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1、2021重庆职称英语考试模拟卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1. 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 BThe Ideal Husband/B Science now might be able to explain womens fascination with Brad Pitts face and George Clooneys eyes. Women seem toU (51) /Upotential mates by how ma
2、sculine their features are, new research shows. Men with square jaws and well-defined brow ridges are seen as good short-term partners,U (52) /Uthose with more feminine traits such as a rounder face and fuller lips are perceived as better long-term mates. In the study by Daniel Kruger at the USs Uni
3、versity of Michigan, 854 subjects viewed a series ofU (53) /Uhead shots that had been digitally changed to exaggerate or minimize masculine traits They thenU (54) /Uquestions about how they expected the men in the photos to behave. Most participants said that those with more masculine features wereU
4、 (55) /Uto be risky, competitive, and more apt to fight, challenge bosses, cheat on spouses and put less effort into parenting. Those with more feminineU (56) /Uwere seen as good parents and husbands, hard workers and emotionally supportive mates. But, despite all the negative characteristics, when
5、asked who they would choose for a short-term relationship, women selected the more masculineU (57) /Umen. Brad and George, both chiseled jaws and well-defined brows, then would be good for aU (58) /Uromance, not for something longer. The study was published in the December issue of the US journal Pe
6、rsonal Relationships. Kruger said that from an evolutionary perspective, thisU (59) /Usense. The key is testosterone, the hormone responsibleU (60) /Uthe development of masculine facial features and other sexual characteristics. It has been found to affect the bodys ability to fight disease: men wit
7、h high levels of the hormone are typicallyU (61) /Uand healthy-traits women want to pass on to their children. However, increased testosterone has also been linked toU (62) /Uand violence in relationships. So, these menU (63) /Uproduce high quality offspring, but they dont always make great parents
8、or faithful mates, Kruger says. The scientific community haveU (64) /Uskepticism toward physiognomy, which links facial characteristics to certain behavioural traits. But Kruger argues that the research is a valuable tool for understanding mating strategies. And, of course, for explaining why Tony L
9、eung and Takeshi Kanesshiro have millions of femaleU (65) /U. It might have to do with their genes. Or something to do with ours. AshownBtoldCstatedDsaid 2. 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 BThe Ideal Husband/B Science now might be able to explain womens fascination with Brad Pitts face and George
10、Clooneys eyes. Women seem toU (51) /Upotential mates by how masculine their features are, new research shows. Men with square jaws and well-defined brow ridges are seen as good short-term partners,U (52) /Uthose with more feminine traits such as a rounder face and fuller lips are perceived as better
11、 long-term mates. In the study by Daniel Kruger at the USs University of Michigan, 854 subjects viewed a series ofU (53) /Uhead shots that had been digitally changed to exaggerate or minimize masculine traits They thenU (54) /Uquestions about how they expected the men in the photos to behave. Most p
12、articipants said that those with more masculine features wereU (55) /Uto be risky, competitive, and more apt to fight, challenge bosses, cheat on spouses and put less effort into parenting. Those with more feminineU (56) /Uwere seen as good parents and husbands, hard workers and emotionally supporti
13、ve mates. But, despite all the negative characteristics, when asked who they would choose for a short-term relationship, women selected the more masculineU (57) /Umen. Brad and George, both chiseled jaws and well-defined brows, then would be good for aU (58) /Uromance, not for something longer. The
14、study was published in the December issue of the US journal Personal Relationships. Kruger said that from an evolutionary perspective, thisU (59) /Usense. The key is testosterone, the hormone responsibleU (60) /Uthe development of masculine facial features and other sexual characteristics. It has be
15、en found to affect the bodys ability to fight disease: men with high levels of the hormone are typicallyU (61) /Uand healthy-traits women want to pass on to their children. However, increased testosterone has also been linked toU (62) /Uand violence in relationships. So, these menU (63) /Uproduce hi
16、gh quality offspring, but they dont always make great parents or faithful mates, Kruger says. The scientific community haveU (64) /Uskepticism toward physiognomy, which links facial characteristics to certain behavioural traits. But Kruger argues that the research is a valuable tool for understandin
17、g mating strategies. And, of course, for explaining why Tony Leung and Takeshi Kanesshiro have millions of femaleU (65) /U. It might have to do with their genes. Or something to do with ours. AspousesBfansCpartnersDmates 3.Such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create t
18、he sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business.A. significantB. accurateC. acuteD. cruel 4.The Cold Places 5.The Problem Brought By Increasing Population 6.Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste 7.Wealth, Only Belo
19、nging to One Generation 8.Nuclear Energy 9.The Cold Places 10.The Problem Brought By Increasing Population 11.Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste 12.Wealth, Only Belonging to One Generation 13.Nuclear Energy 14.The Problem Brought By Increasing Population 15.Nu
20、clear Energy 16.The Cold Places 17.Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste 18.Wealth, Only Belonging to One Generation 19.Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste 20.The Cold Places 21.The Problem Brought By Increasing Population 2
21、2.Wealth, Only Belonging to One Generation 23.Nuclear Energy 24.The Cold Places 25.Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste 26.Wealth, Only Belonging to One Generation 27.Nuclear Energy 28.The Problem Brought By Increasing Population 29.The Cold Places 30.Nuclear En
22、ergy 31.The Cold Places 32.Nuclear Energy 33.Nuclear Energy 34.Nuclear Energy 35.Nuclear Energy 36.Nuclear Energy 37.Nuclear Energy 38.Nuclear Energy 39.Nuclear Energy 40.Nuclear Energy 41.Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency (免疫缺陷) virus (HIV), one of
23、mankind’s most feared viruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body’s immune (免疫的) defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients’ bodie
24、s, according to the ObserverA team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the world’s leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to begin clinical gene therapy (治疗
25、) trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have far wider applications.The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves maki
26、ng use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was shocking but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such a
27、s various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient’s body fails to work properly. In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics (遗传学) have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately, the body’s immune defenses have been know
28、n to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.The HIV virus has the ability to escape from, and then destroy, the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and th
29、is makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients’ bodies.FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans.()ARightBWrongCNot mentioned42.Electronic Teaching 43.Acceptance of Chronic Illness 44.Immune Functions 45.Using HIV Virus
30、 to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency (免疫缺陷) virus (HIV), one of mankind’s most feared viruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body’s
31、immune (免疫的) defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients’ bodies, according to the ObserverA team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the world’s leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started
32、negotiations with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to begin clinical gene therapy (治疗) trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have
33、 far wider applications.The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was shocking but the fierce nature o
34、f HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient’s body fails to work properly. In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics (遗传学) have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the ge
35、nes that do not function normally.Unfortunately, the body’s immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.The HIV virus has the ability
36、to escape from, and then destroy, the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients’ bodies.The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted.()ARightBWrongCNot
37、 mentioned46.Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is FoundThe World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of
38、TB, usually in their (51) . Two million people die (52) it. The disease has (53) with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to (54) a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop (55) they feel be
39、tter. Doing that can (56) to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how (57) it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study. Joshua Salomon s
40、ays a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients (58) . It would also mean (59) infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They (60) the model with current
41、TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might (61) about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these (62) would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, i
42、f a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The Word Health Organization (63) the DOTS program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make (64) they continue treatment.Earlier
43、 this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan m expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research (65) new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development says its long-term g
44、oal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.51（）A.kidneysB.lungsC.bonesD.livers47.Acceptance of Chronic Illness 48.Electronic Teaching 49.Immune Functions 50.Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency (免疫缺陷) virus (HIV), one of mankind’s m
45、ost feared viruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body’s immune (免疫的) defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients’ bodies, according to the ObserverA team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the world’s leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the