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1、2022陕西公共英语考试真题卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.BPart A/BBDirections:/B IYou will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You w
2、ill have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE. Now look at question 1./IWhat will the woman doAGo to the airport anyway.BMake a new reservation at the hotel.CTake another plane.DGo there by train instead. 2.IQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the following dialogu
3、e./IWhat is the relationship between the man and the woman in the dialogueAReporter and fashion designer.BHusband and wife.CShop assistant and customer.DTeacher and student. 3.IQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the following monologue/IWhen did he win the Nobel Peace PrizeA1968.B1918.C1964.D1946. 4.At
4、 what time did the basketball match start last SaturdayAAt 8:45.BAt 9:15.CAt 8:15.DAt 9:45. 5.What has the man bought for his wifeATennis shoes.BSome clothes.CNothing yet.DMusic records. 6.Why did the woman talk to the professorAShe wants him to recommend books.BShe wants to apply to graduate study.
5、CShe wants to take an advanced course.DShe wants him to give her a good grade. 7.Where does the conversation most probably take placeAIn a library.BIn a department store.CIn a drug store.DIn a video rental store. 8.What can actually motivate workers according to Frederick HerzbergAJob security.BGood
6、 labor relations.CChallenging work.DAttractive wages and benefits. 9.What does the story tell us about the old womanAShe was found stealing in a bookstore.BShe caught someone in the act of stealing.CShe admitted having stolen something.DShe said she was wrongly accused of stealing. 10.The conception
7、 of poverty and what to (26) about it have changed over the decades. Under Social Darwinism the lazy and the (27) were supposed to be at the bottom of the economic ladder as a result of the law of (28) of the fittest. Society was (29) as a network of self-sufficient families which provided for their
8、 own. (30) persons outside a household (orphans, the (31) elderly, and the crippled) were provided outdoor relief grudgingly and as a temporary expedient. Although it was (32) that the poor will always be with us, the individual was expected to improve himself (33) acts of his own will. Charity was
9、thought to be the (34) of idleness. By keeping wages low, labourers would be (35) to work harder. At about the turn of the century, the beginning of concern about natural (36) brought uneasiness about the possible spread of beggary. There was a potentially dangerous class in (37) of disease and diso
10、rder. The poor were (38) as different from paupers. Paupers were individuals well (39) to being on the low end of the socioeconomic (40) . Without shame or bitterness, they would not seek independence and a (41) life. For the mountaineers, the subsistence dwellers, and some slum dwellers, the lack o
11、f wealth, (42) has been argued, reflects a preference not to pay the psychological costs of the struggle for the riches or of adopting the middle-class work ethic of surviving. In (43) , the worthy poor struggled to (44) their lot against circumstances beyond their control: low wages, sickness, indu
12、strial (45) , widowhood and so on.AfindBdoCworkDdeal 11.Identical twins are a perfect test case for theories of personality development. If a theory cant explain the differences between identical twins, then it cannot explain environmental effects on personality. Even identical twins brought up in t
13、he same home have different personalities. Take Ladan and Laleh Bijani from Iran. They were identical twins who had spent their entire 29 years joined at the head. And yet, Ladan, the more outspoken of the pair, told journalists, We are two completely separate individuals. We have different world vi
14、ews. We have different lifestyles. We think very differently about issues. Why did Ladan and Laleh have different personalities Self-organized systems in insects can provide us with some ideas. A colony of ants, for example, can be seen as a self-organized systern. No supervisor tells the ants what
15、to do, and yet all the jobs get done. The system works in such a way that if one ant carries out a particular job, it becomes less likely that another ant will attempt that job because it no longer needs doing. The result is what economists call division of labor. Self-organization also produces div
16、ision of labor in human groups. Each individual looks for something to specialize in, his or her own suitable position in the group. If one position is occupied, the individual will seek another. This process increases the differences even between identical twins, because once theyve chosen differen
17、t specialties, a circular mechanism causes small initial differences between them to widen. Although identical twins look very much alike, people who know them well will distinguish between them. They might, for example, address more questions and comments to one twin than the other perhaps by chanc
18、e first. But the consequence is that the twin who is addressed more often will do more talking than the other twin, which will cause people who know them to address still more of their questions and comments to that twin. The result, over time, will be one outspoken twin and one quieter one like Lad
19、an and Laleh Bijani.According to the writer we learn that identical twins _.Adiffer in personalityBdiffer in appearanceChave the same lifestyleDhave the same outlook 12.What did the man meanAHe never does assignments early.BHe has finished it.CHell finish it in a few minutes.DHell finish it in a few
20、 hours. 13.What does the man say about JudyAHes surprised she chose that agency.BHe wonders why shes still kept her job.CHe doesnt know when her classes started.DHe doubts she makes much money now. 14.At what stage is the woman in her studiesAShe is a junior.BShe is a senior.CShe is a graduate stude
21、nt.DShe is a teaching assistant. 15.Urban life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its motivating force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition and competition is stressful; it is often most intense in the la
22、rgest cities, where opportunities are greatest. The presence of huge numbers of people inevitably involves more conflict, more traveling, the overloading of public services and exposure to those deviants and criminals who are drawn to the rich pickings of great cities. Crime has always flourished in
23、 the relative anonymity of urban life, but todays ease of movement makes its control more difficult than ever; there is much evidence that its extent has a direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers may become trapped in their homes by the fear of crime around them. As a defence a
24、gainst these developments, city dwellers tend to use various strategies to try and reduce the pressures upon themselves: contacts with other people are generally made brief and impersonal; doors are kept locked; telephone numbers may be ex-directory; journeys outside the home are usually hurried, ra
25、ther than a source of pleasure. There are other strategies, too, which are positively harmful to the individuals, for example, reducing awareness through drugs or alcohol. Furthermore, all these defensive forms of behavior are harmful to society in general; they cause widespread loneliness and destr
26、oy the communitys concern for its members. Lack of informal social contact and indifference to the misfortunes of others, if they are not personally known to oneself, are amongst the major causes of urban crime. Inner areas of cities tend to be abandoned by the more successful and left to those who
27、have done badly in the competitive struggle or who belong to minority groups; these people are then geographically trapped because so much economic activity has migrated to the suburbs and beyond. Present day architecture and planning have enormously worsened the human problems of urban life. Old es
28、tablished neighborhoods have been ruthlessly swept away, by both public and private organizations, usually to be replaced by huge, ugly, impersonal structures. People have been forced to leave their familiar homes, usually to be rehoused in tower blocks which are drab, inconvenient, and fail to prov
29、ide any setting for human interaction or support. This destruction of established social structures is the worst possible approach to the difficulties of living in a town or city. Instead, every effort should be made to conserve the human scale of the enviroment, and to retain familiar landmarks.Acc
30、ording to the author, living in a city causes stress because there are so many people who are _.Ain need of helpBnaturally aggressiveClikely to commit crimeDanxious to succeed 16.How much does it cost for the new movieA$2.00.B$2.50.C$3.50.D$5.00. 17.What was said to have been stolenAA book.B$ 3000.C
31、A handbag.DA Christmas card. 18.What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer eraAMany tedious jobs continue to be done manually.BMore and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.CComputers will change the nature of many jobs.DBoring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable. 19.The conception of p
32、overty and what to (26) about it have changed over the decades. Under Social Darwinism the lazy and the (27) were supposed to be at the bottom of the economic ladder as a result of the law of (28) of the fittest. Society was (29) as a network of self-sufficient families which provided for their own.
33、 (30) persons outside a household (orphans, the (31) elderly, and the crippled) were provided outdoor relief grudgingly and as a temporary expedient. Although it was (32) that the poor will always be with us, the individual was expected to improve himself (33) acts of his own will. Charity was thoug
34、ht to be the (34) of idleness. By keeping wages low, labourers would be (35) to work harder. At about the turn of the century, the beginning of concern about natural (36) brought uneasiness about the possible spread of beggary. There was a potentially dangerous class in (37) of disease and disorder.
35、 The poor were (38) as different from paupers. Paupers were individuals well (39) to being on the low end of the socioeconomic (40) . Without shame or bitterness, they would not seek independence and a (41) life. For the mountaineers, the subsistence dwellers, and some slum dwellers, the lack of wea
36、lth, (42) has been argued, reflects a preference not to pay the psychological costs of the struggle for the riches or of adopting the middle-class work ethic of surviving. In (43) , the worthy poor struggled to (44) their lot against circumstances beyond their control: low wages, sickness, industria
37、l (45) , widowhood and so on.AinefficientBinvalidCineffectiveDinaccessible 20.Identical twins are a perfect test case for theories of personality development. If a theory cant explain the differences between identical twins, then it cannot explain environmental effects on personality. Even identical
38、 twins brought up in the same home have different personalities. Take Ladan and Laleh Bijani from Iran. They were identical twins who had spent their entire 29 years joined at the head. And yet, Ladan, the more outspoken of the pair, told journalists, We are two completely separate individuals. We h
39、ave different world views. We have different lifestyles. We think very differently about issues. Why did Ladan and Laleh have different personalities Self-organized systems in insects can provide us with some ideas. A colony of ants, for example, can be seen as a self-organized systern. No superviso
40、r tells the ants what to do, and yet all the jobs get done. The system works in such a way that if one ant carries out a particular job, it becomes less likely that another ant will attempt that job because it no longer needs doing. The result is what economists call division of labor. Self-organiza
41、tion also produces division of labor in human groups. Each individual looks for something to specialize in, his or her own suitable position in the group. If one position is occupied, the individual will seek another. This process increases the differences even between identical twins, because once
42、theyve chosen different specialties, a circular mechanism causes small initial differences between them to widen. Although identical twins look very much alike, people who know them well will distinguish between them. They might, for example, address more questions and comments to one twin than the
43、other perhaps by chance first. But the consequence is that the twin who is addressed more often will do more talking than the other twin, which will cause people who know them to address still more of their questions and comments to that twin. The result, over time, will be one outspoken twin and on
44、e quieter one like Ladan and Laleh Bijani.The ant colony is perceived to be self-organized because _.Aeach ant has the duty to help others on a jobBeach ant instinctively fulfills a different taskCa particular group of ants does a particular jobDa leading ant monitors the work of working ants 21.Wha
45、t does the woman meanAHed better speak to her at once.BHe can have a long talk with her.CHe must wait for a long time.DHe can talk to her a few minutes later. 22.What is the professors first reply to the womans requestAHe does not intend to offer the course.BHe does not think the course will interes
46、t her.CHe never accepts undergraduates in his course.DHe thinks the course will be too difficult for her. 23.What did the woman doAShe got a new job.BShe asked the man to help her.CShe helped the man.DShe did nothing. 24.Urban life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its motivating force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition and competition is stressful; it is often most intense in the largest cities, where opportunities ar