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1、2021陕西职称英语考试真题卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1. 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 There is no good place to have a car crash - but some places are worse than others. In a foreign country, for instance, (1) to explain via cellphone that y
2、ou are upside down in a ditch when you cannot speak the local language can fatally delay the arrival of the emergency services. But an answer may be at hand. Researchers funded by the European Commission are beginning tests of a system called E-merge that (2) senses when a car has crashed and sends
3、a text message telling emergency services in the local language that the accident has taken place. The system was (3) by ERTICO, a transport research organization based in Brussels, Belgium. Cars are fitted with a cellphone-sized device attached (4) the underside of the dashboard which is activated
4、by the same sensor that triggers the airbag in a crash. The device (5) a cellphone circuit, a GPS positioning unit and a microphone and loudspeaker. It registers the severity of the crash by (6) the deceleration data from the airbags sensor. Using GPS information, it works out which ootmtry the Car
5、is in, and from this it determines (7) which language to compose an alert message detailing precise location of the accident. The device then automatically makes a call to the local emergency services (8) . If the cars occupants are conscious, they can communicate with the operator (9) the speaker a
6、nd microphone. E-merge also transmits the vehicles make, model, color and license number, and its heading when it crashed, which in rum indicates on which side of a multi-lane highway it ended up. This (10) the emergency services find the vehicle as soon as they arrive on the scene. We can waste a l
7、arge (11) time searching for an incident, says Jim Hammond, a (an) (12) in vehicle technology at the Association of Chief Police Officers in the UK. Tests will begin soon with police car fleets in the UK. Trials have already started in Germany, Sweden, Spain, the Netherlands and Italy. In-car system
8、s that summon the emergency services after a crash have (13) been fitted in some premium cars. ERTICO says that (14) EU states are willing to fund the necessary infrastructure, E-merge could be working by 2008. A study by French car maker Renault concluded that the system could save up to 6000 of th
9、e 40, 000 lives lost each year on Europes roads, and prevent a similar number of serious injuries. The Renault study estimates that fitting E-merge to every car in Europe would eventually save around 150 billion per (15) in terms of reduced costs to health services and insurance companies, and fewer
10、 lost working days. cellphone n.移动电话，手机 underside n. 下侧；底面 dashboard n. (车辆的)挡泥板; (汽车的)仪表板 sensor n. 传感器；敏感元件 airbag n. (安全)气囊 severity n.严重(性) deceleration n.减速 occupant n. 占有人,占用者 1. A. try B. tried C. trying D. having tried 2. A. automatically B. accidentally C. tremendously D. usually 3. A. chan
11、ged B. located C. developed D. copied 4. A. by B. up C. about D. to 5. A. forms B. is consisted of C. composed of D. includes 6. A. read B. reading C. reads D. being read 7. A. on B. in C. of D. at 8. A. car maker B. policeman C. doctor D. operator 9. A. via B. near C. by D. besides 10. A. assists B
12、. causes C. makes D. helps 11. A. number of B. deal of C. amount of D. volume of 12. A. writer B. reporter C. expert D. leader 13. A. already B. long ago C. long before D. shortly 14. A. although B. nevertheless C. however D. if 15. A. city B. year C. person D. country 2.下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项
13、。B第一篇/B(2002年理工A级阅读理解考题) BSpace-Age Archeology/B Its a strange partnership, but a very effective one: Satellites and space-shuttle-carried radar are helping archeologists. How By seeing through sand or through treetops to locate important archeological sites. The traditional tools for archeologists
14、are shovels and picks. But high technology is making the archeologists work and time far more productive. Take for example, the second 1981 flight of the Space Shuttle Challenger. During the mission, a powerful, experimental radar was pointed at a lifeless stretch of desert in Egypt called the Selim
15、a Sand Sheet(part of the Sahara Desert). To everyones surprise, the radar penetrated through the sand to the harder rock beneath. On the surface, there is a little indication that Africas Sahara Desert was never anything but a desert. When the archeologists studied the radar images, they saw what se
16、emed to be impossible: there was sand-buried landscape that was shaped by flowing water; traces of ancient riverbeds appeared to be over nine miles wide, far wider than most sections of the present-day Nile River. Today, the area is one of the hottest, driest desert in the world. Archeologists dug p
17、its along the old river banks and found clues to the past: stream-rounded pebbles (鹅卵石), Stone-Age axes, broken ostrich (鸵鸟) eggshells, and the shells of land snails. The archeologists were quite pleased with these findings. For years, theyd been finding stone axes scattered through the desert, and
18、couldnt understand why. Now we know that early humans were living on the banks of old rivers, and left their beautiful tools behind. Some are so sharp that you could shave with them. More recently, Landsat 4, a special earth-mapping satellite, aided in the discovery of ancient Mayan ruins in Mexico.
19、 Lansat can, with the help of false-color imagery, see through much of the area. Armed with these maps, a five-person expedition took to the air in a helicopter. By the end of the second day, the team found a stretch of walled fields that expedition members said look like old New England fences. The
20、y just go on, non-stop, for 40 miles. Later in the week, an ancient village was pinpointed, as was the lost city of Oxpemul, once found in the early 1930s but quickly reclaimed by the jungle. The findings made them able to map the extent of the Mayan civilization in about five days. Working on foot,
21、 it would have taken at least 100 years.With the help of the space-shuttle carried radar, archeologists found _. Aa new stretch of the Sahara desertBtraces of ancient riverbeds under the Sahara DesertCsome traditional archeological tools in the Sahara DesertDa mountain beneath the Sahara Desert 3. 阅
22、读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案填在相应的横线上。 Why do People Shrink Did you ever see the movie Honey, I shrunk the kids Its about a wacky dad (whos also a scientist) who accidentally shrinks his kids with his homemade miniaturizing invention. Oops! (1) For older people, s
23、hrinking isnt that dramatic or sudden at all. It takes place over years and may add up to only one inch or so off of their adult height (maybe a little more, maybe less), and this kind of shrinking cant be magically reversed, although there are things that can be done to stop it or slow it down. (2)
24、 There are a few reasons. As people get older, they generally lose some muscle and fat from their bodies as part of the natural aging process. Gravity (the force that keeps your feet on the ground) take hold, and the bones in the spine, called vertebrae, may break down or degenerate, and start to co
25、llapse into one another. (3) But perhaps the most common reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis occurs when too much spongy bone tissue (which is found inside of most bones) is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. (4) Bones become smaller and we
26、aker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured. Older peopleespecially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin withare more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis shrinks a little bit. Did you know that every day you do a sh
27、rinking act You arent as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. Thats because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed (squeezed) due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter. Dont worry, though. (5) A. They end up pressing closer together, which mak
28、es a person lose a little height and become shorter. B. Once you get a good nights rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, youre standing tall again. C. Over time, bone is said to be lost because its not being replaced. D. Luckily, there are things that people can do to prevent shrinking. E.
29、 The kids spend the rest of the movie as tiny people who are barely visible while trying to get back to their normal size. E But why does shrinking happen at all 4.下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。B第一篇/B(2002年理工A级阅读理解考题) BSpace-Age Archeology/B Its a strange partnership, but a very effective one: Satell
30、ites and space-shuttle-carried radar are helping archeologists. How By seeing through sand or through treetops to locate important archeological sites. The traditional tools for archeologists are shovels and picks. But high technology is making the archeologists work and time far more productive. Ta
31、ke for example, the second 1981 flight of the Space Shuttle Challenger. During the mission, a powerful, experimental radar was pointed at a lifeless stretch of desert in Egypt called the Selima Sand Sheet(part of the Sahara Desert). To everyones surprise, the radar penetrated through the sand to the
32、 harder rock beneath. On the surface, there is a little indication that Africas Sahara Desert was never anything but a desert. When the archeologists studied the radar images, they saw what seemed to be impossible: there was sand-buried landscape that was shaped by flowing water; traces of ancient r
33、iverbeds appeared to be over nine miles wide, far wider than most sections of the present-day Nile River. Today, the area is one of the hottest, driest desert in the world. Archeologists dug pits along the old river banks and found clues to the past: stream-rounded pebbles (鹅卵石), Stone-Age axes, bro
34、ken ostrich (鸵鸟) eggshells, and the shells of land snails. The archeologists were quite pleased with these findings. For years, theyd been finding stone axes scattered through the desert, and couldnt understand why. Now we know that early humans were living on the banks of old rivers, and left their
35、 beautiful tools behind. Some are so sharp that you could shave with them. More recently, Landsat 4, a special earth-mapping satellite, aided in the discovery of ancient Mayan ruins in Mexico. Lansat can, with the help of false-color imagery, see through much of the area. Armed with these maps, a fi
36、ve-person expedition took to the air in a helicopter. By the end of the second day, the team found a stretch of walled fields that expedition members said look like old New England fences. They just go on, non-stop, for 40 miles. Later in the week, an ancient village was pinpointed, as was the lost
37、city of Oxpemul, once found in the early 1930s but quickly reclaimed by the jungle. The findings made them able to map the extent of the Mayan civilization in about five days. Working on foot, it would have taken at least 100 years.Which of the following is true of the sand-buried landscape AIt was
38、an old avenue.BIt was an underground river.CIt was shaped by flowing river.DIt was shaped by the old Nile River. 5.B第三篇/B BNew Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus/B A high-profile attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus in a few patients continues to show promise. But researchers wont know for a year or mo
39、re whether it will work, scientist David Ho told journalists this Wednesday for the Fourth Conference in Viruses and Infections. This is a study thats in progress, says Ho, head of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York. The study involves 20 people who started combinations of anti-HIV dru
40、gs very early in the course of the disease, within 90 days of their infections. Theyve been treated for up to 18 months. Four others have dropped out because of side effects or problems complying with the exacting drug system. The drugs have knocked the AIDS virus down to undetectable levels in the
41、blood of all remaining patients. And, in the latest development, scientists have now tested lymph nodes and semen from a few patients and found no virus reproducing there, Ho says. Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent, Ho says. Ho has calculated that the drugs should be able to wipe
42、out remaining viruses at least from known reservoirs throughout the body in two to three years. But the only way to prove eradication would be to stop the drugs and see if the virus comes back. On Wednesday, Ho said he wouldnt ask any patient to consider that step before 2 years of treatment. And he
43、 emphasized that he is not urging widespread adoption of such early, aggressive treatment outside of trials. No one knows the long-term risks. But other scientists are looking at similar experiments. A federally funded study will put 300 patients on triple-drug treatments and then see if some respon
44、ding well after six months can continue to suppress the virus on just one or two drugs, says researcher Douglas Richman of the University of California, San Diego. Some patients in that study also may be offered the chance to stop therapy after 18 months or more, he says.Which is NOT true about the
45、study AThere are 20 patients involved in the study.BThe patients have used several anti-HIV drugs.CThe patients have been treated for up to 18 months.D16 patients did not go through the whole study. 6.B第二篇/B Scientists watched closely last spring as a haze of pollution, which had been tracked by sat
46、ellite as it crossed the Pacific Ocean, settled over a large swath of North America from Calgary, Canada, into Arizona. Now it appears that, for the first time, researchers on both sides of the Pacific took detailed measurements of the same plume, a cloud that contained Gobi desert dust as well as h
47、ydrocarbons from industrial pollution. Heather Price, a University of Washington doctoral student in chemistry, found that the amount of light reflected by the particles in the air was more than 550 percent greater than normal for that time of year. The mass of Asian air contained elevated levels of ail pollutants measured. Price said, but the only thing that came close to being alarming was the level of particulate matter. The haze that settled across the western part of the coun