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1、2022考研英语考试真题卷（3）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Text 4There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents. More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars .or light trucks and each of
2、 these is driven an average of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one- half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration ( BAC ) of 0. I percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to atta
3、in these levels. One third of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer than 4 percent of all drivers, demonstrate these levels. Although less than 1 percent of drives with BACs of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashed, the probability of their involvements is 27 times higher than for th
4、ose without alcohol in their blood. There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which drinking plays a role. Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of the country’s population, it has been suggested that higher t
5、axes on alcohol would reduce both. While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most, anyone who drinks at all would be punished by this approach.To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at drinking drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to request bre
6、ath tests of drivers committing any traffic offense and higher BAC can be basis for arrest. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates, however, that even with increased arrests, there are about 700 violations for every arrest. At this level there is little evidence that laws are e
7、ffective ways to reduce drunk driving. In Britain, motor vehicle accidents fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of he Road Safety Act in 1967. As Britishers increasingly recognized that they could drink and not be stopped, the effectiveness declined, although in the following three y
8、ears the death-rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act.Whether penalties for driving with a high BAC or excessive taxation on consumption of alcoholic drink will deter the excessive drinker responsible for most accidents is unclear. One thing is clear, however, unless w
9、e deal with automobile and highway safety and reduce accidents in which alcoholic drinking plays a role, many will continue to die.The word deter in the last paragraph probably means （）ApreventBencourageCpunishDthreaten2.Text 4There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risks of inju
10、ry and death from motor vehicle accidents. More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars .or light trucks and each of these is driven an average of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one- half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration ( BAC ) of 0. I percent or
11、higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels. One third of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer than 4 percent of all drivers, demonstrate these levels. Although less than 1 percent of drives wit
12、h BACs of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashed, the probability of their involvements is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood. There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which drinking plays a role. Based on the observation that excessive
13、 consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of the country’s population, it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both. While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most, anyone who drinks at all would be punished by this approach.To make drinking and dr
14、iving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at drinking drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to request breath tests of drivers committing any traffic offense and higher BAC can be basis for arrest. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates, however, that eve
15、n with increased arrests, there are about 700 violations for every arrest. At this level there is little evidence that laws are effective ways to reduce drunk driving. In Britain, motor vehicle accidents fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of he Road Safety Act in 1967. As Britisher
16、s increasingly recognized that they could drink and not be stopped, the effectiveness declined, although in the following three years the death-rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act.Whether penalties for driving with a high BAC or excessive taxation on consumption of
17、alcoholic drink will deter the excessive drinker responsible for most accidents is unclear. One thing is clear, however, unless we deal with automobile and highway safety and reduce accidents in which alcoholic drinking plays a role, many will continue to die.It can be inferred that the 1967 Road Sa
18、fety Act in Britain（）Achange an existing law to lower the BAC level which defined drank drivingBmade it illegal for the drunk driver to driveCincreased the number of drunk driving arrestsDplaced a tax on the sale of alcoholic drinks3.Text 4There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the
19、risks of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents. More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars .or light trucks and each of these is driven an average of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one- half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration ( BAC ) of 0.
20、I percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels. One third of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer than 4 percent of all drivers, demonstrate these levels. Although less than 1 percent
21、of drives with BACs of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashed, the probability of their involvements is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood. There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which drinking plays a role. Based on the observation t
22、hat excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of the country’s population, it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both. While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most, anyone who drinks at all would be punished by this approach.To make dr
23、inking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at drinking drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to request breath tests of drivers committing any traffic offense and higher BAC can be basis for arrest. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates, howe
24、ver, that even with increased arrests, there are about 700 violations for every arrest. At this level there is little evidence that laws are effective ways to reduce drunk driving. In Britain, motor vehicle accidents fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of he Road Safety Act in 1967.
25、 As Britishers increasingly recognized that they could drink and not be stopped, the effectiveness declined, although in the following three years the death-rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act.Whether penalties for driving with a high BAC or excessive taxation on co
26、nsumption of alcoholic drink will deter the excessive drinker responsible for most accidents is unclear. One thing is clear, however, unless we deal with automobile and highway safety and reduce accidents in which alcoholic drinking plays a role, many will continue to die.The author cites the Britis
27、h example in order to（）Ashow that the problem of drank driving is worse in Britain than in the U. SBprove that stricter laws against drinking drivers would reduce traffic deathsCprove that a slight increase in the number of arrests of drank drivers will not deter drunk drivingDsuggest that taxation
28、of alcohol consumption may be more effective than criminal laws4.Text 4There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents. More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars .or light trucks and each of these is driven an average
29、 of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one- half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration ( BAC ) of 0. I percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels. One third
30、of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer than 4 percent of all drivers, demonstrate these levels. Although less than 1 percent of drives with BACs of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashed, the probability of their involvements is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in thei
31、r blood. There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which drinking plays a role. Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of the country’s population, it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduc
32、e both. While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most, anyone who drinks at all would be punished by this approach.To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at drinking drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to request breath tests of drivers commit
33、ting any traffic offense and higher BAC can be basis for arrest. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates, however, that even with increased arrests, there are about 700 violations for every arrest. At this level there is little evidence that laws are effective ways to reduce dru
34、nk driving. In Britain, motor vehicle accidents fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of he Road Safety Act in 1967. As Britishers increasingly recognized that they could drink and not be stopped, the effectiveness declined, although in the following three years the death-rate seldom
35、reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act.Whether penalties for driving with a high BAC or excessive taxation on consumption of alcoholic drink will deter the excessive drinker responsible for most accidents is unclear. One thing is clear, however, unless we deal with automobile and
36、highway safety and reduce accidents in which alcoholic drinking plays a role, many will continue to die.The author is primarily concerned with（）Ainterpreting the results of surveys on traffic accidentsBreviewing the effectiveness of attempts to reduce drank drivingCanalyzing the causes of the large
37、number of annual traffic deathsDmaking an international comparison of experience with drank driving5.Text 4There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents. More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars .or light trucks an
38、d each of these is driven an average of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one- half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration ( BAC ) of 0. I percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of tim
39、e to attain these levels. One third of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer than 4 percent of all drivers, demonstrate these levels. Although less than 1 percent of drives with BACs of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashed, the probability of their involvements is 27 times higher th
40、an for those without alcohol in their blood. There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which drinking plays a role. Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of the country’s population, it has been suggested that
41、 higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both. While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most, anyone who drinks at all would be punished by this approach.To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at drinking drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to re
42、quest breath tests of drivers committing any traffic offense and higher BAC can be basis for arrest. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates, however, that even with increased arrests, there are about 700 violations for every arrest. At this level there is little evidence that l
43、aws are effective ways to reduce drunk driving. In Britain, motor vehicle accidents fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of he Road Safety Act in 1967. As Britishers increasingly recognized that they could drink and not be stopped, the effectiveness declined, although in the followin
44、g three years the death-rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act.Whether penalties for driving with a high BAC or excessive taxation on consumption of alcoholic drink will deter the excessive drinker responsible for most accidents is unclear. One thing is clear, however,
45、 unless we deal with automobile and highway safety and reduce accidents in which alcoholic drinking plays a role, many will continue to die.The author implies that a BAC of 0.1 percent（）Ais unreasonably high as a definition of drunk drivingBpenalizes the moderate drinker while allowing the heavy dri
46、nker to consume without limitCis well below the BAG of most drivers who are involved in fatal crashesDproves that a driver has consumed five ounces of'80 proof spirits over a short time6.Productivity is the yardstick by which socioeconomic revolutions are measured. Plows initiated the agrarian r
47、evolution by greatly improving the productivity of farmers. Engines, and (1) electricity, (2) the industrial revolutions by (3) improving the productivity of workers in manufacturing and transportation. If there is to be a true in formation revolution, then computers will have to (4) the pattern wit
48、h information and information work.Information technology has (5) begun to improve productivity, and it has even hurt it in some cases; it takes longer to wade (6) those endless automated phone answering menus (7) it does to talk to a human operator. (8) , productivity will rise (9) computers and co
49、mmunications are used in the Informa-tion Marketplace to relieve people of brain work (10) industrial machinery relieved us of physical work.The Information Marketplace will give (11) to two great new forces that will drive (12) in the twenty-first century. (13) , most people and companies buy new computers because the hardware has faster processors or more storage capacity, or because it is fashionable to own a new model, (14) because competitors have bought them and we can’t a