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1、2022甘肃职称英语考试模拟卷（5）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Changes of Womens Role 2.Changes of Womens Role 3.Changes of Womens Role 4.Changes of Womens Role 5.Changes of Womens Role 6.Changes of Womens Role 7.Changes of Womens Role 8.Changes of Womens Role 9.Change
2、s of Womens Role 10.There is less crime now; it seems that there is a (fall) in the crime rate.AdecreaseBinclineCdefeatDslope 11.She (undertakes) to verify the true source of the rumor.AtriesBdecidesCpromisesDrefuses. 12.If the population keeps on growing, there will eventually not be enough resourc
3、es left to (support) life on the earth.AdetainBcontinueCcontainDmaintain 13.I (reserve) the right to disagree.AdeserveBkeepCperceiveDnotice 14.The land crab, a forest-floor scavenger native to tropical America, migrates to the water to (breed).AdieBswimCmateDhatch 15.She couldnt (judge) distances.Aa
4、rbitrateBdiscoverCfindDdetermine 16.Through a procedure known as time-sharing, one large computer can be employed (simultaneously) by lots of small users.Aahead of timeBall the timeCat the same timeDin time 17.Many economists have given in to the fatal (lure) of mathematics.AerrorBfunctionCattractio
5、nDmiracle 18.Icy roads and poor visibility are familiar (hazards) in the Midwest.AchargesBconditionsCweatherDdangers 19.Please let me know if any problems (arise).AbecomeBoccurCcomeDfind 20.The train stopped (abruptly), making us wonder where we were.Aall of a suddenBfastCquicklyDslowly 21.They join
6、ed the army (willingly).AintentionallyBconsciouslyCvoluntarilyDreluctantly 22.The (current) edition of that magazine discusses the ancient civilization of Latin America.AfirstBlatestColdDspecial 23.Mary had sold her bike, taken a driving (test) and bought a car.AexaminationBquizCexerciseDcheck 24.Sh
7、e (purchased) a ticket and went up on the top deck.AtookBboughtCshowedDmade 25.Cancer1. Cancer, which may arise from any type of cell and in any body tissue, is not a single disease but a large number of diseases classified according to the tissue and type of cell of origin. Several hundred such cla
8、sses exist, constituting three major subtypes; sarcomas, carcinomas, leukemias and lymphomas.2. A number of factors produce cancer in a proportion of exposed individuals. Among these factors are heredity, viruses, ionizing(离子)radiation, chemicals, and alterations in the immune system. For a long tim
9、e these various factors seemed to work in different ways, but now researchers are studying how they might interact.3. More than 1,350,000 new cases of cancer occur in the United States each year. It is the second leading cause of death in the nation, accounting for about 550,000 deaths annually. The
10、 incidence of cancer varies enormously among different geographic areas. The age-adjusted death rate from all cancers in males is 310. 9 per 100,000 in Luxembourg (the highest) as Compared to 37. 5 in El Salvador (the lowest). For women it is 175.2 in Denmark and 48.7 in El Salvador. The figures for
11、 the United States are 216. 6 per 100,000 men and 136.5 per 100,000 women.4. The principal approach to curing cancer is to remove all of the malignant (恶性的) cells by a surgical operation. In the past this meant the removal of all of the involved tissue and as much tumors, notably cancer of the breas
12、t, this is not always necessary. However, it may help to relieve symptoms.5. The most important preventive measure in controlling cancer is stopping tobacco use, which is the cause of 30 percent of all deaths from cancer. A large reduction might follow better diet: optimal (适当的)calorie intake to avo
13、id obesity (肥胖), reduction of calories form fat to 20 percent of the diet, reduction of redmeat intake, and increased intake of dietary fiber and protective foods.A. Causes of cancerB. Types of cancerC. Control cancerD. The attitude faced to cancerE. Mortality Rate from cancerF. Treating cancer by s
14、urgeryParagraph 2 26.Optimistic Prognosis Most doctors are too optimistic in predicting how long dying patients have to live, and this has a negative effect on the care they receive in their final days, American researchers said Friday. A study by scientists at the University of Chicago Medical Cent
15、er in Illinois showed that of the survival estimates for 486 terminally ill patients given by 343 doctors, _(46). _ (47). And in some cases doctors predicted patients had five time longer to live than proved to be the case. Doctors are inaccurate in their prognoses (预后) for terminally ill patients a
16、nd the error is systematically optimistic, professor Nicholas Christakis and Dr Elizabeth Lamont said in a report in The British Medical Journal. The researchers added that doctors who knew their patients best were more likely to get it wrong. _(48) ,the type of systematic bias toward optimism that
17、we have found in doctors objective prognostic assessments may be adversely(不利地)affecting patient care, the researchers added. Instead of receiving three months of hospice care, which is considered to be the ideal,_(49 ). Patients who thought they had longer to live also opted for more aggressive tre
18、atment instead of palliative (治标的)care, the report said. The researcher suggested doctors should get second opinions from colleagues_( 50 ) , before giving a prognosis. Reliable prognostic information is a key determinant in both doctors and patients decision making, they said.A. many patients recei
19、ved only one months care because of the optimistic prognosis.B. Although some error is unavoidable.C. a lot of patients are eager to leave the hospital.D. only 20 percent were accurate.E. Particularly if they know a patient well.F. Sixty three percent of the predictions overestimated the time patien
20、ts had left. 27.Global Warming and Technological changes Recent studies have identified four major global environmental risks: acid rain, ozone depletion, deforestation and the greenhouse effect. On the whole, thanks to technological changes, people now tend to move toward warmer regions in North Am
21、erica and Europe. Climate warming will probably be a boon to Alaska, which is Americas least productive state in Gross National Product(GNP)per square mile. Studies of the impact of global warming on the United States and other developed regions find that the most vulnerable areas are those dependen
22、t on unmanaged ecosystemson naturally occurring rainfall, run-off and temperatures, and the extremes of these variables. Agriculture, forestry and coastal activities fall into this category. Most economic activity in industrialized countries, however, depends very little on the climate. Intensive-ca
23、re units of hospitals, communications, heavy manufacturing and microelectronics are among the sectors likely to be unaffected by climatic change. In selecting whether to set up in, say, Hong Kong or in Warsaw, few businesses will consider temperature a weighty factor. Greenhouse warming would have l
24、ittle effect on Americas national output. About 3% of American GNP originates in climate sensitive sectors such as farming and forestry. Another 10% comes from sectors only modestly sensitive-energy, water systems, property and construction. For the largest share, 87% , comes from sectors, including
25、 most services, that are negligibly affected by climate change.The article is talking about the acid rain.ARightBWrongCNot Mentioned 28.Cancer1. Cancer, which may arise from any type of cell and in any body tissue, is not a single disease but a large number of diseases classified according to the ti
26、ssue and type of cell of origin. Several hundred such classes exist, constituting three major subtypes; sarcomas, carcinomas, leukemias and lymphomas.2. A number of factors produce cancer in a proportion of exposed individuals. Among these factors are heredity, viruses, ionizing(离子)radiation, chemic
27、als, and alterations in the immune system. For a long time these various factors seemed to work in different ways, but now researchers are studying how they might interact.3. More than 1,350,000 new cases of cancer occur in the United States each year. It is the second leading cause of death in the
28、nation, accounting for about 550,000 deaths annually. The incidence of cancer varies enormously among different geographic areas. The age-adjusted death rate from all cancers in males is 310. 9 per 100,000 in Luxembourg (the highest) as Compared to 37. 5 in El Salvador (the lowest). For women it is
29、175.2 in Denmark and 48.7 in El Salvador. The figures for the United States are 216. 6 per 100,000 men and 136.5 per 100,000 women.4. The principal approach to curing cancer is to remove all of the malignant (恶性的) cells by a surgical operation. In the past this meant the removal of all of the involv
30、ed tissue and as much tumors, notably cancer of the breast, this is not always necessary. However, it may help to relieve symptoms.5. The most important preventive measure in controlling cancer is stopping tobacco use, which is the cause of 30 percent of all deaths from cancer. A large reduction mig
31、ht follow better diet: optimal (适当的)calorie intake to avoid obesity (肥胖), reduction of calories form fat to 20 percent of the diet, reduction of redmeat intake, and increased intake of dietary fiber and protective foods.A. Causes of cancerB. Types of cancerC. Control cancerD. The attitude faced to c
32、ancerE. Mortality Rate from cancerF. Treating cancer by surgeryParagraph 3 29.The Gene Industry Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes in the automobile to monitor exhaust and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that
33、 will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls metalhungry microbes that might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water. They have already demanded and won the right to patent new lifeforms. Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry that there is corp
34、orate, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, but of microbe spills that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is on
35、ly one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the imagination. Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain
36、Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous work for us Should we attempt to eliminate inferior people and breed a super-race ( Hitler tried this, but without the genet
37、ic weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories. ) Should we produce soldiers to do our fighting Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate unfit babies Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a savings bank full of spare kidney, livers or hands Wild
38、 as these notions may sound, every one has its advocates (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God Broad Scale genetic engineering will probab
39、ly be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created.According to the pas
40、sage, the exhaust from a car engine could probably be checked by_.Ausing metal-hungry microbes .Bmaking use of enzymes.Cadjusting the engine.Dpatenting new life forms. 30.Optimistic Prognosis Most doctors are too optimistic in predicting how long dying patients have to live, and this has a negative
41、effect on the care they receive in their final days, American researchers said Friday. A study by scientists at the University of Chicago Medical Center in Illinois showed that of the survival estimates for 486 terminally ill patients given by 343 doctors, _(46). _ (47). And in some cases doctors pr
42、edicted patients had five time longer to live than proved to be the case. Doctors are inaccurate in their prognoses (预后) for terminally ill patients and the error is systematically optimistic, professor Nicholas Christakis and Dr Elizabeth Lamont said in a report in The British Medical Journal. The
43、researchers added that doctors who knew their patients best were more likely to get it wrong. _(48) ,the type of systematic bias toward optimism that we have found in doctors objective prognostic assessments may be adversely(不利地)affecting patient care, the researchers added. Instead of receiving thr
44、ee months of hospice care, which is considered to be the ideal,_(49 ). Patients who thought they had longer to live also opted for more aggressive treatment instead of palliative (治标的)care, the report said. The researcher suggested doctors should get second opinions from colleagues_( 50 ) , before g
45、iving a prognosis. Reliable prognostic information is a key determinant in both doctors and patients decision making, they said.A. many patients received only one months care because of the optimistic prognosis.B. Although some error is unavoidable.C. a lot of patients are eager to leave the hospita
46、l.D. only 20 percent were accurate.E. Particularly if they know a patient well.F. Sixty three percent of the predictions overestimated the time patients had left. 31.Male and Female pilots cause accidents differently Male pilots flying general aviation(private)aircraft in the United States are more likely to crash due to inattention or flawed decision, making, while female pilots are more likely to crash from mishandling the aircraft. These are the results of a study by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloo