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1、2022湖南职称英语考试真题卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Black Holes Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate.A black hole in the universe is not a solid object,like a planet,but it is shaped like a sphere (球体).Astronomers(天文学
2、家)think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite(无限的)density(稠密).This single point is called a singularity (奇点).If the singularity theory is correct,it means that when a massive star collapses,all the material in it disappears into the singularity.The center
3、of a black hole would not really be a hole at all,but an infinitely dense point.Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by its great gravity. Although black holes do exist,they are difficult to observe.These are the reasons. No light or anything else comes out of black holes.As a result,th
4、ey are invisible to a telescope. In astronomical terms,black holes are truly.For example,a black hole formed by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon(视界)only 18 miles across. The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth.One light year is about 6 trillion(
5、万亿)miles.Even the most powerful telescopes could not pick out an object so small at such a great distance. In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist.There are still answers to be found,however,so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the universe.The Hubble Spa
6、ce Telescope helps scientists to understand the nature of the universe.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 2.Farmers Markets Charlotte Hollins knows she faces a battle.The 23-year-old British farmer and her 21-year-old brother Ben are fighting to save the farm from developers that their father worked on sinc
7、e he was 14.(46) “You dont often get a day off.Supermarkets put a lot of pressure on farmers to keep prices down.With fewer people working on fams it can be isolating,”she said.“There is a high rate of suicide and farming will never make you rich!” Oliver Robinson,25,grew up on a farm in Yorkshire.(
8、47)“Im sure dad hoped Id stay,”he said.“I guess its a nice,straightforward life,but it doesnt appeal.For young,ambitious people,farm life would be a hard world.”For Robinson,farming doesnt offer much“in terms of money or lifestyle.”Hollins agrees that economics stops people from pursuing farming rew
9、ards:“providing for a vital human need,while working outdoors with nature.” Farming is a big political issue in the UK.(48)The 2001 foot and mouth crisis closed thousands of farms,stopped meat exports,and raised public consciousness of troubles in UK farming. Jamie Olivers 2005 campaign to get child
10、ren to eat healthily also highlighted the issue.This national concern spells(带来)hope for farmers competing with powerful supermarkets.(49) “I started going to Farmers Markets in direct defiance(蔑视)of the big supermarkets.(50)Its terrible,”said Londoner Michael Samson. A.But he never considered stayi
11、ng on his father and grandfathers land. B.While most people buy food from the big supermarkets,hundreds of independent Farmers Markets are becoming popular. C.While confident they will succeed,she lists farmings many challenges: D.Young people prefer to live in cities. E.I seriously objected to the
12、super-sizing of everything-what exactly DO they put on our apples to make them so big and red F.“Buy British”campaigns urge(鼓励)consumers not to buy cheaper imported foods. 3.An Intelligent Car Driving needs sharp eyes,keen ears,quick brain,and coordination(协调)between hands and the brain.Many human d
13、rivers have all(51)and can control a fast-moving car.But how does an intelligent car control itself There is a virtual(虚拟的)driver in the smart car.This virtual driver has“eyes,”“brains,”“hands”and“feet,”too.The minicameras(52)each side of the car are his“eyes,”which(53)the road conditions ahead of i
14、t.They watch the(54)to the cars left and right.There is also a highly automatic driving(55)in the car.It is the built-in computer,which is the virtual drivers“brain.”His“brain”(56)the speeds of other moving cars near it and analyzes their positions.Basing on this information,it chooses the(57)path f
15、or the intelligent car,and gives instructions to the “hands”and“feet”to act accordingly.In this way,the virtual driver(58)his car. What is the virtual drivers best advantage He reacts(59).The minicameras are bringing(60)continuously to the “brain.”It completes the processing of the images within 100
16、 milliseconds.(61),the worlds best driver needs at least one second to react.Besides,when he takes(62),he needs one more second. The virtual driver is really wonderful.He can reduce the accident(63)considerably on expressways(高速公路).In this(64),can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any pla
17、ce Experts(65)that we cannot do that just yet.His ability to recognize things is still limited.He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.ApoliceBtrafficCpetsDtrees 4.第二篇Good Table Manners Manners play an important part in making a favorable impression at the dinner table.Here are some
18、general rules: Napkin(餐巾)use The meal begins when the host unfolds his or her napkin.This is your signal to do the same,so place your napkin on your lap.Unfold it completely if it is a small napkin,or in half,lengthwise(纵向地),if it is a large dinner napkin. If you need to leave the table during the m
19、eal,place your napkin on your chair as a signal to your server that you will be returning.Once the meal is over,place your napkin neatly on the table to the right of your dinner plate.Do not refold it. Use a napkin only for your mouth.Never use it for your nose,face or forehead. Use of utensils(餐具)
20、Start with the knife,fork or spoon furthest from your plate,and work your way in,using one utensil for each course. If soup is served,remember to spoon away from yoursefl.This helps stop the drips.Do not put the entire soup spoon in your mouth.Instead,fill a soup spoon about 75 per cent with soup,an
21、d sip(啜饮)it from the side noiselessly. After finishing dinner,place the knife and fork parallel to one another across the plate with the knife alade facing inward toward the plate. Using your fingers Heres a list of finger foods:sandwiches,cookies,small fruits or berries with stems,French fries and
22、potato chips,and hamburgers. Chew(咀嚼)with your mouth closed and dont make noise;dont talk with your mouth full. Bread must be broken with your hands.It is never cut with a knife. Dont pick something out of your teeth.Instead,excuse yourself to the bathroom. If possible,try not to cough at the table.
23、 Do not put your elbows(肘)on the table.In France,it is essential to have both hands above the table at the same time. Do not put bones or anything else on the table.Things that are not eaten should be put on your plate.Which of the following shows good table mannersATalking with your mouth full.BPut
24、ting bones on your plate.CPutting your elbows on the table.DChewing with your month open. 5.An Intelligent Car Driving needs sharp eyes,keen ears,quick brain,and coordination(协调)between hands and the brain.Many human drivers have all(51)and can control a fast-moving car.But how does an intelligent c
25、ar control itself There is a virtual(虚拟的)driver in the smart car.This virtual driver has“eyes,”“brains,”“hands”and“feet,”too.The minicameras(52)each side of the car are his“eyes,”which(53)the road conditions ahead of it.They watch the(54)to the cars left and right.There is also a highly automatic dr
26、iving(55)in the car.It is the built-in computer,which is the virtual drivers“brain.”His“brain”(56)the speeds of other moving cars near it and analyzes their positions.Basing on this information,it chooses the(57)path for the intelligent car,and gives instructions to the “hands”and“feet”to act accord
27、ingly.In this way,the virtual driver(58)his car. What is the virtual drivers best advantage He reacts(59).The minicameras are bringing(60)continuously to the “brain.”It completes the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds.(61),the worlds best driver needs at least one second to react.Besid
28、es,when he takes(62),he needs one more second. The virtual driver is really wonderful.He can reduce the accident(63)considerably on expressways(高速公路).In this(64),can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place Experts(65)that we cannot do that just yet.His ability to recognize things is s
29、till limited.He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.AbuttonBdoorCsystemDactivity 6.An Intelligent Car Driving needs sharp eyes,keen ears,quick brain,and coordination(协调)between hands and the brain.Many human drivers have all(51)and can control a fast-moving car.But how does an intel
30、ligent car control itself There is a virtual(虚拟的)driver in the smart car.This virtual driver has“eyes,”“brains,”“hands”and“feet,”too.The minicameras(52)each side of the car are his“eyes,”which(53)the road conditions ahead of it.They watch the(54)to the cars left and right.There is also a highly auto
31、matic driving(55)in the car.It is the built-in computer,which is the virtual drivers“brain.”His“brain”(56)the speeds of other moving cars near it and analyzes their positions.Basing on this information,it chooses the(57)path for the intelligent car,and gives instructions to the “hands”and“feet”to ac
32、t accordingly.In this way,the virtual driver(58)his car. What is the virtual drivers best advantage He reacts(59).The minicameras are bringing(60)continuously to the “brain.”It completes the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds.(61),the worlds best driver needs at least one second to rea
33、ct.Besides,when he takes(62),he needs one more second. The virtual driver is really wonderful.He can reduce the accident(63)considerably on expressways(高速公路).In this(64),can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place Experts(65)that we cannot do that just yet.His ability to recognize thi
34、ngs is still limited.He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.AcalculatesBreachesCgathersDreduces 7.An Intelligent Car Driving needs sharp eyes,keen ears,quick brain,and coordination(协调)between hands and the brain.Many human drivers have all(51)and can control a fast-moving car.But ho
35、w does an intelligent car control itself There is a virtual(虚拟的)driver in the smart car.This virtual driver has“eyes,”“brains,”“hands”and“feet,”too.The minicameras(52)each side of the car are his“eyes,”which(53)the road conditions ahead of it.They watch the(54)to the cars left and right.There is als
36、o a highly automatic driving(55)in the car.It is the built-in computer,which is the virtual drivers“brain.”His“brain”(56)the speeds of other moving cars near it and analyzes their positions.Basing on this information,it chooses the(57)path for the intelligent car,and gives instructions to the “hands
37、”and“feet”to act accordingly.In this way,the virtual driver(58)his car. What is the virtual drivers best advantage He reacts(59).The minicameras are bringing(60)continuously to the “brain.”It completes the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds.(61),the worlds best driver needs at least on
38、e second to react.Besides,when he takes(62),he needs one more second. The virtual driver is really wonderful.He can reduce the accident(63)considerably on expressways(高速公路).In this(64),can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place Experts(65)that we cannot do that just yet.His ability t
39、o recognize things is still limited.He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.AdifferentBnarrowCsameDright 8.An Intelligent Car Driving needs sharp eyes,keen ears,quick brain,and coordination(协调)between hands and the brain.Many human drivers have all(51)and can control a fast-moving ca
40、r.But how does an intelligent car control itself There is a virtual(虚拟的)driver in the smart car.This virtual driver has“eyes,”“brains,”“hands”and“feet,”too.The minicameras(52)each side of the car are his“eyes,”which(53)the road conditions ahead of it.They watch the(54)to the cars left and right.Ther
41、e is also a highly automatic driving(55)in the car.It is the built-in computer,which is the virtual drivers“brain.”His“brain”(56)the speeds of other moving cars near it and analyzes their positions.Basing on this information,it chooses the(57)path for the intelligent car,and gives instructions to th
42、e “hands”and“feet”to act accordingly.In this way,the virtual driver(58)his car. What is the virtual drivers best advantage He reacts(59).The minicameras are bringing(60)continuously to the “brain.”It completes the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds.(61),the worlds best driver needs at
43、least one second to react.Besides,when he takes(62),he needs one more second. The virtual driver is really wonderful.He can reduce the accident(63)considerably on expressways(高速公路).In this(64),can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place Experts(65)that we cannot do that just yet.His a
44、bility to recognize things is still limited.He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.AstopsBfindsCcontrolsDselects 9.An Intelligent Car Driving needs sharp eyes,keen ears,quick brain,and coordination(协调)between hands and the brain.Many human drivers have all(51)and can control a fast-
45、moving car.But how does an intelligent car control itself There is a virtual(虚拟的)driver in the smart car.This virtual driver has“eyes,”“brains,”“hands”and“feet,”too.The minicameras(52)each side of the car are his“eyes,”which(53)the road conditions ahead of it.They watch the(54)to the cars left and r
46、ight.There is also a highly automatic driving(55)in the car.It is the built-in computer,which is the virtual drivers“brain.”His“brain”(56)the speeds of other moving cars near it and analyzes their positions.Basing on this information,it chooses the(57)path for the intelligent car,and gives instructi
47、ons to the “hands”and“feet”to act accordingly.In this way,the virtual driver(58)his car. What is the virtual drivers best advantage He reacts(59).The minicameras are bringing(60)continuously to the “brain.”It completes the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds.(61),the worlds best driver
48、needs at least one second to react.Besides,when he takes(62),he needs one more second. The virtual driver is really wonderful.He can reduce the accident(63)considerably on expressways(高速公路).In this(64),can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place Experts(65)that we cannot do that just yet.His ability to recognize things is still limited.He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.AquicklyBcleverlyCvirtuallyDsafely 10.An Intell