通常发生在通常发生在南大西洋，加勒比海及墨西哥湾。强烈南大西洋，加勒比海及墨西哥湾。强烈的飓风其风速可达每小时的飓风其风速可达每小时120公里甚至公里甚至更多，并引发巨浪、暴雨和洪水。每年更多，并引发巨浪、暴雨和洪水。每年平均有六次大西洋飓风，通常会影响到平均有六次大西洋飓风，通常会影响到从得克萨斯
15、州到缅因州的美国东部海岸。从得克萨斯州到缅因州的美国东部海岸。最严重的一次飓风于最严重的一次飓风于1900年年9月月8日发日发生在生在Galveston。时速达。时速达200公里的狂公里的狂风和高达风和高达5米的巨浪袭击了加尔维斯顿米的巨浪袭击了加尔维斯顿城。灾难使城。灾难使37000人口中有人口中有6000人丧人丧生，生，3600栋大楼被摧毁。栋大楼被摧毁。13.beat, strike, hit(1) beatbeatbeaten 1) 接连地打接连地打/敲敲(某物某物); 猛击猛击(某人某人) Someone is beating a drum outside.We beat the e
16、nemy at last after the eight-year-long war.2) (比赛比赛, 竞赛竞赛, 战斗中战斗中)打败；战胜打败；战胜3) (心脏、脉搏心脏、脉搏) 跳动跳动His heart beat fast when the teacher called his name.1.He struck the table with his fist.2.The clock has just struck 5.3.The little girl struck a match.4.A good idea struck me. 5.He was struck with a bad
17、cold.6.It was not long before the typhoon struck again.7.They strike for better working conditions.(2) strike 打打, 击击; (钟钟)敲响敲响; 罢工罢工(课课,市市); (疾病疾病, 痛苦痛苦, 灾害等灾害等)侵袭侵袭(3) hit 打打, ,击击( (仅只一次的仅只一次的); ); 袭击；撞击袭击；撞击1.He hit the boy on the head/ in the face.2.He hit the bird with the first shot.3.The distr
18、ict was hit by a violent earthquake on November 30th.14. damage, destroy, ruin 破坏、毁坏damage n. v. 价值、用途降低或外表损坏等价值、用途降低或外表损坏等, ,不一定全部破坏不一定全部破坏, , 损坏了还可以修复损坏了还可以修复The heavy rain damaged many houses.destroy 彻底毁坏彻底毁坏, ,使之不复存在或无法修复使之不复存在或无法修复That town was destroyed in a big fire.ruin n. v.彻底破坏彻底破坏, ,表示毁坏某
19、种好的或有表示毁坏某种好的或有用的东西用的东西, ,使其失去有用的价值。使其失去有用的价值。The fire ruined the books in the library. in ruins 成为废墟，严重破坏成为废墟，严重破坏Irish n.爱尔兰人, 爱尔兰语, 爱尔兰Scottish n.苏格兰人Welsh n. 威尔士人，威尔士语English n. 英国人，英格兰人UKPrince Edward Island 爱德华王子岛爱德华王子岛Caribbean 加勒比海加勒比海 kribi(:) nedwd 这是关于这是关于1900年飓风侵袭加尔维斯敦时年飓风侵袭加尔维斯敦时发生的故事。发
20、生的故事。 查尔斯查尔斯科格伦是一位科格伦是一位19世纪移居加拿世纪移居加拿大的爱尔兰演员，后来搬到纽约并在那儿获大的爱尔兰演员，后来搬到纽约并在那儿获得了成功。得了成功。19世纪世纪90年代末，他迁居加尔维年代末，他迁居加尔维斯敦，于斯敦，于1899年，也就是飓风侵袭的前一年年，也就是飓风侵袭的前一年去世。科格伦的墓地被飓风摧毁，他的棺材去世。科格伦的墓地被飓风摧毁，他的棺材也被卷进茫茫大海而不知去向。也被卷进茫茫大海而不知去向。 八年后，渔民们在位于加拿大东部爱德八年后，渔民们在位于加拿大东部爱德华王子岛他家附近发现了他的棺材。墨西哥华王子岛他家附近发现了他的棺材。墨西哥湾流将它从美国的东
21、部沿海冲到了湾流将它从美国的东部沿海冲到了3,000公公里外的爱德华王子岛。埋葬于德克萨斯州的里外的爱德华王子岛。埋葬于德克萨斯州的查尔斯查尔斯科格伦又回到了加拿大。科格伦又回到了加拿大。15. end up 以以告终告终/ /结束结束 in (finally finally be in a particular place or situation) 结果结果 with (finish by doing or having)方式方式 doing sth1. The Long March ended up with victory.2. If you go on doing that kind
22、 of thing, youll end up in prison.3. Each time she argued with her husband she ended up crying her eyes out.4. We ended the dinner up with fruit and coffee.end n. 最后，结束，尽头最后，结束，尽头at the end of 在在末尾末尾/尽头尽头/结束时结束时by the end of 在在结束之前结束之前come to an end 结束结束in the end 最终，终于最终，终于Youre going on holiday at
23、 the end of this month, arent you?The work should be completed by the end of the year.There is a hospital at the end of this road.Choose the best answer:1.He stopped the car, _ the injured old man and sent him to the hospital. A. took up B. got up C. picked up D. put up2. You should make it a rule t
24、o leave things _ you can find them again. A. when B. where C. then D. which3. The car ran so fast that it _ on the wall at the corner. A. was driven B. strikes C. beat D. hit 4. While working in the countryside, the students _ a great deal of knowledge on plant life. A. looked up B. picked up C. put
25、 up D. called up5. The clock has just _ five. All the students should get up and do morning exercises. A. hitB. beaten C. struckD. knocked 6. John _ the thief _ the nose before he could draw out his knife. A. hit; in B. beat; on C. hit; on D. stricken; on 7. Under good treatment, Linda is beginning
26、to _ and will soon recover.A. pick upB. wake upC. grow upD. show up8. The precious picture was hopelessly _ by long exposure in the cold, damp air.A. damagedB. destroyedC. harmedD. ruined9. Four hundred people a year die of this disease _ average. A. above B. on C. about D. below10. At first they ha
27、ted each other, but they ended up _. A. got married B. getting married C. gotten married D. being married11. At the dinner, we started with soup and ended up _ fruit. A. with B. in C. for D. at12. While you are at home alone, please dont leave the door _. A. opened B. open C. opening D. to open1. Wh
28、at is a volcano?3. What may come out of a volcano when it erupts?2. Can you tell me the three types of volcanoes?It is an opening in the ground that reaches into the Earth.There are dead, sleeping and active volcanoes.Ash, steam, lava.Fill in the blanks with proper or phrase.1.Ash and lava _ (倾泻倾泻)
29、the mountain, _ (放火烧了放火烧了) hundreds of houses.2.Hundreds of housed _ (着火着火了了) when the lava reached them.3.We _ (设法使得设法使得) get half the population to another island.4.We _. (把火都扑灭了把火都扑灭了)5.When Mr. Smith got the message that his house _ (正被大火烧着正被大火烧着) , he rushed home as quickly as he could.poured d
30、ownsetting fire tocaught firemanaged toput all the fires outwas on fireStomboli _ in Italy has erupted. The _ occurred on Saturday and thankfully, no one was killed. The eruption blew the top off the volcano and sent _ and steam into the air. _ and rock from the eruption caused a huge _ when it reac
31、hed the sea. This turned over boats in the port and caused a _ in the village of Ginostra.ash eruption flood lavatidal wave volcanovolcanoeruptionashLavatidal waveflood旋转的旋转的_ 猛烈的猛烈的_飓飓 风风_ 龙卷风龙卷风_雷雷 暴暴_火火 山山_经经 历历_ 袭袭 击击_墓墓 地地_ 摧摧 毁毁_平平 均均_ 放放 下下_捡捡 起起_ 去去 掉掉_rotatingviolenthurricanetornadothunders
32、tormvolcanoexperiencehit/strikecemeterydestroyon averagepick uptake offput downWord-spelling:1. Thousands died in that natural d_.2. Smoking can c_ lung cancer.3. The river had burst its banks and f_ the valley.4. Tom never e_ some natural disasters.isasterauseloodedxperiencedFill in the blanks with proper words.5. We bought some _ (家具家具) to go with the new house.6. He was _ (埋葬埋葬) with his wife.7. When did the accident _ (发生发生)?8. Hurricane is a very _ (强烈强烈) wind or storm. furnitureburiedoccurviolent