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1、2021辽宁公共英语考试模拟卷（9）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and earn income. This definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment, so it includes employees a
2、nd the self-employed. Labor is one of the countrys resources which can be combined with other resources to produce the goods and services required by the community. Though the size of the workforce relies greatly on the size of the total population, there are several other aspects which also affect
3、it. The age distribution of the total population has a very marked effect on the available workforce. If the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old m work, then the available workforce would be lower than if there were an evenly spread age distribution. If the popu
4、lation grows rapidly from natural increase, i. e. the number of births greatly exceeds the number of deaths, then as a total population increase the proportion in the workforce declines. Sometimes a population is described as aging, which means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very s
5、lowly, and as people retire from the workforce there are inadequate numbers of young people entering it to take place of those who are leaving it. The population is top-heavy with older people. So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapid increase in bir
6、ths or a falling birth rate. The age distribution of the population has several important influences on the economy. If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the workforce, this raises the problem of
7、the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social services to the retired group. If the aged are to be cared for in special homes or hospitals, finance must be available for that purpose. If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total population, then the government tax
8、 receipts are relatively low and either the government has less money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily.The population which is top-heavy with older people poses a problem to _.Athe governmentBthe economyCthe workforceDall of the above 2. Text Every human being,
9、(26) what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is (27) dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the (28) problem how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilize (29) body heat, but the heat g
10、iven off by such objects (30) light bulbs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well (31) no conventional fuel is needed (32) the campuss six buildings comfortable. Some parts of most modern buildings, theatres and offices (33) classrooms are more than heated by people and lights and someti
11、mes must be air-conditioned and (34) in winter. The technique of (35) heat and redistributing it is (36) heat recovery. A few modern buildings recover (37) , but the universitys system is the first to recover heat (38) some buildings and reuse it in (39) . Along the way, Pitt has learned a great dea
12、l about some of its heal producers. The (40) a student studies, the more heat his body (41) . Male students emit more than (42) students, and the larger a student, the more heat his body (43) . It is tempting to (44) that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a (45) overweight male
13、genius.Afor exampleBlikeCofDas 3.Hardly a week goes by without some advance in technology that would have seemed incredible 50 years ago. And we can expect the rate of change to accelerate rather than slow down within our lifetime. The developments in technology are bound to have a dramatic effect o
14、n the future of work. By 2010, new technology will have revolutionized communications. People will be transmitting messages down telephone lines that previously would have been sent by post. Not only postmen but also clerks and secretaries will vanish in a paperfree society. All the routine tasks th
15、ey perform will be carried on a tiny silicon chip so that they will be as obsolete as the horse and cart after the invention of the motor car. One change will make thousands, if not millions, redundant. Even people in traditional professions, where expert knowledge has been the key, are unlikely to
16、escape the effects of new technology. Instead of going to a solicitor, you might go to a computer which is programmed with all the most up-to-date legal information. Doctors, too, will find that an electronic competitor will be able to carry out a much quicker and more accurate diagnosis and recomme
17、nd more efficient courses of treatment. In education, teachers will be largely replaced by teaching machines far more knowledgeable than any human being. Most learning will take place in the home via video conferencing. Children will still go to school though, until another place is created where th
18、ey can make friends anti develop social skills. What can we do to avoid the threat of unemployment We shouldnt hide our heads in the sand. Unions will try to stop change but they will be fighting a losing battle. People should get computer literate as this just might save them from professional exti
19、nction. After all, there will be a few jobs left in law, education and medicine for those few individuals who are capable of writing and programming the software of the future. Strangely enough, there will still be jobs like rubbish collection and cleaning as it is tough to programme tasks which are
20、 largely unpredictable.The writer expects that by 2010 new technology will have revolutionized communications and _.Abookshops will not existBthe present postal system will have disappearedCpeople will no longer send lettersDthe postmen will have been replaced by the motor cars 4.Hardly a week goes
21、by without some advance in technology that would have seemed incredible 50 years ago. And we can expect the rate of change to accelerate rather than slow down within our lifetime. The developments in technology are bound to have a dramatic effect on the future of work. By 2010, new technology will h
22、ave revolutionized communications. People will be transmitting messages down telephone lines that previously would have been sent by post. Not only postmen but also clerks and secretaries will vanish in a paperfree society. All the routine tasks they perform will be carried on a tiny silicon chip so
23、 that they will be as obsolete as the horse and cart after the invention of the motor car. One change will make thousands, if not millions, redundant. Even people in traditional professions, where expert knowledge has been the key, are unlikely to escape the effects of new technology. Instead of goi
24、ng to a solicitor, you might go to a computer which is programmed with all the most up-to-date legal information. Doctors, too, will find that an electronic competitor will be able to carry out a much quicker and more accurate diagnosis and recommend more efficient courses of treatment. In education
25、, teachers will be largely replaced by teaching machines far more knowledgeable than any human being. Most learning will take place in the home via video conferencing. Children will still go to school though, until another place is created where they can make friends anti develop social skills. What
26、 can we do to avoid the threat of unemployment We shouldnt hide our heads in the sand. Unions will try to stop change but they will be fighting a losing battle. People should get computer literate as this just might save them from professional extinction. After all, there will be a few jobs left in
27、law, education and medicine for those few individuals who are capable of writing and programming the software of the future. Strangely enough, there will still be jobs like rubbish collection and cleaning as it is tough to programme tasks which are largely unpredictable.From the passage, we can infe
28、r that _.Aprofessionals wont be affected by new technologyBdoctors wont be as efficient as computers in the futureCcomputers can not replace lawyers in the futureDexperts will know less in the future 5. Text Every human being, (26) what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is (27) dis
29、pose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the (28) problem how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilize (29) body heat, but the heat given off by such objects (30) light bulbs and refrigerators as well. The
30、system works so well (31) no conventional fuel is needed (32) the campuss six buildings comfortable. Some parts of most modern buildings, theatres and offices (33) classrooms are more than heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned and (34) in winter. The technique of (35) hea
31、t and redistributing it is (36) heat recovery. A few modern buildings recover (37) , but the universitys system is the first to recover heat (38) some buildings and reuse it in (39) . Along the way, Pitt has learned a great deal about some of its heal producers. The (40) a student studies, the more
32、heat his body (41) . Male students emit more than (42) students, and the larger a student, the more heat his body (43) . It is tempting to (44) that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a (45) overweight male genius.AwhichBthenCthatDtherefore 6. Text Every human being, (26) what he
33、 is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is (27) dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the (28) problem how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilize (29) body heat, but the heat given off by
34、such objects (30) light bulbs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well (31) no conventional fuel is needed (32) the campuss six buildings comfortable. Some parts of most modern buildings, theatres and offices (33) classrooms are more than heated by people and lights and sometimes must be
35、air-conditioned and (34) in winter. The technique of (35) heat and redistributing it is (36) heat recovery. A few modern buildings recover (37) , but the universitys system is the first to recover heat (38) some buildings and reuse it in (39) . Along the way, Pitt has learned a great deal about some
36、 of its heal producers. The (40) a student studies, the more heat his body (41) . Male students emit more than (42) students, and the larger a student, the more heat his body (43) . It is tempting to (44) that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a (45) overweight male genius.Amake
37、Bto be madeCto makeDmaking 7.Hardly a week goes by without some advance in technology that would have seemed incredible 50 years ago. And we can expect the rate of change to accelerate rather than slow down within our lifetime. The developments in technology are bound to have a dramatic effect on th
38、e future of work. By 2010, new technology will have revolutionized communications. People will be transmitting messages down telephone lines that previously would have been sent by post. Not only postmen but also clerks and secretaries will vanish in a paperfree society. All the routine tasks they p
39、erform will be carried on a tiny silicon chip so that they will be as obsolete as the horse and cart after the invention of the motor car. One change will make thousands, if not millions, redundant. Even people in traditional professions, where expert knowledge has been the key, are unlikely to esca
40、pe the effects of new technology. Instead of going to a solicitor, you might go to a computer which is programmed with all the most up-to-date legal information. Doctors, too, will find that an electronic competitor will be able to carry out a much quicker and more accurate diagnosis and recommend m
41、ore efficient courses of treatment. In education, teachers will be largely replaced by teaching machines far more knowledgeable than any human being. Most learning will take place in the home via video conferencing. Children will still go to school though, until another place is created where they c
42、an make friends anti develop social skills. What can we do to avoid the threat of unemployment We shouldnt hide our heads in the sand. Unions will try to stop change but they will be fighting a losing battle. People should get computer literate as this just might save them from professional extincti
43、on. After all, there will be a few jobs left in law, education and medicine for those few individuals who are capable of writing and programming the software of the future. Strangely enough, there will still be jobs like rubbish collection and cleaning as it is tough to programme tasks which are lar
44、gely unpredictable.The passage tells us that in the future _.Achildren will not be taught in schoolsBno teachers will be neededCteachers will be less knowledgeableDchildren will learn life skills at school 8. Text Every human being, (26) what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is (2
45、7) dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the (28) problem how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilize (29) body heat, but the heat given off by such objects (30) light bulbs and refrigerators as well
46、. The system works so well (31) no conventional fuel is needed (32) the campuss six buildings comfortable. Some parts of most modern buildings, theatres and offices (33) classrooms are more than heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned and (34) in winter. The technique of (3
47、5) heat and redistributing it is (36) heat recovery. A few modern buildings recover (37) , but the universitys system is the first to recover heat (38) some buildings and reuse it in (39) . Along the way, Pitt has learned a great deal about some of its heal producers. The (40) a student studies, the more heat his body (41) . Male students emit more than (42) students, and the larger a student, the more heat his body (43) . It is tempting to (44) that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a (45) overweight