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1、2022年江西教师招聘考试考试考前冲刺卷（1）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.1953年我国开始对农业进行社会主义改造（）。A是为了废除封建土地所有制B是为了巩固新生的人民政权C是为了发展生产力而对生产关系的调整D是社会主义制度的自我完善和发展2.盖天说与浑天说是中国古代天文学上两大主流学派的理论，两派都创造了许多天文仪器，用于观测、记录、研究和演示天象。浑天学派的浑天仪和浑象奇瑰雄浑，在历史上备受推崇，盖天学派的圭表也广为世人所知。其实，盖天派还创制了一种盖天图仪，同样闪烁
2、着先哲智慧的光芒，然而遗憾的是，这种盖天图仪在中国天文学史上却鲜有提及，所以今天仍有必要介绍和探讨。盖天说是中国一种古老的天文学理论，传说出自周人之手的周髀算经说：天象盖笠，地法覆盘。古人于伞盖之下，仰观其形有若天穹，于是绘制星辰图像于其上，就成为一幅盖天图。与盖相类者有笠，笠无柄，顶载于头遮日防雨。用笠制作法天之器，作用与盖相同，故有盖笠一词。但笠小盖大，盖上可以绘制更多星辰，这大约是后代多称盖天的原因吧。盖天图仪之形与天穹相似，人可站立其下仰观，也可以回转盖图以示天空星辰旋转，还可以斜置以演示北极倾斜之状，既简单又直观，可谓古人法天最理想的器具。这种图，天区星度布局比较均匀，完全不像后来的
3、平面盖天图误差那么大。但古代完整的盖天图仪并没能流传下来，我们只能就相似的车盖等来探讨其形制。隋书中记有一辆南齐帝车：及年齐，得其舆辂，藏于中府有乾象辇，羽葆圆盖，画日月五星，二十八宿，天街云罕。乾象即天象，这正是盖天图仪的形制。另一类盖天图绘于古墓葬中，汉至隋唐的许多墓室设有穹顶，上绘天象，虽稍简陋，但屡见不鲜。流传于#R-中的平面盖天图，则是将球面图形加以平面化，其好处是制作简易，方便携带。但是这样一来所绘星位必然因照顾角度而牺牲距离，而与实际天象不合，于是广受诟病。其实，在表现天象方面，浑天派也有缺点。浑象上绘出的星图是目视星空的反象，相当于人从天外向下俯视。从这一点说，它还不如盖天图直
4、观形象。中国历史上曾多次发生浑盖之争，由于浑天说占据了主导地位，盖天图仪遂长期为人们所忽视。今天再进行浑盖之争当然已经毫无意义，但如果把盖天图仪纳入人类天文学史，则依然是很有意义的。(摘编自秦建明盖天图仪考)下列关于作者写作本文原因的描述，不正确的一项是（）。A盖天学派跟浑天学派一样，也是中国古代天文学的主流学派，创造了许多天文仪器B浑天学派的浑天仪和浑象，以及盖天学派的圭表在历史上备受推崇，广为世人所知C盖天图仪和浑天仪等，都是古彳弋用于观测、记录、研究和演示天象的重要天文仪器D盖天图仪是盖天学派创制的，这一仪器闪烁着先哲智慧的光芒，但后人却鲜有提及3.盖天说与浑天说是中国古代天文学上两大主
5、流学派的理论，两派都创造了许多天文仪器，用于观测、记录、研究和演示天象。浑天学派的浑天仪和浑象奇瑰雄浑，在历史上备受推崇，盖天学派的圭表也广为世人所知。其实，盖天派还创制了一种盖天图仪，同样闪烁着先哲智慧的光芒，然而遗憾的是，这种盖天图仪在中国天文学史上却鲜有提及，所以今天仍有必要介绍和探讨。盖天说是中国一种古老的天文学理论，传说出自周人之手的周髀算经说：天象盖笠，地法覆盘。古人于伞盖之下，仰观其形有若天穹，于是绘制星辰图像于其上，就成为一幅盖天图。与盖相类者有笠，笠无柄，顶载于头遮日防雨。用笠制作法天之器，作用与盖相同，故有盖笠一词。但笠小盖大，盖上可以绘制更多星辰，这大约是后代多称盖天的原
6、因吧。盖天图仪之形与天穹相似，人可站立其下仰观，也可以回转盖图以示天空星辰旋转，还可以斜置以演示北极倾斜之状，既简单又直观，可谓古人法天最理想的器具。这种图，天区星度布局比较均匀，完全不像后来的平面盖天图误差那么大。但古代完整的盖天图仪并没能流传下来，我们只能就相似的车盖等来探讨其形制。隋书中记有一辆南齐帝车：及年齐，得其舆辂，藏于中府有乾象辇，羽葆圆盖，画日月五星，二十八宿，天街云罕。乾象即天象，这正是盖天图仪的形制。另一类盖天图绘于古墓葬中，汉至隋唐的许多墓室设有穹顶，上绘天象，虽稍简陋，但屡见不鲜。流传于#R-中的平面盖天图，则是将球面图形加以平面化，其好处是制作简易，方便携带。但是这样
7、一来所绘星位必然因照顾角度而牺牲距离，而与实际天象不合，于是广受诟病。其实，在表现天象方面，浑天派也有缺点。浑象上绘出的星图是目视星空的反象，相当于人从天外向下俯视。从这一点说，它还不如盖天图直观形象。中国历史上曾多次发生浑盖之争，由于浑天说占据了主导地位，盖天图仪遂长期为人们所忽视。今天再进行浑盖之争当然已经毫无意义，但如果把盖天图仪纳入人类天文学史，则依然是很有意义的。(摘编自秦建明盖天图仪考)下列理解和分析，不符合原文意思的一项是（）。A作为天文学理论的盖天说诞生甚早，在春秋时代周朝人所著的周髀算经中就有天象盖笠，地法覆盘的说法B盖天图仪状如伞盖，上绘日月星辰，人可站立其下仰视。盖图可以
8、旋转、倾斜，演示星辰运动状态C古代完整的盖天图仪实物已经失传，但在古人的车盖、墓室穹顶上仍绘有盖天图，形制与其相似D平面盖天图虽然所绘星位因照顾角度而牺牲了距离，但是比起浑象来，仍然显得直观形象，而且容易携带4.盖天说与浑天说是中国古代天文学上两大主流学派的理论，两派都创造了许多天文仪器，用于观测、记录、研究和演示天象。浑天学派的浑天仪和浑象奇瑰雄浑，在历史上备受推崇，盖天学派的圭表也广为世人所知。其实，盖天派还创制了一种盖天图仪，同样闪烁着先哲智慧的光芒，然而遗憾的是，这种盖天图仪在中国天文学史上却鲜有提及，所以今天仍有必要介绍和探讨。盖天说是中国一种古老的天文学理论，传说出自周人之手的周髀
9、算经说：天象盖笠，地法覆盘。古人于伞盖之下，仰观其形有若天穹，于是绘制星辰图像于其上，就成为一幅盖天图。与盖相类者有笠，笠无柄，顶载于头遮日防雨。用笠制作法天之器，作用与盖相同，故有盖笠一词。但笠小盖大，盖上可以绘制更多星辰，这大约是后代多称盖天的原因吧。盖天图仪之形与天穹相似，人可站立其下仰观，也可以回转盖图以示天空星辰旋转，还可以斜置以演示北极倾斜之状，既简单又直观，可谓古人法天最理想的器具。这种图，天区星度布局比较均匀，完全不像后来的平面盖天图误差那么大。但古代完整的盖天图仪并没能流传下来，我们只能就相似的车盖等来探讨其形制。隋书中记有一辆南齐帝车：及年齐，得其舆辂，藏于中府有乾象辇，羽
10、葆圆盖，画日月五星，二十八宿，天街云罕。乾象即天象，这正是盖天图仪的形制。另一类盖天图绘于古墓葬中，汉至隋唐的许多墓室设有穹顶，上绘天象，虽稍简陋，但屡见不鲜。流传于#R-中的平面盖天图，则是将球面图形加以平面化，其好处是制作简易，方便携带。但是这样一来所绘星位必然因照顾角度而牺牲距离，而与实际天象不合，于是广受诟病。其实，在表现天象方面，浑天派也有缺点。浑象上绘出的星图是目视星空的反象，相当于人从天外向下俯视。从这一点说，它还不如盖天图直观形象。中国历史上曾多次发生浑盖之争，由于浑天说占据了主导地位，盖天图仪遂长期为人们所忽视。今天再进行浑盖之争当然已经毫无意义，但如果把盖天图仪纳入人类天文
11、学史，则依然是很有意义的。(摘编自秦建明盖天图仪考)根据原文的内容，下列推断不正确的一项是（）。A所谓盖天图是说像伞盖一样的天象图，但古代也有用笠制作的法天之器。所以应该也有以笠为名的图B虽然从古人车盖和墓室穹顶上所绘制的盖天图可以探知古代盖天图仪的主要形制，但是盖天图仪原物必定更加复杂C正因为浑象上绘出的星图是人们目视星空的反象，所以浑象上星辰的位置、距离也有不符合实际天象的D历史上曾多次发生浑盖之争，最后浑天说占据了主导地位，但盖以仰视，浑以俯视，应该说两者各具其妙5.君子可以寓意于物，而不可以留意于物。寓意于物，虽微物足以为乐，虽尤物不足以为病。留意于物，虽微物足以为病，虽尤物不足以为乐
12、。老子曰：五色令人目盲，五音令人耳聋，五味令人口爽，驰骋田猎令人心发狂。然圣人未尝废此四者，亦聊以寓意焉耳。刘备之雄才也，而好结髦。嵇康之达也，而好锻炼。阮孚之放也，而好蜡屐。此岂有声色臭味也哉，而乐之终身不厌。凡物之可喜，足以悦人而不足以移人者，莫若书与画。然至其留意而不释，则其祸有不可胜言者。钟繇至以此呕血发冢，宋孝武、王僧虔至以此相忌，„„皆以儿戏害其国，凶其身。此留意之祸也。 始吾少时，尝好此二者，家之所有，惟恐其失之；人之所有，惟恐其不吾予也。既而自笑曰：吾薄富贵而厚于书，轻死生而重于画，岂不颠倒错缪失其本心也哉？自是不复好。见可喜者虽时复蓄之，然为人取去，亦
13、不复惜也。譬之烟云之过眼，百鸟之感耳，岂不欣然接之，然去而不复念也。于是乎二物者常为吾乐，而不能为吾病。驸马都尉王君晋卿虽在戚里，而其被服礼义，学问诗书，常与寒士角。平居攘去膏粱，屏远声色，而从事于书画。作宝绘堂于私笫之东，以蓄其所有，而求文以为记。恐其不幸而类吾少时之所好，故以是告之，庶几全其乐而远其病也。熙宁十年七月二十二日记。（本文有删节）注：锻炼：打铁。对下列句子中加下划线词语的解释，不正确的一项是（）A虽尤物不足以为病 病：祸害B然去而不复念也 去：归去C常与寒士角 角：较量D以蓄其所有 蓄：收藏6.君子可以寓意于物，而不可以留意于物。寓意于物，虽微物足以为乐，虽尤物不足以为病。留意
14、于物，虽微物足以为病，虽尤物不足以为乐。老子曰：五色令人目盲，五音令人耳聋，五味令人口爽，驰骋田猎令人心发狂。然圣人未尝废此四者，亦聊以寓意焉耳。刘备之雄才也，而好结髦。嵇康之达也，而好锻炼。阮孚之放也，而好蜡屐。此岂有声色臭味也哉，而乐之终身不厌。凡物之可喜，足以悦人而不足以移人者，莫若书与画。然至其留意而不释，则其祸有不可胜言者。钟繇至以此呕血发冢，宋孝武、王僧虔至以此相忌，„„皆以儿戏害其国，凶其身。此留意之祸也。 始吾少时，尝好此二者，家之所有，惟恐其失之；人之所有，惟恐其不吾予也。既而自笑曰：吾薄富贵而厚于书，轻死生而重于画，岂不颠倒错缪失其本心也哉？自是不复
15、好。见可喜者虽时复蓄之，然为人取去，亦不复惜也。譬之烟云之过眼，百鸟之感耳，岂不欣然接之，然去而不复念也。于是乎二物者常为吾乐，而不能为吾病。驸马都尉王君晋卿虽在戚里，而其被服礼义，学问诗书，常与寒士角。平居攘去膏粱，屏远声色，而从事于书画。作宝绘堂于私笫之东，以蓄其所有，而求文以为记。恐其不幸而类吾少时之所好，故以是告之，庶几全其乐而远其病也。熙宁十年七月二十二日记。（本文有删节）注：锻炼：打铁。下列各组句子中，加点词的意义和用法不同的一组是（）。A.B.C.D.7.君子可以寓意于物，而不可以留意于物。寓意于物，虽微物足以为乐，虽尤物不足以为病。留意于物，虽微物足以为病，虽尤物不足以为乐。老
16、子曰：五色令人目盲，五音令人耳聋，五味令人口爽，驰骋田猎令人心发狂。然圣人未尝废此四者，亦聊以寓意焉耳。刘备之雄才也，而好结髦。嵇康之达也，而好锻炼。阮孚之放也，而好蜡屐。此岂有声色臭味也哉，而乐之终身不厌。凡物之可喜，足以悦人而不足以移人者，莫若书与画。然至其留意而不释，则其祸有不可胜言者。钟繇至以此呕血发冢，宋孝武、王僧虔至以此相忌，„„皆以儿戏害其国，凶其身。此留意之祸也。 始吾少时，尝好此二者，家之所有，惟恐其失之；人之所有，惟恐其不吾予也。既而自笑曰：吾薄富贵而厚于书，轻死生而重于画，岂不颠倒错缪失其本心也哉？自是不复好。见可喜者虽时复蓄之，然为人取去，亦不复
17、惜也。譬之烟云之过眼，百鸟之感耳，岂不欣然接之，然去而不复念也。于是乎二物者常为吾乐，而不能为吾病。驸马都尉王君晋卿虽在戚里，而其被服礼义，学问诗书，常与寒士角。平居攘去膏粱，屏远声色，而从事于书画。作宝绘堂于私笫之东，以蓄其所有，而求文以为记。恐其不幸而类吾少时之所好，故以是告之，庶几全其乐而远其病也。熙宁十年七月二十二日记。（本文有删节）注：锻炼：打铁。下列句子中，加下划线词的用法与其他三项不同的一项是（）。A足以悦人而不足以移人者B凶其身C吾薄富贵而厚于书D庶几全其乐而远其病也8.“苏格拉底法”又称为_。A问答法B发现法C讲授法D雄辩术9.墨子的教育思想中，除注重文史知识的掌握和逻辑思维
18、能力的培养外，还包括_。A“兼爱、非攻”B“弃仁绝义”C“道法自然”D“化性起伪”10.根据水浒传的描述，在头脑中再造出武松打虎的情景的过程，就属于_。A无意想象B再造想象C创造想象D幻想11.普通中小学教育的性质是_。A做人教育B职业教育C基础教育D专业教育12.Could you do me a favor and take the box up to the sixth floor _.AWith pleasureBMy pleasureCNo wonderDNo comment13.Which of the two computer games did you prefer Actua
19、lly I didnt like _.Aboth of themBeither of themCnone of themDneither of them14._ the police thought he was the most likely one，since they had no exact proof about it，they could not arrest himAAlthoughBAs long asCIf onlyDAs soon as15.Have you got any idea for the summer vacation I dont mind where we
20、go _ theres sun，sea and beachAas ifBas long asCnow thatDin order that16.If you leave the club，you will not be _ back inAreceivedBadmittedCturnedDmoved17.The girl likes _ and _Atomatos，chickenBtomatoes，chickensCtomatoes，chickenDtomato，chickens18.He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _
21、 it differentlyAcould expressBwould expressCcould have expressedDmust have expressed19.Why dont we choose that road to save time The bridge to it _Ahas repairedBis repairedCis being repairedDwill be repaired20.To our surprise，the stranger _ to be an old friend of my mothersAturned outBturned upCset
22、outDset up21._ the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international starsAGivingBHaving givenCTo giveDGiven22._ new buildings will be built in my hometownAA great deals ofBA lots ofCA plenty ofDA great number of23.Daniels family _ their holiday in Mount Huang t
23、his time next weekAare enjoyingBare to enjoyCwill enjoyDwill be enjoying24.Because of the financial crisis，days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6，000 yuanfor one nightAifBwhenCwhichDsince25.The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office buildingAin itBinCthatDin which26.I
24、m going on a trip to Hainan after the exam Really _ !AHave a nice timeBCongratulationsCOKDIts nice of you27.B 28.A 29.E 30.C 31.It’s no use，Mum，said JohnnyI’m just no good at dancingYou’ve got to keep tryingTonight will be (16) ，dearTry a turn with that pretty LisetteJohnny (17) Ev
25、ery Saturday night used to be the best of the weekHe and his parents went to the (18) at the Club，where his hero，Alcide，played the accordion(手风琴)with the bandBut lately everything had changedNow that Johnny was older，he was (19) to dance with a girl!(20) Johnny and his parents arrived at the Club，mu
26、sic had already startedJohnny got up his (21) to approach LisetteMay I have this danceJohnny askedThat’s all right，said LisetteJohnny struggled to keep up with Lisette’s (22) steps，but he was always one beat behind her. Then Johnny heard his friend Pierre say, Look! Johnny has two left f
27、eet! (23) burst from the crowd. Johnny (24) and ran outside, determined never to go to another dance.The next Saturday, Alcide (25) to Johnny’ s house for some potatoes. He happened to hear Johnny playing the accordion. Alcide’ s eyes (26) Bring that accordion and play some songs to-nigh
28、t, Alcide said. Then he drove off, leaving Johnny staring open-mouthed (27) him.At the Club, Johnny scanned the crowd for Lisette and (28) her. The band played for a long time before Alcide said, Dear friends, I got a (29) for you tonight. Young Johnny is going to join us! (30) , Johnny stepped up o
29、n the platform, his eyes on the floor. He began to play, and the band (31) behind him. When the song ended, he heard cheers. Johnny kept playing until the dance was (32) You did a fine job tonight. Play with us again next Saturday night, Alcide said. Yes, sir! said Johnny. (33) he went outside, John
30、ny saw Lisette and her friends near the door. Lisette stepped (34) , smiling. You played really good tonight! she said.Thank you, Johnny blushed (脸红). As he walked on, Pierre (35) moved out of the way for him to pass.Johnny patted his accordion. Come to think of it, in his whole life, he had never o
31、nce seen Alcide out on the dance floor.16（）A. difficultB. troublesomeC. differentD. terrible32.D 33.B 34.C 35.A 36.E 37.D 38.It’s no use，Mum，said JohnnyI’m just no good at dancingYou’ve got to keep tryingTonight will be (16) ，dearTry a turn with that pretty LisetteJohnny (17) Every
32、 Saturday night used to be the best of the weekHe and his parents went to the (18) at the Club，where his hero，Alcide，played the accordion(手风琴)with the bandBut lately everything had changedNow that Johnny was older，he was (19) to dance with a girl!(20) Johnny and his parents arrived at the Club，music
33、 had already startedJohnny got up his (21) to approach LisetteMay I have this danceJohnny askedThat’s all right，said LisetteJohnny struggled to keep up with Lisette’s (22) steps，but he was always one beat behind her. Then Johnny heard his friend Pierre say, Look! Johnny has two left feet
34、! (23) burst from the crowd. Johnny (24) and ran outside, determined never to go to another dance.The next Saturday, Alcide (25) to Johnny’ s house for some potatoes. He happened to hear Johnny playing the accordion. Alcide’ s eyes (26) Bring that accordion and play some songs to-night,
35、Alcide said. Then he drove off, leaving Johnny staring open-mouthed (27) him.At the Club, Johnny scanned the crowd for Lisette and (28) her. The band played for a long time before Alcide said, Dear friends, I got a (29) for you tonight. Young Johnny is going to join us! (30) , Johnny stepped up on t
36、he platform, his eyes on the floor. He began to play, and the band (31) behind him. When the song ended, he heard cheers. Johnny kept playing until the dance was (32) You did a fine job tonight. Play with us again next Saturday night, Alcide said. Yes, sir! said Johnny. (33) he went outside, Johnny
37、saw Lisette and her friends near the door. Lisette stepped (34) , smiling. You played really good tonight! she said.Thank you, Johnny blushed (脸红). As he walked on, Pierre (35) moved out of the way for him to pass.Johnny patted his accordion. Come to think of it, in his whole life, he had never once
38、 seen Alcide out on the dance floor.17（）A. answeredB. sighedC. smiledD. laughed39.C 40.B 41.A 42.E 43.D 44.It’s no use，Mum，said JohnnyI’m just no good at dancingYou’ve got to keep tryingTonight will be (16) ，dearTry a turn with that pretty LisetteJohnny (17) Every Saturday night us
39、ed to be the best of the weekHe and his parents went to the (18) at the Club，where his hero，Alcide，played the accordion(手风琴)with the bandBut lately everything had changedNow that Johnny was older，he was (19) to dance with a girl!(20) Johnny and his parents arrived at the Club，music had already start
40、edJohnny got up his (21) to approach LisetteMay I have this danceJohnny askedThat’s all right，said LisetteJohnny struggled to keep up with Lisette’s (22) steps，but he was always one beat behind her. Then Johnny heard his friend Pierre say, Look! Johnny has two left feet! (23) burst from
41、the crowd. Johnny (24) and ran outside, determined never to go to another dance.The next Saturday, Alcide (25) to Johnny’ s house for some potatoes. He happened to hear Johnny playing the accordion. Alcide’ s eyes (26) Bring that accordion and play some songs to-night, Alcide said. Then
42、he drove off, leaving Johnny staring open-mouthed (27) him.At the Club, Johnny scanned the crowd for Lisette and (28) her. The band played for a long time before Alcide said, Dear friends, I got a (29) for you tonight. Young Johnny is going to join us! (30) , Johnny stepped up on the platform, his e
43、yes on the floor. He began to play, and the band (31) behind him. When the song ended, he heard cheers. Johnny kept playing until the dance was (32) You did a fine job tonight. Play with us again next Saturday night, Alcide said. Yes, sir! said Johnny. (33) he went outside, Johnny saw Lisette and he
44、r friends near the door. Lisette stepped (34) , smiling. You played really good tonight! she said.Thank you, Johnny blushed (脸红). As he walked on, Pierre (35) moved out of the way for him to pass.Johnny patted his accordion. Come to think of it, in his whole life, he had never once seen Alcide out o
45、n the dance floor.18（）A. platformB. appointmentC. meetingD. dance45.C 46.B 47.A 48.E 49.D 50.It’s no use，Mum，said JohnnyI’m just no good at dancingYou’ve got to keep tryingTonight will be (16) ，dearTry a turn with that pretty LisetteJohnny (17) Every Saturday night used to be the b
46、est of the weekHe and his parents went to the (18) at the Club，where his hero，Alcide，played the accordion(手风琴)with the bandBut lately everything had changedNow that Johnny was older，he was (19) to dance with a girl!(20) Johnny and his parents arrived at the Club，music had already startedJohnny got up his (21) to approach LisetteMay I have this danceJohnny askedThat’s all right，said LisetteJohnny struggled to keep up with Lisette’s (22) steps，but he was always one beat behind her. Then Johnny heard his friend Pierre