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1、2022年贵州同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试模拟卷（8）本卷共分为2大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共47题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.肺内压在下列哪一时相内等于大气压A吸气中和呼气中B吸气中和呼气末C吸气末和呼气中D吸气末和呼气末E呼气中和呼气末2.下列哪项对葡萄球菌肺炎的诊断最重要A全身毒血症状，咳嗽、咳脓血痰B白细胞计数增高，中性粒细胞增高，核左移有毒性颗粒CX线显示片状阴影伴有空洞和液平面D胞壁酸抗体测定E血细菌培养阳性3.乳糖操纵子中，结合RNA聚合酶的DNA序列是A调节基因B启动子C操纵基因D结构基因E乳糖4
2、.下列DNA中，一般不用作克隆载体的是A质粒DNAB大肠埃希菌DNAC病毒DNAD噬菌体DNAE酵母人工染色体5.某患者，因肾上腺皮质功能不足，排除水分的能力大为减弱，而出现“水中毒”，现补充下列哪种激素可缓解症状A胰岛素B糖皮质激素C醛固酮D肾上腺素E胰高血糖素6.精索静脉曲张多见于左侧的原因，哪项应除外A左侧的精索内静脉行程较长，并垂直进入左肾静脉，因而血流阻力较大B左侧精索静脉受到前方乙状结肠压迫C肠系膜上动脉和主动脉在搏动时压迫左肾内静脉回流D精索内静脉周围的结缔组织薄弱，瓣膜功能不健全，左侧受影响尤为明显E下尿路梗阻时，可发生左侧精索静脉曲张7.女，45岁，经检查诊断为急性胆囊炎，胆
3、石症并发梗阻性化脓性胆管炎，患者血压偏低，躁动不安，最好的处理是A短时期的术前准备行胆总管探查引流术B快速输液纠正水、电解质失衡，等待休克恢复C立即给镇静剂，输液，给升压药及大剂量抗生素保守治疗D即行单纯胆囊造口术E即行胆囊切除术及胆总管切开探查术8.女性，34岁，阵发性腹痛4天，伴有恶心、呕吐，起病以来肛门未排便排气，3年前因胆囊结石行胆囊切除术，正值月经中期。查体：脉搏120次/分，血压90/60mmHg，腹饱满，右侧腹部较对侧膨隆，有压痛、反跳痛及肌紧张。右下腹腔穿刺抽出少量暗红色液体。血红蛋白110g/L，最可能的诊断是A绞窄性肠梗阻B宫外孕，输卵管妊娠破裂C急性阑尾炎穿孔，腹膜炎D卵
4、巢囊肿蒂扭转E十二指肠溃疡穿孔9.18岁男性患者，双下肢水肿伴尿少8天，血压150/105mmHg，尿红细胞(+)尿蛋白(+)，血肌酐210mol/L，下列何种疾病的可能性最小A急性肾小球肾炎B急进性肾小球肾炎C慢性肾小球肾炎急性发作D狼疮性肾炎E隐匿性肾小球肾炎10.女，11岁，双下肢出现散在瘀斑，伴有陈旧性出血点。查：Hb 136g/L，WBC 8.0109/L，PLT 50109/L，骨髓检查巨核细胞150个/片，有成熟障碍，首选的治疗是A输血小板B酚磺乙胺C糖皮质激素D免疫抑制剂E脾切除术11.男性，56岁，高血压、糖尿病病史3年，发作性胸前区剧烈疼痛4小时，伴出汗、乏力入院，入院后检
5、查BP 140/80 mmHg，HR 90次/分，律齐，双肺底少量湿性哕音，ECG见V2V5ST段抬高弓背向上，诊断为急性心肌梗死，首选以下哪项治疗方案A静脉溶栓治疗B抗心绞痛、抗血小板治疗C低分子肝素+噻氯匹定+阿司匹林D急性心肌梗死保守治疗E立即冠脉搭桥12.垂体性发现一6.8mm7.5mm大小腺瘤（）A经蝶窦切除垂体微腺瘤B垂体放疗C一侧肾上腺肿瘤摘除D开颅手术+垂体放疗E一侧肾上腺全切+另侧肾上腺大部切除，术后作垂体放疗13.在膜蛋白的帮助下，某些蛋白质分子选择性地进入细胞的物质跨膜转运方式是A原发性主动转运B继发性主动转运C经载体易化扩散D受体介导入胞E液相入胞14.鉴定是否无质粒转
6、入受体菌的方法是（）A抗药性选择B分子克隆C反转录D分子杂交E体外翻译15.急性肺水肿（）A应用吗啡B加压吸氧C两者均有D两者均无16.风湿性心内膜炎（）AOsler结节BNegri小体CAschoff小体D环形红斑EMcCallum斑17.受体与配体的结合（）A共价结合B非共价结合C两者均是D两者均非18.垂体手术未发现肿瘤而临床症状严重的Cushing病（）A经蝶窦切除垂体微腺瘤B垂体放疗C一侧肾上腺肿瘤摘除D开颅手术+垂体放疗E一侧肾上腺全切+另侧肾上腺大部切除，术后作垂体放疗19.亚急性感染性心内膜炎皮肤表现（）AOsler结节BNegri小体CAschoff小体D环形红斑EMcCal
7、lum斑20.支气管哮喘（）A应用吗啡B加压吸氧C两者均有D两者均无21.直接选择并鉴定有无目的基因的较常用方法是（）A抗药性选择B分子克隆C反转录D分子杂交E体外翻译22.酶与底物的结合（）A共价结合B非共价结合C两者均是D两者均非23.Passage One The current emergency in Mexico City that has taken over our lives is nothing I could ever have imagined for me or my children. We are living in an environmental crisis
8、, an air-pollution emergency of unprecedented severity. What it really means is that just to breathe here is to play a dangerous game with your health. As parents, what terrorizes us most are reports that children are at higher risk because they breathe more times per minute. What more can we do to
9、protect them and ourselves Our pediatricians (儿科医师的) medical recommendation was simple: abandon the city permanently. We are foreigners and we are among the small minority that can afford to leave. We are here because of my husbands work. We are fascinated by Mexicoits history and rich culture. We k
10、now that for us, this is a temporary danger. However, we cannot stand for much longer the fear we feel for our boys. We cannot stop them from breathing. But for millions, there is no choice. Their lives, their jobs, their futures depend on being here. Thousands of Mexicans arrive each day in this ci
11、ty, desperate for economic opportunities. Thousands more are born here each day. Entire families work in the streets and practically live there. It is a familiar sight: as parents hawk goods at stoplights, their children play in the grassy highway dividers, breathing exhaust fumes. I feel guilty com
12、plaining about my personal situation; we wont be here long enough for our children to form the impression that skies are colored only gray. And yet the government cannot do what it must to end this problem. For any country, especially a developing Third World economy like Mexicos, the idea of barrin
13、g from the capital city enough cars, closing enough factories and spending the necessary billions on public transportation is simply not an option. So when things get bad, as in the current emergency, Mexico takes half measuresprohibiting some more cars from circulating, stopping some factories from
14、 producingthat even its own officials concede arent adequate. The word emergency implies the unusual. But when daily life itself is an emergency, the concept loses its meaning. It is human nature to try to adapt to that which we cannot change, or to mislead ourselves into believing we can adapt.Acco
15、rding to the passage, the current emergency in Mexico City refers to _ . Aserious air-pollutionBeconomic crisisCunemploymentDnatural disaster 24.Man: The problem is that I dont get paid until tomorrow, but I must register for Dr.Martins class. Could you hold a place for me until thenWoman: You know
16、that without full payment we are not allowed to reserve spaces in a class.Question: What does the woman meanAThe man has to wait and take his chances.BThe man must pay now or he wont have a chance to get registered in the class.CShe could help the man the way he wished.DSpaces can be reserved if par
17、tial payment is made. 25.Passage Three Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy (冷淡) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate p
18、eople in a healthy and competitive way. Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives wo
19、rked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations. Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict
20、 was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict. Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision maki
21、ng in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rathe
22、r than conflict enhanced financial indicators. In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflic
23、t led to more considered and acceptable decisions.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is _ . AwrongBoversimplifiedCmisleadingDunclear 26.Passage Two It is reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise. But alcohol abuse is only one symptom of a larger campus
24、crisis. There is a growth in racism, sexism, assault, attempted suicide, theft, property damage and most disappointing of all, cheating on exams. A generation has come to college quite fragile, not very secure about who it is, fearful of its lack of identity and without confidence in its future. Man
25、y students are ashamed of themselves and afraid of relationships. It is happening because the generation now entering college has experienced few authentic connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the Culture of Neglect, and weparents, teachers, professors and administratorsare the prima
26、ry architects. It begins at home, where social and economic factors result in less family time for adults. Most children and teenagers are being reared without mothers being around, with television as their only supervisor, and there is little expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Imm
27、ersed in themselves, they are left to their peers. We have failed to model a culture of responsibility. We have created a culture characterized by marriage failures, mass schooling that demands only minimal effort and media idols subliminally (下意识的)teaching disrespect for authority and wisdom. When
28、the children do wrong, it is not their fault. On the contrary, its our fault. It seems that the children are always owned something by the busy parents and by the overworked teachers. The children take it for granted that we should take responsibility for their acts. How could college students reare
29、d in the culture of neglect have any notion of obligation and responsibility A nation of individuals who cant read or write well, with no sense of major human questions, who cant think critically or show interest in learning and who are unable to act responsibility will be ill equipped to compete in
30、 any new world order. A generation of neglect will shape our future. Lets wait and see.Which of the following is not included in the campus crisis AAlcohol abuse.BCheating on exams.CRacial discrimination.DLack of financial support. 27.Passage Five The Vikings have left many traces of their settlemen
31、t which are still visible today. Archaeology provides physical evidence of their conquests, settlement and daily life. The study of place names and language shows the lasting effect which the Viking settlements had in the British Isles, and DNA analysis provides some insights into the effect the Vik
32、ings had on the genetic stock of the countries where they settled. All of this provides valuable information, but the only reason that we have an idea of the Vikings as a people is their appearance in the written sources. Unfortunately, the value of the written evidence is limited. Not a lot of evid
33、ence survives, and much of what we have is either uninformative or unreliable. Many popular ideas about Vikings are nineteenth-century inventions. Others are the result of early historians accepting sources which modern scholars now regard as completely unreliable. In Scandinavia the Viking Age is r
34、egarded as part of prehistory because there are practically no contemporary written sources. Even in western Europe, the Viking Age is often seen as part of the Dark Ages, from which comparatively few historical records have survived. Surviving accounts of Viking activity were almost exclusively wri
35、tten by clergymen (神职人员). These monastic chronicles (编年史) outline broadly what happened, at what date. There are also sources of a more directly religious nature, such as the much-quoted letters of Alcuin, and Wulfstans famous Sermon of the Wolf , both of which chose to interpret the Viking raids as
36、 Gods punishment on the Anglo-Saxons for their sins. Even the chronicles reflect the fact that the Vikings often attacked monasteries for their wealth, which created an obvious bias against them, and the hostile tone of these contemporary accounts has done much to create the popular image of Viking
37、atrocities. However, modern historians have noted that the same sources show Christian rulers behaving equally unpleasantly, but without being condemned on religious grounds. We tend to think of the Vikings as a race of Scandinavian warriors, but the reality is more complex. Raids on the British Isl
38、es and the coasts of France and Spain were the work of Vikings from Norway and Denmark. The word Viking means one who lurks in a vik or bay, in effect, a pirate. The word Viking has come to describe a whole new age in Europe between about 800 and 1150. This is despite the fact that Vikings were not
39、just pirates and warriors but also traders and colonists. But at the start of the Viking Age in the last decade of the 8th century, loot and adventure were the main goals of the Norwegians who raided in Scotland and Ireland and of the Danes who attacked England. Gold and silver treasures accumulated
40、 by the great monasteries could be converted into personal wealth and thus power, and captives could be sold as slaves. What better way for the young sons of good families to earn their way and see the worldThe authors analysis of the Vikings mainly based on materials from _ . Alimited written sourc
41、esBphysical archaeological evidenceCreport on DAN analysisDthe study of place names and language 28. Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of t
42、he many functions that might be (56) in a single large building. The importance of interior design becomes (57) when we realize how much time we (58) surrounded by four wails. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be (59) attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect (
43、60) place to be appropriate to its use. You would be (61) ff the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look (62) the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldnt feel (63) in a business office that has the appearance of a school. It soon becomes clear that the interior designers most important
44、(64) is the function of the particular (65) . For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and (66) few entries and exits will not work for (67) purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be (68) . Nevertheless, it is not easy to make suitable (69) for different kinds
45、 of space, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. (70) addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture according to the functions that need to be served. AconsistedBcontainedCcomposedDcomprised 29.Passage Four We sometimes think humans are uniq
46、uely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家) Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turni
47、ng a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless Partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what wakens the immun