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1、2022年甘肃公共英语考试真题卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Greenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start
2、 with the proof of this idea. At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of greenspace in the urban environment is a first step on the right way, this does not mean, however
3、, that sufficient details are known about the functions of greenspace in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of greenspace faci
4、lities. The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town and country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement
5、 of recreative possibilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air
6、has to begin at the street-door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to t
7、ake a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot of enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of you
8、r house is closed after you.The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation has led to_. A the disproportion of recreation facilities in the neighbourhood B the location of recreation facilities far from home C relatively little attention for recreative possibilities D the impr
9、ovement of recreative possibilities in the neighbourhood 2.In 1911, Americans smoked almost 10 billion cigarettes. Sixty years later this number (21) 700 billion. (22) this amazing increase, the demand for cigarettes in the United States is now (23) dropping. Since 1973, per capita cigarette (24) ha
10、s decreased approximately I percent (25) . According to some estimates, 90 percent of all cigarette smokers would like to cut down or quit smoking (26) , but that, of course, is not easy to do and (27) do not succeed. Smokers who try to (28) the habit may experience both physical and psychological w
11、ithdrawal symptoms for several weeks. They may suffer, for example, (29) headaches, nausea, irritability, and an inability to concentrate. Some (30) , such as drowsiness and craving (a strong desire for a cigarette), get even (31) after the first ten days. Most people continue to crave cigarettes fo
12、r at least a month, and approximately one-fifth continue to (32) them for as many as five to nine years after they have (33) .A With B Despite C To D ForAs the American people have become increasingly conscious of good (34) habits, their attitudes toward smoking have changed. Nonsmokers are demandin
13、g the right to (35) smokeless, nontoxic air, especially since recent studies have (36) that secondhand smoke, that is, the cigarette smoke in the air, is (37) dangerous. (38) , the demands of antismoking advocates are getting re-suits. Some cities, such as Eugene, Oregon, have already passed strict
14、laws that re-quire restaurants to provide nonsmoking (39) . It seems that smoking is no longer considered (40) acceptable behavior by many in American society.3.When will the new product be available A In a few weeks. B In about two months. C In about two years. D In ten years. 4.During the second h
15、alf of 1776, the British had driven Washingtons armies from their strongholds in and near New York City. Washington retreated, moving southeast across New Jersey. Before his army reached the shores of the Delaware, he sent soldiers ahead to bring together all the boats they could find. When the Brit
16、ish arrived at the east bank early in December, the Colonials were safely across. And the British could find only two small boats on a pond. For the time being, the British gave up the chase. They set up camp at Trenton and at other strongholds along the Delaware. Washington had the boats on the Pen
17、nsylvania side, but that was about all he had. Food was short, and many soldiers were too iii to march. And any day now, the river might freeze, making it possible for the British force to cross into Pennsylvania. If the struggle for freedom was to continue, Washington had to have a victory. Finally
18、 he decided to re-cross the Delaware at Mckonkeys Ferry. That was nine miles up river from Trenton. Washingtons plan was to cross under cover of darkness on Christmas night and attack the 2,000 to 3,000 British soldiers in Trenton. The general expected that the enemy force would still be celebrating
19、 the holiday. On the evening of December 25, Washington gave the orders to cross. It was sleeting snowing, and the river was filled with floating ice. Finally, his force of more than 2,000 men was on the Jersey side. It was after 2 a.m. In a battle that lasted less than two hours, they defeated the
20、enemy force. Washington had the victory he needed.General Washington chose Christmas night for his attack because_. A he was sure his men were ready to fight B he was told in a dream that he would win the war on Christmas night C he expected the British would still be celebrating the holiday and the
21、y wouldnt be prepared for the sudden attack D his men wanted return home to spend New Year 5.In 1911, Americans smoked almost 10 billion cigarettes. Sixty years later this number (21) 700 billion. (22) this amazing increase, the demand for cigarettes in the United States is now (23) dropping. Since
22、1973, per capita cigarette (24) has decreased approximately I percent (25) . According to some estimates, 90 percent of all cigarette smokers would like to cut down or quit smoking (26) , but that, of course, is not easy to do and (27) do not succeed. Smokers who try to (28) the habit may experience
23、 both physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms for several weeks. They may suffer, for example, (29) headaches, nausea, irritability, and an inability to concentrate. Some (30) , such as drowsiness and craving (a strong desire for a cigarette), get even (31) after the first ten days. Most peop
24、le continue to crave cigarettes for at least a month, and approximately one-fifth continue to (32) them for as many as five to nine years after they have (33) .A suddenly B gradually C increasingly D annuallyAs the American people have become increasingly conscious of good (34) habits, their attitud
25、es toward smoking have changed. Nonsmokers are demanding the right to (35) smokeless, nontoxic air, especially since recent studies have (36) that secondhand smoke, that is, the cigarette smoke in the air, is (37) dangerous. (38) , the demands of antismoking advocates are getting re-suits. Some citi
26、es, such as Eugene, Oregon, have already passed strict laws that re-quire restaurants to provide nonsmoking (39) . It seems that smoking is no longer considered (40) acceptable behavior by many in American society.6.Greenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the
27、urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recogniti
28、on of the importance of greenspace in the urban environment is a first step on the right way, this does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of greenspace in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject
29、 I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of greenspace facilities. The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town and country planning, has in my opinion resulted in dispro
30、portionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not
31、pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obliga
32、tory activities can also have a recreative aspect. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a
33、 spot of enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.The author suggests that the recreative possibilities of greenspace should be provided_. A in special areas B in the suburbs C in the neighbourhood of
34、the house D in gardens and parks 7.In the 18th century, New York was smaller than Philadelphia and Boston. Today it is the largest city in America. How to explain the change in its size and importance To answer this question we must consider certain facts about geography, history and economics. Toge
35、ther these three will explain the huge growth of Americas most famous cities. The map of the Northeast shows that four of the most heavily-populated areas in this region are around seaports. At these points materials from across tile sea enter America, and the products of the land are sent there for
36、 export across the sea. Economists know that places where transportation lines meet are good places for making raw materials into completed goods, That is why seaports often have cities nearby. But cities like New York needed more than their geographical location in order to become great industrial
37、centers. Their development did not happen simply by chance.Which of the following respects did NOT help New York become the most famous city A Culture. B History. C Economics. DGeographical location.About 1815, when many Americans from the east coast had already moved to the west. trade routes from
38、the ports to the central regions of the country began to be a serious problem, The slow wagons of that time. drawn by horses or oxen, were too expensive for moving heavy freight very far. Americans had long admired Europes canals. In New York State a canal seemed the best solution to the transportat
39、ion problem From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the state to the Hudson River there is a long trip of low land Here the Erie Canal was constructed. After working for several years it was completed in 1825.The canal produced an immediate effect. Freight costs were cut to about one-te
40、nth of what they had been. New York City, which had been smaller than Philadelphia and Boston, quickly became the leading city of the coast. In later years, transportation routes on the Great Lakes were joined to routes on the Mississippi River. Then New York City became the end point of a great inl
41、and shipping system that emended from the Atlantic Ocean far up to the western branches of the Mississippi.The new railroads made canal shipping not as important as before, but it tied New York even more closely to the central regions of the country. It was easier for people in the central states to
42、 ship their goods to New York for export overseas.Exports from New York were greater than imports. Consequently, shipping companies were eager to fill their ships with passengers on the return trip from Europe. Passengers could come from Europe very cheaply as a result.Thus New York became the great
43、est port for receiving people from European countries. Many of them remained in the city. Others stayed in New York for a few weeks, months or years, and then moved to other parts of the United States. For these great numbers of new Americans. New York had to provide homes, goods and services. Their
44、 labor helped the city become great8.During the second half of 1776, the British had driven Washingtons armies from their strongholds in and near New York City. Washington retreated, moving southeast across New Jersey. Before his army reached the shores of the Delaware, he sent soldiers ahead to bri
45、ng together all the boats they could find. When the British arrived at the east bank early in December, the Colonials were safely across. And the British could find only two small boats on a pond. For the time being, the British gave up the chase. They set up camp at Trenton and at other strongholds
46、 along the Delaware. Washington had the boats on the Pennsylvania side, but that was about all he had. Food was short, and many soldiers were too iii to march. And any day now, the river might freeze, making it possible for the British force to cross into Pennsylvania. If the struggle for freedom wa
47、s to continue, Washington had to have a victory. Finally he decided to re-cross the Delaware at Mckonkeys Ferry. That was nine miles up river from Trenton. Washingtons plan was to cross under cover of darkness on Christmas night and attack the 2,000 to 3,000 British soldiers in Trenton. The general
48、expected that the enemy force would still be celebrating the holiday. On the evening of December 25, Washington gave the orders to cross. It was sleeting snowing, and the river was filled with floating ice. Finally, his force of more than 2,000 men was on the Jersey side. It was after 2 a.m. In a battle that lasted less than two hours, they defeated the enemy force. Washington had the victory he needed.The battle of Trenton was very important to Washington because_. A it gave Washington the victory he needed B it was his last battle as a general C he