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1、2022福建职称英语考试模拟卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Inflation 2.How Men Face the Fat Problem 3.Houses in 18th Century North America 4.Human Evolution 5.Inflation 6.How Men Face the Fat Problem 7.The American Industry 8.How Men Face the Fat Problem 9.Inflation 1
2、0.How Men Face the Fat Problem 11.Inflation 12.Inflation 13.Inflation 14.Inflation 15.Inflation 16.Inflation 17.Inflation 18.Inflation 19.Inflation 20. 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America. It is an extremely s
3、erious problem in some developing countries. For these counties, economic growth is a very important aim. They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on industries which cause pollution. Cubatao, an industrial town of 85,000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection betwe
4、en industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry. Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants(污染物). The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matters in their surroundings, and the bad effects can be clearly seen. Birth shortcom
5、ings are extremely common. Among children and grown-ups, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places. It is true that Brazil, like many other countries, has laws against pollution, but these laws are not carried out strictly enough. It is cheaper for companie
6、s to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines(罚款)than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution, It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important to the government than to the health of the workers. However, the responsibility(责任) does not completely lie with th
7、e Brazilian government. The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either. A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the U.S. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home.
8、 If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely(严厉的)punished or even put out of business.Industrial pollution is the problem for European countries only. AA. RightBB. WrongCC. Not mentioned 21. 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 B第一篇/B In th
9、e old days, children were familiar with birth and death as part of life. This is perhaps the first generation of American youngster(年轻人)who have never been close by during the birth of a baby and have never experienced the death of a family member. Nowadays when people grow old, we often send them t
10、o nursing homes. When they get sick, we transfer them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients-even when those patients are their parents. This deprives(剥夺)the dying patient of significant family members during the last few days of his life and it deprives the chi
11、ldren of an experience of death, which is an important learning experience. Some of my colleagues and I once interviewed and followed approximately 500 terminally ill patients in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of th
12、eir families as well. We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome. It is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patients communications in order to truly understand
13、their needs, fears, and fantasies(幻想). Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble. Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition, and to be told whe
14、n the end was near. We found out that patients who had been dealt with openly and frankly were better able to cope with the approach of death and finally to reach a true stage of acceptance prior to death.Five hundred critically ill patients were investigated with the main purpose of _. Alearning ho
15、w to best help them and their familiesBobserving how they reacted to the crisis of deathChelping them and their families overcome the fear of deathDfinding out their attitude towards the approach of death 22.B第二篇/B The seriously depressed person sees himself in a very negative way. He is sure that h
16、e is alone and hopeless. He often blames himself for ordinary faults and shortcomings which he exaggerates. He is very discouraged about himself, the world, and his future. He becomes less interested in what is going on around him and doesnt get satisfaction from things he used to enjoy. Fatigue and
17、 early morning sleeplessness are quite common. The depressed person may want to sleep more than usual. He may lose his appetite and lose weight or eat more than normally and gain weight. Another particular sign, seen in women is crying spells. Many of these spells are short and common. Some depressi
18、ve illness may not show the usual signs of moody sadness and hopelessness. In these cases, the potential depression may mask itself as physical discomfort. It may be a cause of alcoholism, or it may cause addiction to a drug. Chronic fatigue and boredom, as well as continual failure, may be unrecogn
19、ized forms of depression. There is even evidence that the overly active child may be making up for an potential depression. Depressives share the feeling that they have lost something very important to them, though often this is not really the case. From a feeling of loss, the depressed person progr
20、esses to false ideas that he is a loser and will always be a loser, that he must be worthless and perhaps not fit to live. He may even attempts suicide. So many very depressed people attempt suicide that depressive illness may be considered the only fatal mental illness. Not all those suffering from
21、 depressive illness do attempt suicide. Nor are all those who attempt suicide necessarily suffering from illness. But the relationship is striking. It is estimated that as many as 75 percent of those who attempt suicide are seriously depressed, Other studies show that the person hospitalized for dep
22、ression is about 36 times more likely to commit suicide than is the non-depressed person. The greatest risk occurs during or immediately after hospitalization. After age 40, the possibility of suicide increases in very depressed persons. Almost twice as many women as men suffer from depressive illne
23、ss. Almost twice as many women as men attempt suicide, but three times more men than women succeed, Depressions is a tragic condition which often leads to broken homes, ruined friendships and careers, and disrupted lives.According to the author, the severely depressed person _. Ais often awake very
24、early in the morningBmust take sleeping pills to fall asleepCshould have more rest than other peopleDwould like to go to bed early in the evening 23.B第三篇/B Why does cream go bad faster than butter Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its ch
25、emical composition-a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives. Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions-tiny globules(小球体)of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another
26、. The difference lies in whats in the globules and whats in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation. In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad
27、prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture, he says. When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments(隔仓室)buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies canno
28、t spread and rapidly run out nutrients(养料). They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. In butter, you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing, says Broeklehurst. The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made r
29、esistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the foods structure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning in into a solid lump.T
30、he significance of Brocklehursts research is that _. Ait suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservativesBit discovered tiny globules in both cream and butterCit revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butterDit found that cream and butter share the same chemical comp
31、osition 24. 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America. It is an extremely serious problem in some developing countries. For these counties, economic growth is a very important aim. They want to introduce industries,
32、 and so they put few controls on industries which cause pollution. Cubatao, an industrial town of 85,000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry. Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many
33、 pollutants(污染物). The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matters in their surroundings, and the bad effects can be clearly seen. Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and grown-ups, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other place
34、s. It is true that Brazil, like many other countries, has laws against pollution, but these laws are not carried out strictly enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines(罚款)than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution, It is clear, theref
35、ore, that economic growth is more important to the government than to the health of the workers. However, the responsibility(责任) does not completely lie with the Brazilian government. The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either. A number of th
36、e factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the U.S. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely(严厉的)punished or even put out of business.A lot- of countries ar
37、e trying to solve the pollution problems. AA. RightBB. WrongCC. Not mentioned 25. 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 B第一篇/B In the old days, children were familiar with birth and death as part of life. This is perhaps the first generation of American youngster(年轻人)who h
38、ave never been close by during the birth of a baby and have never experienced the death of a family member. Nowadays when people grow old, we often send them to nursing homes. When they get sick, we transfer them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients-even when
39、those patients are their parents. This deprives(剥夺)the dying patient of significant family members during the last few days of his life and it deprives the children of an experience of death, which is an important learning experience. Some of my colleagues and I once interviewed and followed approxi
40、mately 500 terminally ill patients in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well. We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware
41、 of its potential outcome. It is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patients communications in order to truly understand their needs, fears, and fantasies(幻想). Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and fran
42、kly about their trouble. Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition, and to be told when the end was near. We found out that patients who had been dealt with openly and frankly were better able to cope with the approach of death
43、 and finally to reach a true stage of acceptance prior to death.It may be concluded from the passage that _. Amost patients are unable to accept death until it is obviously inevitableBdying patients are afraid of being told of the approach of deathCdying patients should be truthfully informed of the
44、ir conditionDmost doctors and nurses understand what dying patients need 26.B第二篇/B The seriously depressed person sees himself in a very negative way. He is sure that he is alone and hopeless. He often blames himself for ordinary faults and shortcomings which he exaggerates. He is very discouraged a
45、bout himself, the world, and his future. He becomes less interested in what is going on around him and doesnt get satisfaction from things he used to enjoy. Fatigue and early morning sleeplessness are quite common. The depressed person may want to sleep more than usual. He may lose his appetite and
46、lose weight or eat more than normally and gain weight. Another particular sign, seen in women is crying spells. Many of these spells are short and common. Some depressive illness may not show the usual signs of moody sadness and hopelessness. In these cases, the potential depression may mask itself
47、as physical discomfort. It may be a cause of alcoholism, or it may cause addiction to a drug. Chronic fatigue and boredom, as well as continual failure, may be unrecognized forms of depression. There is even evidence that the overly active child may be making up for an potential depression. Depressives share the feeling that they have lost something very important to them, though often this is not really the case. From a feeling of loss, the depressed person progresses to fal