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1、2022年黑龙江职称英语考试模拟卷本卷共分为2大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共49题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Mad Scientist Stereotype Outdated Do people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereo
2、type of a physics boffin(科学家)still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in LondonThe people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects98 percent of those asked got it wrongThe majority of people picked a white male of around 60，wearing glasses and w
3、ith a white beard While this stereotype may have been the image of all average physicist fifty years ago，the reality is now very different Since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31 The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has
4、lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations(等式)or working with fizzing(嘶嘶响)test tubesThese stereotypes are really damaging to societyVery good school children are put off studying science be
5、cause they dont see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing scienceThey simply dont relate to the medias image of the mad scientist This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at universityIf we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects
6、，we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractiveBut we must also develop childrens interest in science In an attempt to change this negative image，an increasing number of science festivals are being organizedThousands of people from secondary schools are also e
7、ncouraged to take part in the internationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national science OlympiadsWinning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the International Science Olympiads which are held in a different county every yearThese events are all inter
8、esting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in scienceIt seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion and designThe media and the cinema have played a
9、role in promoting the image of the mad scientistA RightBWrongCNot mentioned 2. 3.第一篇 More Than a Ride to School The National Education Association claims“The school bus is a mirror of the community”They further add that，unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality
10、of a chosen communityThey are right-sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl Bruce Hardyschool bus driver for Althouse BUS Company has been Liesls bus driver since kindergartenLast year when Liesls family moved to Parkesbu
11、rg，knowing her bus went by her new residence。she requested to ride the same bus This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the busShe says，”Its been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listenerSometimes when youre a child ad
12、ults do not think that what you have to say is importantMr.Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel importantHer friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working fo
13、r Althouse Bus Company，Larry Althouse，president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardys outstanding record：“You do not come by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving recordHe was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for
14、 driving 350,000 accident free milesHardys reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made withthe students that ride his bus” Althouse further adds，Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever sinceMy grandfather start
15、ed the business with one busAlthouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come Three generations of business is not all the company ha
16、s enjoyedThanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy，they have been building relationships through generations，Liesls mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardys bus to the Octorara School DistrictThe word“mirrorin the first line could be best replaced byAvehicle”Bdevice”C“need”D“reflection
17、” 4.Cloning(克隆)：Future Perfect1 A clone is all exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997，research into cloning has grown rapidlyIn May 1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create tw
18、o identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technologyA mouse has also been cloned successfully， But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world2 See
19、dS announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negativeIn Europe， nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：”We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning
20、 laws by the end of the year3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning，They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important researchIn March，The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistakenMany researchers also bel
21、ieve that in spite of attempts to ban it，human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world The public has been bombarded(轰炸)with newspaper articles，television shows and films，as
22、 well as cartoonsSuchinformation is often misleading，and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next5Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want o
23、ur child to look likeBut how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds，the anti-cloners askPretty cool, answer the pr-cloners(赞成克隆的人) 5.第二篇 A Phone That Knows Youre Busy Its a modern problem：youre too busy to be disturbed by incessant(连续不断的)phone calls so you turn your cellphone off .But if you don
24、t remember to turn it back on when youre less busyyou could miss some important calls if only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you，you wouldnt have to turn it off at all. Instead，it could let calls through when you are not too busy A bunch of behavior sensors(传感器)and a clever piece of so
25、ftware could do just that，by analyzing your behavior to determine if its a good time to interrupt youIf built into a phone，the system may decide youre too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based t
26、heir system oil tiny microphones，cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activityFirst they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones stongly predict whether your mind is interrupted The potential“busyness”signals they focused on included whether the office doors were l
27、eft open or closed，the time of day，if other people were with the person in question，how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work . At random intervals，the subjects rated how interrupt
28、ible they were on a scale ranging from“highly interruptibleto“highly notinterruptible” . Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors . “It is a shotgun(随意的)approach：we used all the indicators we could think of and then let statistics find out which were important，” says Hudson The
29、model showed that using the keyboard，and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be Interestingly，the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted .
30、The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time，humans 77 per centFogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message，whereas computers dont care The first application for Hudson and Fogartys system is likely to be in a
31、n instant messaging system，followed by office phones and cellphones“There is no technological roadblock(障碍) to it being deployed in a couple of years，” says HudsonA big problem facing people today is thatAthey must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important callsBthey must turn off their phones t
32、o keep their homes quietCthey have to switch from a desktop phone to a cellphoneDthey are too busy to make phone calls 6.Every Dog Has Its SayKimiko Fukuda，a Japanese girl，always wondered what her dog was trying to say.Whenever she put on makeup，it would pull at her sleeve_(46)When the dog barks，she
33、 glances at a small electronic gadget (装置)The following“human”translation appears on its screen：“Please take me with you”“I realized thats how he was feeling”said Fukuda The gadget is called Bowlingual，and it translates dog barks into feelingsPeople laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company
34、made the worlds first dog-human translation machine in 2002But 300，000 Japanese dog owners bought it_(47) “Nobody else had thought about it，”said Masahiko Kajita，who works for Takara“We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders；what would it be like if we could understand dogs”Bowlin
35、gual has two parts_(48)The translation is done in the gadget using a database(资料库)containing every kind of bark Based on animal behaviour research，these noises are divided into six categories：happiness，Sadness, frustration，anger，declaration and desire_(49)In this way，the database scientifically matc
36、hes a bark to an emotion，which is then translated into one of 200 phrases When a visitor went to Fukudas house recently，the dog barked a loud“bow wow”This translated as“Dont come this way”_(50) The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US$120 It can store up to 100 barks，e
37、ven recording the dogs emotions when the owner is awayA A wireless microphone is attached to the dogs collar,which sends information to the gadget held by the ownerB Nobody really knows how a dog feelsC It was followed by“Im stronger than you”as the dog growled(嗥叫)and sniffed(嗅)at the visitorD More
38、customers are expected when the English version is launched this summerE Now，the Japanese girl thinks she knowsF Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like“Lets play”，“Look at me”，or “Spend more time with me” 7. 8.第三篇 The Exploding Lakes of Cameroon What comes to mind when you think
39、of a lake You probably imagine a pretty scene with blue water，birds，and fishFor the people in the northwestern Cameroon，however, the image is very different. For them，lakes may mean terrible disasters. In 1984，poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages，killing
40、 thirtyseven peopleTwo years later,Lake Nyos erupted A cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater(火山口)lakes They were formed when water collected in the craters of old volcanoes The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun
41、are not active anymore. However, poisonous gases from the center of the earth continue to flow up through cracks in the bottom of the lake. This is normal in a crater lake. In most crater lakes，these gases are released often because the waterturns overregularlyThat is，the water from the bottom of th
42、e lake rises and mixes with the water at the top，allowing the gases to escape slowly However，in Lakes Nyos and Monoun，there is no regular turning overNo one knows the reason for this fact，but as a result，these lakes have more gases tapped at the bottom than other crater lakes. In fact，scientists who
43、 have studied Lakes Nyos and Monoun have found 16,000 times more gasesWhen a strong wind，cool weather a storm，or a landslide(滑坡)causes the water to turn over suddenly，the gases escape in a violent explosion In the past，no one knew when the gases might explode，so there was no way for the villagers to
44、 escape disaster. Now scientists from the United States，France，and Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake NyosThey stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake，with one end of the pipe near the bottom and the other end in the airNear the top of the pipe
45、，the team put several holes that could be opened or closed by a computerNow，when the gas pressure gets too high，the holes are opened and some of the gas-filled water shootsup through the pipe into the air like a fountainWith less pressure，a disastrous explosion is much less likelyHowever, the scient
46、ists are not sure that one pipe will be enough to prevent explosionsThey hope to put in others soon and they plan to install a similar pipe and a computer system at Lake Monoun as well To protect people nearby until all of the pipes are in placethe scientists have installed early warning systems at
47、both lakes. If the gas pressure rises to a dangerous level，computers will set off loud sirens(警报)and bright lights to warn the people in the villagesThat way, they will have time to escape from the dangerous gasesWhat will happen when Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explodeA Water will flow down the hills
48、B Poisonous gases will be released suddenlyCA strong wind will rise from the lakesD The volcanoes will come to life 9.第一篇 More Than a Ride to School The National Education Association claims“The school bus is a mirror of the community”They further add that，unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen communityThey are right-sometimes it ref