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1、2022辽宁职称英语考试模拟卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.The Day a Language Died When Carios Westez died at the age of 76, a language died, too. Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the Native American language Catawba. Anyone wh
2、o wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations._ (46) They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone
3、 forever. We are all aware of the danger that modern industry can cause the worlds ecology(生态).However, few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerfu
4、l languages as well. As these languages become more powerful, their use as tools of business and culture increases. As well,_ (47) When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out. Scholars believe there are around 6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of
5、 them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples, Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults，so like Catawba，Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of ethiopia will have the same fate because eac
6、h one has only a few speakers. _ (48) In the Americas, 100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, are dying out. Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the danger of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and t
7、he language was not his mother tongue._ (49). The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead. What does it mean for the rest of us when a language disappears When a plant insect or animal species dies, it is ea
8、sy to understand what has been lost and to for the balance of the natural word. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language，like Red Thunder，must be a peculiarly lonely destiny, almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a
9、 dying species._ (50)A .As these languages become more powerful, their use as tools of business and culture increase.B .However，he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language.C .Papus New Guines is an extremely rich source of different language，
10、but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction(灭绝).D .For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.E .Some people might want to learn some of these songs by hearts.F .These languages dont have many native speakers. 2.第二篇
11、The Mir Space Station The Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space. The Soviet Union launc
12、hed Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to1 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 199
13、8, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each2. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles. The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, b
14、ut also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations. A debate continues over Mirs contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and earned scientific eq
15、uipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations.3 Experiments on Mir arc credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favouring human space exploration, Mir showed that peop
16、le could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay
17、was that of Shannon Lucid4, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996. Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir, In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power fa
18、ilures. Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mirs reputation as a space station was ruined. Mirs setbacks arc nothing, though5, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space explora
19、tion and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But its time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir.One of the contributions Mir makes to science is that, itAhelp astronau
20、ts get close to Mars.Benables scientists to develop new scientific equipment.Csets a record of the longest single human stay in space.Dshows that multinational operations in space are less expensive. 3.Climate Change : The Long Reach1 . Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. There s more carbon in
21、 the air, and Arctic iceis melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment tobetter gauge (评估) .Earths future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time .2 . People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning r
22、eleases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas . In the air , this gas traps heat at Earths surface . And the more carbon dioxidereleased , the more the planet warms . If current consumption of fossil fuels doesnt slow ,the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years-and be more severe than sci
23、entists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.3. Most climate-change studies look at whats going to happen in the next century or so .During that time, changes in the planets environment could nudge(推动) global warmi
24、ngeven higher. For example: Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt,sunlight can now reach- and warm the exposed ground . This extra heat raises the airtemperature even more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggerationof impacts is called a fast feedback.
25、4. Zeebe says its important to look at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, they re limited.From a climate change perspective, This century is the most important time for the nextfew generations, he told Science News “But the world is not ending in 2100”. For his newstudy. Zeebe how focuses on “slow fe
26、edbacks”. While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life - as they relocate to more comfortable areas - are two examples ofslow feedbacks.5. Zeebe gathered information from pre
27、viously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate. Thenhe came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 d
28、egree Celsius (8.1 degreeFahrenheit) change by the year 3000. But slow feedbacks added another 1.5 -for a 6 total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that slow feedback events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years afterpeople run out of fossil fuels to burn.Paragraph 4 _ 4.第
29、三篇 Approaches to Understanding Intelligences It bays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different. Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psych
30、ologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences . Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research
31、 that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests. Studies of t
32、he brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differe
33、nces in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain . Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldnt be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligen
34、ce exists, he doesnt think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these int
35、elligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences . Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain
36、damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has Identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, Interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic .Which of the following statements is true concerning ge
37、neral intelligenceAMost intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.BPeople doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.CIntelligent people do not do well on group tests.DIntelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests. 5.So Many Earths The Milky Way
38、 (银河) contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support lifethats the finding of a new study. It draws on date that came from NASAs topplanet-hunting telescope. A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service. Keplerhad played a big role in creating a census of
39、 planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its datahave been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy. Thetelescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth. The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy ofscienc
40、es,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars, with a mass andtemperature similar to the Sun, may host a planet that could support life as we know it. Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earths, but no more than twicethat big . The planet also would have to orbit in
41、a stars habitable zone. Thats where thesurface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid. The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes fromstudying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them. The scientists used those numbers to extrapo
42、late (推算) to the rest of the stars that thetelescope could not see . The estimate is rough, the authors admit. If applied to the solar system, it woulddefine as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as faraway as Mars. Neither planet is Earthlike (although either migh
43、t have been in the distantpast). Using tighter limits, the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100Sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world. These are ones that would take 200 to 400days to complete a yearly orbit. Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesnt sound like a big nu
44、mber. It would mean,however, that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with achange for life.The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 6.第一篇 Eye-tracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance Bored of using
45、a mouse Soon youll be able to change stuff on your computer screen and then move it directly onto your smartphone or tablet(平板电脑) with nothing more than a glance. A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking
46、on the screen. Gazing at an object a photo, say and then pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly. The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes n
47、aturally focus on content that we want to acquire, says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University, UK. Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smartphone or for sharing photos. A
48、 button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the Midas touch(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at, he says. Christian Holz, a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. EyeDrop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combin