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1、2022广西在职攻读硕士联考考试真题卷（4）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1. The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise (有氧操). Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousa
2、nds of health spas developed around the country to capitalize (获利 ) on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was
3、not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weig
4、ht-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females. Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well. Historically, most
5、physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primaril
6、y to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical a
7、ctivity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000, National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.People were given physical fitness tests in order to find out _. Ahow well they could do in athleticsBwhat their health condition was likeCwhat kind of fitness center was suitable for t
8、hemDwhether they were fit for aerobic exercise 2. The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to peoples des
9、ire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers money. Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to turned out t
10、hat the bread was not dietetic (适合于节食的), but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf. On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumers real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insura
11、nce maybe sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans
12、as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising. Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consum
13、ers still control the final buying decision.The passage tells us that _. Asometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needsBadvertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they dont needCthe buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisementsDfire insurance is seld
14、om a worthwhile investment 3. Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food (31) it is badly cooked. The way a meal is cooked and served is most important and an attractively served meal will often improve a childs appetit
15、e. Never ask a child (32) he likes or dislikes a food and never discuss likes and dislikes in front of him or allow (33) else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother refuses vegetables, in the childs hearing he is (34) to copy this procedure. Take it (35) granted that he likes e
16、verything and he probably will. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a supposed dislike. At meal times it is a good (36) to give a child a small portion and let him come back for a second helping rather than give him as (37) as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too
17、 much to the child (38) meal times, but let him get on with his food; and do not (39) him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will soon learn to swallow his food so he can hurry back to his toys. Under (40) circumstances must a child be coaxed (哄骗) or forced to eat. AeverybodyBanybodyC
18、somebodyDnobody 4. The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source o
19、f this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation (航空) industry, has recommended that all airlines ban
20、 (禁止) such devices from being used during critical stages of flight, particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passenge
21、rs from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights. The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircrafts computers. Experts know that portable devices emit radiation
22、which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not. The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的) to int
23、erference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio system in order to damage navigation equipment. As worrying, though, is the passenger who cant hear the instructions to mm off his radio because the musics too loud.Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic de
24、vices because _. Athey dont believe there is such a danger as radio interferenceBthe harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be provedCmost passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassette playersDthey have other effective safety measures to fall back on 5.
25、 For an increasing number of students at American universities, Old is suddenly in. The reason is obvious: the graying of America means jobs. Coupled with the aging of the baby-boom (生育高峰) generation, a longer life span means that the nations elderly population is bound to expand significantly over
26、the next 40 years. By 2040, 25 percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995. The change poses profound questions for government and society, of course. But it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well. In addit
27、ion to the doctors, were going to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers, says Professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern Californias (USC) School of Gerontology (老年学). Lawyers can specialize in elder law, which covers everything from trusts and esta
28、tes to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination (岐视). Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history. Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA
29、 or law degree, will have a license to print money, one professor says. Margarite Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC. She began college as a biology major but found she was really bored with bacteria. So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she liked it. She says, I did volunteer w
30、ork in retirement homes and it was very satisfying.It can be seen from the passage that the expansion of Americas elderly population _. Awill provide good job opportunities in many areasBwill impose an unbearable burden on societyCmay lead to nursing home abuse and age discriminationDwill create new
31、 fields of study in universities 6. The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise (有氧操). Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize (
32、获利 ) on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designe
33、d to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In r
34、ecent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females. Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well. Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscul
35、ar strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer s
36、ome health benefits as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000, National
37、 Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.Recent studies have suggested that weight training _. Ahas become an essential part of peoples lifeBmay well affect the health of the traineesCwill attract more people in the days to comeDcontributes to health improvement as well 7. The appeal of a
38、dvertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to peoples desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automot
39、ive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers money. Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to turned out that the bread was not dietetic (适合于节食的), but just regular bread.
40、There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf. On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumers real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance maybe sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is
41、the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the adv
42、ertising. Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.It can be inferred fr
43、om the passage that a smart consumer should _. Athink carefully about the benefits described in the advertisementsBguard against the deceiving nature of advertisementsCbe familiar with various advertising strategiesDavoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal 8. Most children with health
44、y appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food (31) it is badly cooked. The way a meal is cooked and served is most important and an attractively served meal will often improve a childs appetite. Never ask a child (32) he likes or dislikes a food a
45、nd never discuss likes and dislikes in front of him or allow (33) else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother refuses vegetables, in the childs hearing he is (34) to copy this procedure. Take it (35) granted that he likes everything and he probably will. Nothing healthful shoul
46、d be omitted from the meal because of a supposed dislike. At meal times it is a good (36) to give a child a small portion and let him come back for a second helping rather than give him as (37) as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child (38) meal times, but let him get on
47、with his food; and do not (39) him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will soon learn to swallow his food so he can hurry back to his toys. Under (40) circumstances must a child be coaxed (哄骗) or forced to eat. AwillingBpossibleCobligedDlikely 9. The biggest safety threat facing airli
48、nes today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation (航空) industry, has recommended that all airli