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1、完形填空完形填空解题技巧点拨及真题练习解题技巧点拨及真题练习技巧点拨技巧点拨1高考完形填空考什么高考完形填空考什么 完形填空主要考查考生完形填空主要考查考生对语篇意义的理对语篇意义的理解，对上下文意义关系的把握解，对上下文意义关系的把握。其空格只能。其空格只能是是名词、动词、形容词和副词名词、动词、形容词和副词这这4 4种实词。种实词。而以下四种情况，一般不考：而以下四种情况，一般不考： (1)(1)不考虚词。不考虚词。即不考即不考冠词、介词、连词、代冠词、介词、连词、代词词等虚词。等虚词。(2)(2)不考语法。不考语法。(3)(3)不考固定搭配。不考固定搭配。即不会考查只要你背熟固即不会考查
2、只要你背熟固定词组，无需理解短文意思，就可选出答案定词组，无需理解短文意思，就可选出答案的题。的题。(4)(4)不考词语辨析。不考词语辨析。一般说来，四个选项的意一般说来，四个选项的意义相差很大。老师要花十分钟八分钟来辨析，义相差很大。老师要花十分钟八分钟来辨析，但你依然不是十分清楚的那些同义词或近义但你依然不是十分清楚的那些同义词或近义词，在高考完形填空中，至今尚未同时出现词，在高考完形填空中，至今尚未同时出现在选项之中。在选项之中。模拟训练模拟训练 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的从各题所给的A、B、C和和D项中，选出项中，选出最佳选项。最佳选项。
3、When asked to point out one or two things that are most important to themselves, many put friends ahead of homes, jobs, clothes and cars. A true 1 carries along history of experience that determines who we are and keeps us connected. It is a treasure we should prove it. 2 , the better friends you ar
4、e, the more probably youll have disagreements. 1.A. success B. leadership C. friendship D. agreement2. A. Uncertainly B. Unfairly C. Luckily D. UnfortunatelyD因因“朋友越好越有分歧朋友越好越有分歧”，可见，这是，可见，这是“不幸不幸”的事。的事。C与前句中的与前句中的friends是同源复现。是同源复现。And the 3 can be what you dont want-an end to the relationship. The
5、good news is that most troubled friendships can be 4 . First, dont let your pride get in your way. 3. A. result B. connection C. relation D. experience4. A. mended B. gained C. proved D. continuedA因因troubled与与mend是同现，意思是是同现，意思是“最困扰的友谊也可以修最困扰的友谊也可以修补补”。A因因result与与end是近义复现，由是近义复现，由“结束结束”想到这是想到这是“结果结果”
6、了。了。Most of us can forgive each other when 5 are brought out in the open. Second, apologize when youre wrong even if youve been 6 . 5. A. secrets B. differences C. mistakes D. clothes6. A. admitted B. wronged C. fired D. beaten6. B因因wronged与下文中的与下文中的wronged是原词复现。指是原词复现。指“被冤枉被冤枉”。5. B因因differences与与d
7、isagreements近义复现。近义复现。Over the course of friendship, even the best people 7 mistakes. Sometimes, it may be best if the wronged person takes the lead and 8 . When you apologize, give your friend a 9 to admit that he has been wrong. 7. A. correct B. record C. admit D. make8. A. opens B. mends C. apolo
8、gizes D. considers9. A. chance B. gift C. car D. treasure9. A因因“承认错误承认错误”与与“机会机会”是同现。由常识也可知道，是同现。由常识也可知道，指给别人认错的指给别人认错的“机会机会”。7. D由上下文别人冤枉你，可知此处指由上下文别人冤枉你，可知此处指“犯错误犯错误”。8. C因因apologizes与下句中的与下句中的apologize是原词复现。是原词复现。Third, see things from your friends point of view. And 10 , accept that friendships
9、11 as our needs and lifestyles change. Making friends can sometimes seem 12 . 10. A. naturally B. finally C. possibly D. happily11. A. end B. begin C. change D. finish12. A. difficult B. loose C. upset D. easy11. C与本句末的与本句末的change是原词复现，句意是，是原词复现，句意是，“友谊也会友谊也会随着我们的需要和生活方式的改变而改变随着我们的需要和生活方式的改变而改变”。10.
10、 B因因finally与与first, second,third属同现。属同现。12. D与下文与下文hard是反义同现。意思是是反义同现。意思是: 交朋友有时似乎是交朋友有时似乎是容易的，难就难在将关系保持下去。容易的，难就难在将关系保持下去。The hard part is 13 the connections strong during the nature ups and downs that have an effect on all 14 . My suggestion: Consider friendship an honor and a gift， and worth the
11、effort to 15 and nurture. 13. A. developing B. improving C. keeping D. producing14. A. partners B. teenagers C. lifestyles D. relationships15. A. treasure B. recover C. swap D. concern13. C由常识可知是由常识可知是“保持关系保持关系”； 虽然也可说虽然也可说“发展关系发展关系”和和“改善关系改善关系”，但，但develop和和improve一般不需再接形容词作宾补一般不需再接形容词作宾补了。了。15. A因友
12、谊是荣誉和礼物，所以值得珍惜因友谊是荣誉和礼物，所以值得珍惜(treasure)和培和培养养(nurture)。treasure 是是nurture同现。同现。 14. D因因relationships与与connections是近义重现，都指是近义重现，都指“关系关系”。 高考完形填空怎么考高考完形填空怎么考 在保证语境充足的情况，将在保证语境充足的情况，将名词、动词、名词、动词、形容词和副词形容词和副词留空。四个选项必须是：留空。四个选项必须是： (1)(1)词类相同。词类相同。即四个选项要么都是名词即四个选项要么都是名词, , 要么要么都是动词都是动词, , 要么都是形容词要么都是形容词
13、, , 要么都是副词。要么都是副词。技巧点拨技巧点拨2(2)语法形式相同。语法形式相同。即四个选项即四个选项, 如果是动词如果是动词, 要么都是要么都是-ing形式形式, 要么都是要么都是-ed形式形式, 要么都要么都是原形是原形; 如果是名词如果是名词, 要么都是单数要么都是单数, 要么都要么都是复数是复数; 如果是形容词或副词如果是形容词或副词, 要么都是原级要么都是原级, 要么都是比较级要么都是比较级, 要么都是最高级。要么都是最高级。(3)正确选项的分布基本均等。正确选项的分布基本均等。即即A、B、C、D四个选项各自所占比例基本相同。如四个选项各自所占比例基本相同。如15个个小题小题,
14、 A、B、C、D各占各占34个。个。 (2010辽宁辽宁) When I first entered university,my aunt, who is an English professor, gaveme a new English-English dictionary. I was 1 to see that it was an English dictionary, alsoknown as a monolingual dictionary. 1.A. worried B. sad C. surprised D. nervous模拟训练模拟训练1.C通读全文可知通读全文可知, 作者
15、是一个中国大学生作者是一个中国大学生, 中国人学英语中国人学英语, 尤其是初学者习惯使用英汉词典。当作者看到英英词典的尤其是初学者习惯使用英汉词典。当作者看到英英词典的时候时候, 他感到他感到“吃惊吃惊”。Although it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners, none of my classmates had one but, to be honest, I found it extremely 2 to use at first. I would look up words in the dictionary and s
16、till not fully understand the meaning. 2. A. difficultB. interesting C. ambiguousD. practical2.A最初用英英词典最初用英英词典, 不习惯不习惯, 所以作者感觉用起来所以作者感觉用起来“很难很难”。I was used to the 3 bilingual dictionaries, in which the words are 4 both in English and Chinese. 3. A. new B. familiar C. earlier D. ordinary3.B固定搭配固定搭配be
17、 used to 表示表示“习惯习惯，对作者来说习惯，对作者来说习惯了双语词典，或者说是英汉词典。这里指双语词典的使用了双语词典，或者说是英汉词典。这里指双语词典的使用对他来说是熟悉的。对他来说是熟悉的。4. A. explainedB. expressed C. describedD. created4.A此句是一个此句是一个in which引导的定语从句，其中引导的定语从句，其中words是主是主语，根据常识在词典中单词的意思是被语，根据常识在词典中单词的意思是被“解释出来解释出来”的，的，所以用所以用explained.I really wondered why my aunt 5 to
18、 make things so difficult for me. Now, after studying English at university for three years, I 6 that monolingual dictionaries are 7 in learning a foreign language.5. A. offered B. agreed C. decided D. happened5.C我真想知道我姑妈为什么决定这么为难我。我真想知道我姑妈为什么决定这么为难我。6. A. imagine B. recommend C. predictD. understan
19、d6.D过去不理解过去不理解, 经过一段时间后经过一段时间后, 明白了明白了(understand)。7. A. natural B. better C. easier D. convenient7.B此句中此句中monolingual dictionaries和和bilingual dictionaries比较比较, A和和D项没用比较级项没用比较级, better强调更好强调更好, 更实用更实用, 而而easier则不可能。则不可能。As I found out, there is in fact often no perfect equivalence(相等相等)between two
20、8 in two languages. My aunt even goes so far as to 9 that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the 10 meaning of a word in English! 8. A. wordsB. namesC. ideas D. characters8.A词典上重点的内容应该是单词。词典上重点的内容应该是单词。9. A. hopeB. declareC. doubt D. tell9.B我姑妈甚至还声称汉语意思绝不能给出一个英语单词我姑妈甚至还声称汉语意思绝不能给出一个英语单词的确切意思。
21、的确切意思。10. A. exactB. basicC. translated D. expected 10.A前面的前面的a Chinese equivalent和和the meaning of a word in English对应，所表明还是对应不准确的问题，所以用对应，所表明还是对应不准确的问题，所以用exact。 11 , she insisted that I read the definition(定定义义)of a word in a monolingual dictionary when I wanted to get a better understanding of it
22、s meaning. 12 , I have come to see what she meant.11. A. RatherB. However C. ThereforeD. Instead11.C此空后面的句子和前面表示的是一种此空后面的句子和前面表示的是一种“因果因果”关系关系, 所以用所以用therefore。12. A. LargelyB. Generally C. GraduallyD. Probably12.C该句的谓语该句的谓语have come to see是表示是表示“变化过程变化过程”, 所所以用以用gradually表示表示“渐渐地渐渐地”。Using a monoli
23、ngual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way. This dictionary uses a 13 number of words, around 2, 000, in its definitions. 13. A. greatB. used C. totalD. limited13.D从后面的从后面的around 2, 000可知词典中用于解释词义的词可知词典中用于解释词义的词是限制在是限制在2, 000左右。左右。When I read these definitions, I am 14 expo
24、sed to(接触接触)the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas. 15 this, I can express myself more easily in English.14. A. repeatedlyB. nearly C. immediatelyD. anxiously14.A在有限的范围内，查阅阅读释义的话，就会反复接触在有限的范围内，查阅阅读释义的话，就会反复接触基本词汇、学会这些词汇是怎样解释事物和观点的，所基本词汇、学会这些词汇是怎样解释事物和观点的，所以用以用repeat
25、edly表示表示“反复地，经常地反复地，经常地”。 15. A. According toB. In relation to C. In addition toD. Because of15.D后面主句部分后面主句部分I can express myself more easily in English表达的是结果，此处表达的应该是原因，说明使表达的是结果，此处表达的应该是原因，说明使用这种词典所带来的好处。用这种词典所带来的好处。monolingual 只用一种语言的只用一种语言的object 物体；目标物体；目标bilingual 双语的双语的extremely 极其；非常极其；非常助读词
26、汇助读词汇解答完形的两大策略解答完形的两大策略 完形填空主要考查完形填空主要考查考生对语篇意义的考生对语篇意义的理解理解, , 对上下文意义关系的把握对上下文意义关系的把握。因此，。因此，解答完形填空题时解答完形填空题时, , 要从超出句子层面的要从超出句子层面的语篇意义入手语篇意义入手, , 注意上下文的逻辑关系注意上下文的逻辑关系。技巧点拨技巧点拨3 一个语篇一定是围绕某个话题进行的一个语篇一定是围绕某个话题进行的, 同同一话题就会有一些相关联的词语共同出现。一话题就会有一些相关联的词语共同出现。如一篇谈学校生活的文章如一篇谈学校生活的文章, 有可能共同出现的有可能共同出现的单词：有单词：
27、有teacher, classmate, student, classroom, library, laboratory, computer, score, maths, physics, study, desk, chair, holiday等等, 这种词汇共同出现的倾向性这种词汇共同出现的倾向性, 就叫就叫同现。同现关系包括反义关系和互补关系等。同现。同现关系包括反义关系和互补关系等。 作者为了阐述或强调某一概念，会将某一个作者为了阐述或强调某一概念，会将某一个单词的同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、同源单词的同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、同源词等在文章中重复出现词等在文章中重复出现, 这
28、种现象叫这种现象叫。如以下。如以下这篇完形填空的文章是讲朋友之间有分歧时如何这篇完形填空的文章是讲朋友之间有分歧时如何修复重归于好的修复重归于好的, 反复出现反复出现friends这个单词这个单词, 这叫这叫; 表示表示“分歧分歧”, 文章中用了文章中用了differences和和disagreements, 表示表示“关系关系”用了用了relationships和和connections, 这叫这叫；friend与与friendship叫叫。 解答完形填空时解答完形填空时, 在理解全文大意的基础上在理解全文大意的基础上, 利用同现和复现利用同现和复现, 有助于快速准确地选出正确选项。有助于快
29、速准确地选出正确选项。 (2009江西江西)Peter and Paul had a permission from their parents to camp in a field close to their farm. But, being adventurous boys, they knew it would be more 1 to camp in the woods that lay beyond the river. 1. A. surprisingB. exciting C. annoyingD. frightening1.B根据下句中的根据下句中的excitedly可知。可
30、知。模拟训练模拟训练Excitedly, the boys 2 with their tent and food. Carrying their heavy 3 , the two brothers walked along the riverbank, hardly noticing the distance or the sun beating down. 2. A. went round B. went back C. went away D. went though3. A. load B. torn C. food D. storage2.C只有只有go away 有有“出发出发”之
31、意。之意。3.A根据上一段的根据上一段的tent and food 可知选可知选load ,这里是这里是指所带的指所带的tent 与与food 等物品等物品, 概括了选项概括了选项B和和C。They were eager to reach their 4 before lunchtime. As they entered the cool, shadowy woods, they began to search for a suitable camping spot. 4. A. grassland B. destination C. field D. river4.B reach their
32、 destination 到达目的地到达目的地Peter wanted to 5 close to the river at the edge of the woods, but Paul, who was older, insisted that they camp further away. 5. A. liveB. lie C. waitD. stay5.D stay close to 靠近而居靠近而居, 相比相比stay 短暂居住短暂居住而言而言, live 是指长久的生活是不大可能的。是指长久的生活是不大可能的。 6 Peter followed his brother deeper
33、 into the 7 . “This really is a wonderful setting!” said Paul in excitement. 6. A. Unconsciously B. Unfortunately C. Unwillingly D. Uninterestingly6. C 从上句从上句but可知可知, 弟弟弟弟Peter 是想住在河边是想住在河边, 但哥但哥哥哥Paul并不同意并不同意, 所以只好所以只好unwillingly “不情愿不情愿”地地跟在后面。跟在后面。7. A. woods B. farm C. setting D. camp7. A 从前面的一句
34、从前面的一句woods 可知。可知。 They 8 the tent, and settled down to eat the sandwiches they had made, then decided to find their way back to the 9 to catch some fish. “Are you sure that this is the right 10 ?” 8. A. put off B. put on C. put down D. put up9. A. river B. hill C. sea D. pond10. A. place B. mark C.
35、 way D. time whispered Peter shakily. “Im sure we passed that hollow tree just a while ago.” Paul walked on silently. “Look, there it is again. Were lost, arent we?” complained Peter. Paul had to admit that he didnt know where they were. After all, they were a long distance from where they were 11 t
36、o be. 11. A. discoveredB. encouraged C. persuadedD. supposed11.D be supposed to“应该，理应应该，理应”。They were not even 12 of where they had set up their camp. They set in 13 for a few minutes until Peter had a bright idea. “Why dont we look for clues(线索线索)the way trackers 14 in the movies? 12. A. afraid B.
37、sure C. informedD. reminded13. A. enjoymentB. satisfaction C. disappointmentD. imagination14. A. appear B. do C. work D. behaveWe werent careful about how we walked, so Im sure we would have left behind some broken tree branches and leaves. ”Carefully, the boys 15 the marks that they had left, until
38、 finally they found their campsite. 15. A. fetchedB. watched C. followedD. collected15. C 顺着他们留下的痕迹走。顺着他们留下的痕迹走。follow“跟跟随随”。Hurriedly, they packed their belongings and set off in the direction of the river.What would their parents think of their adventure?助读词汇助读词汇permission 允许允许 adventurous 爱冒险的爱冒险
39、的shadowy 有阴影的有阴影的 hollow 空心的空心的complain 抱怨抱怨 trackers 追踪者追踪者shakily 摇动着摇动着 belongings 财产财产 解答完形的三项原则解答完形的三项原则 解答完形填空应遵循以下三项基本原则。解答完形填空应遵循以下三项基本原则。1. 1.上下求索上下求索寻信息。寻信息。 这是因为有的空格的答案信息点在空格这是因为有的空格的答案信息点在空格前，有的在空格后前，有的在空格后, , 有的在前文和后文都有有的在前文和后文都有出现，需要综合起来考虑或起相互印证的效出现，需要综合起来考虑或起相互印证的效果。如：果。如： 技巧点拨技巧点拨4Th
40、e school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors, 27 who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on later. (2010广东广东)27. A. parentsB. students C. teachersD. drivers解析：解析： 由下文与之并列的由下文与之并列的and students who were getting on sho
41、uld get on .可知可知, 只能选只能选B (students)。2.左顾右盼左顾右盼找搭配。找搭配。 答题时答题时, 眼睛不能只盯在空格上眼睛不能只盯在空格上, 或或盯在一个句子上盯在一个句子上, 一定要一定要“左顾右盼左顾右盼”, 弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。如：弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。如： On April 12, 1888, Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper 21 his brother for him and .(2009广东广东)21. A. foundB. m
42、isunderstood C. mistookD. judged解析：解析：四个选项中四个选项中, 能与后面能与后面for搭配的搭配的, 只有只有mistook; 即即mistake A for B (将将A误以为误以为B)。3. 3.思前想后思前想后通全文。通全文。 有时，若单独看空格处或空格所在句，有时，若单独看空格处或空格所在句，其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填入格中都没其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填入格中都没有语法错误，句子也通顺，但结合全文内容有语法错误，句子也通顺，但结合全文内容来理解，就只有一个是最佳答案了。因此，来理解，就只有一个是最佳答案了。因此，选择答案时，一定要考虑到此选项不但
43、在本选择答案时，一定要考虑到此选项不但在本句中合符语境，而且要在全文中也讲得通，句中合符语境，而且要在全文中也讲得通，即贯通全文。如：即贯通全文。如： Nobel arranged in his will to .give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel Prizes, which would be awarded to people .who made great 29 to the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences.29. A. additionsB. sac
44、rifices C. changesD. contributions解析解析: 若单独看空格处若单独看空格处, 选项选项B、C、D都可以填都可以填, 从文章内从文章内容或常识来看容或常识来看, 诺贝尔奖金应当是奖给那些为世界和平、诺贝尔奖金应当是奖给那些为世界和平、文学和科学等领域文学和科学等领域“作出过巨大贡献作出过巨大贡献”的人的人, 故只能选故只能选D。(2010陕西陕西)I used to live selfishly, I should admit. But one moment changed me.I was on my lunch break and had 1 the off
45、ice to get something to eat. 1. A. leftB. cleaned C. preparedD. searched1.A由本句中的由本句中的to get something to eat及后文内容可知及后文内容可知, 作作者者“离开离开”了办公室外出了。了办公室外出了。模拟训练模拟训练On the way, I 2 a busker (街头艺人街头艺人), with a hat in front of him. I had some 3 in my pocket, but I would not give them to him， thinking to myse
46、lf he would only use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol. 2. A. led B. chose C. saw D. fooled2.C由末段中由末段中I saw the busker again可提到启示。可提到启示。3. A. chocolates B. coins C. tins D. drugs3.B根据空后的根据空后的in my pocket可以推断出。可以推断出。He 4 like that type-young and ragged. But what was I going to spend
47、 the money on? Only to feed my addiction to Coca-Cola or chocolate! I then 5 I had no right to place myself above him just because he was busking.4. A. acted B. looked C. sounded D. smelt4.B根据本句中的根据本句中的young and ragged可以推断出所填词和可以推断出所填词和like构成搭配构成搭配, 意思是：看起来像。意思是：看起来像。5. A. declared B. realized C. ex
48、pected D. guessed5.B句意是：后来我意识到我不能把我置于他之上句意是：后来我意识到我不能把我置于他之上, 因为因为他在街头卖艺。他在街头卖艺。I 6 and dropped all the coins into his 7 , and he smiled at me, I watched for a while.6. A. waited B. followed C. stopped D. arrived6.C由后文的由后文的dropped和和walked off可以推断出此处可以推断出此处所填词意思是：停下来。所填词意思是：停下来。7. A. rag B. hat C. po
49、cket D. counter7.B由前文的由前文的with a hat in front of him可知。可知。As 8 as it sounds, I expected something more to come from that moment a feeling of 9 or satisfaction, for example.8. A. selfish B. awkward C. innocent D. special8. A根据文章首句可知。根据文章首句可知。9.A. happiness B. sadness C. love D. hate9. A所填词与所填词与satisf
50、action并列并列, 意思应该相近意思应该相近, 由此由此可以推断出。可以推断出。But nothing happened. 10 , I walked off. “It proved to be a waste of 11 ，”I thought.10. A. Disappointedly B. Unfortunately C. Coincidentally D. Comfortably10.A根据前一句根据前一句But nothing happened可知此处选可知此处选A, 意思是：失望地。意思是：失望地。11. A. words B. effort C. space D. money