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1、2022北京公共英语考试模拟卷（3）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Although lie detectors are widely used by governments, police departments and businesses, the results are not always accurate. Lie detectors are commonly (1) as emotion detectors, for their aim is to (2) bo
2、dily changes that contradict what a (3) says. The lie detector records changes (4) heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and the electrical (5) of the skin. In the first part of the (6) , you are electronically connected to the machine and (7) a few neutral question(What is your name etc). Your phy
3、sical reactions serve (8) the standard for evaluating what comes (9) Then you are presented with a few (10) questions among the neutral ones(When did you rob the bank). The idea is that if you are (11) , your body will reveal the truth, even if you try to (12) it. Your heart rate and breathing will
4、change (13) as you respond to the questions.That is the theory, but psychologists have found that lie detectors are simply not(14) .Since most physical changes are the same across (15) emotions, lie detectors can- not tell (16) you are feeling angry, nervous or excited. (17) people may be tense and
5、nervous (18) the whole procedure. They may react physiologically to a certain word (bank) not because they robbed it, but because they recently used a bad check. In either (19) ,the machine will record a lie.On the other hand, some practiced liars can lie (20) hesitation, so the reverse mistake is a
6、lso common.20（）AbeyondBthroughCwithoutDagainst2.Western-style conversations often develop quite differently from Japanese-style conversations.A Western-style conversation between two people is like a (1) of tennis. If I introduce a topic, a conversational ball, I expect you do (2) it back. If you ag
7、ree with me, I don’t expect you simply to agree and to (3) more. I expect you to add something to carry the idea further. (4) I don’t expect you always to agree. I am just as (5) if you completely disagree with me. (6) you agree or disagree, your (7) will return the ball to me. And then
8、it is my turn (8) . I don’t serve a new ball from my (9) starting line. I hit your ball back again to you by (10) your idea further. And so the ball goes back and forth, (11) each of us doing our best to give it a new twist.A Japanese-style conversation, (12) , is not at all like tennis or vol
9、leyball. It’s like bowling. You (13) for your turn. And you always know your (14) in line. It depends on such things as whether you are older or younger, a close friend or a relative stranger (15) the previous speaker, in a senior or junior position, and so on. When your turn comes, you (16) u
10、p to the starting line with your bowling ball, and (17) bowl it. Everyone else stands back and watches politely, whispering (18) . Everyone waits until the ball has reached the end of the alley, and watches to see if it (19) down all the pins, or only some of them, or none of them. There is a pause,
11、 while everyone registers your (20) .1（）AplayBgameCroundDset3.Western-style conversations often develop quite differently from Japanese-style conversations.A Western-style conversation between two people is like a (1) of tennis. If I introduce a topic, a conversational ball, I expect you do (2) it b
12、ack. If you agree with me, I don’t expect you simply to agree and to (3) more. I expect you to add something to carry the idea further. (4) I don’t expect you always to agree. I am just as (5) if you completely disagree with me. (6) you agree or disagree, your (7) will return the ball to
13、 me. And then it is my turn (8) . I don’t serve a new ball from my (9) starting line. I hit your ball back again to you by (10) your idea further. And so the ball goes back and forth, (11) each of us doing our best to give it a new twist.A Japanese-style conversation, (12) , is not at all like
14、 tennis or volleyball. It’s like bowling. You (13) for your turn. And you always know your (14) in line. It depends on such things as whether you are older or younger, a close friend or a relative stranger (15) the previous speaker, in a senior or junior position, and so on. When your turn com
15、es, you (16) up to the starting line with your bowling ball, and (17) bowl it. Everyone else stands back and watches politely, whispering (18) . Everyone waits until the ball has reached the end of the alley, and watches to see if it (19) down all the pins, or only some of them, or none of them. The
16、re is a pause, while everyone registers your (20) .2（）AhitBmoveCthrowDpush4.Western-style conversations often develop quite differently from Japanese-style conversations.A Western-style conversation between two people is like a (1) of tennis. If I introduce a topic, a conversational ball, I expect y
17、ou do (2) it back. If you agree with me, I don’t expect you simply to agree and to (3) more. I expect you to add something to carry the idea further. (4) I don’t expect you always to agree. I am just as (5) if you completely disagree with me. (6) you agree or disagree, your (7) will retu
18、rn the ball to me. And then it is my turn (8) . I don’t serve a new ball from my (9) starting line. I hit your ball back again to you by (10) your idea further. And so the ball goes back and forth, (11) each of us doing our best to give it a new twist.A Japanese-style conversation, (12) , is n
19、ot at all like tennis or volleyball. It’s like bowling. You (13) for your turn. And you always know your (14) in line. It depends on such things as whether you are older or younger, a close friend or a relative stranger (15) the previous speaker, in a senior or junior position, and so on. When
20、 your turn comes, you (16) up to the starting line with your bowling ball, and (17) bowl it. Everyone else stands back and watches politely, whispering (18) . Everyone waits until the ball has reached the end of the alley, and watches to see if it (19) down all the pins, or only some of them, or non
21、e of them. There is a pause, while everyone registers your (20) .3（）AeverythingBanythingCnothingDsomething5.Western-style conversations often develop quite differently from Japanese-style conversations.A Western-style conversation between two people is like a (1) of tennis. If I introduce a topic, a
22、 conversational ball, I expect you do (2) it back. If you agree with me, I don’t expect you simply to agree and to (3) more. I expect you to add something to carry the idea further. (4) I don’t expect you always to agree. I am just as (5) if you completely disagree with me. (6) you agree
23、 or disagree, your (7) will return the ball to me. And then it is my turn (8) . I don’t serve a new ball from my (9) starting line. I hit your ball back again to you by (10) your idea further. And so the ball goes back and forth, (11) each of us doing our best to give it a new twist.A Japanese
24、-style conversation, (12) , is not at all like tennis or volleyball. It’s like bowling. You (13) for your turn. And you always know your (14) in line. It depends on such things as whether you are older or younger, a close friend or a relative stranger (15) the previous speaker, in a senior or
25、junior position, and so on. When your turn comes, you (16) up to the starting line with your bowling ball, and (17) bowl it. Everyone else stands back and watches politely, whispering (18) . Everyone waits until the ball has reached the end of the alley, and watches to see if it (19) down all the pi
26、ns, or only some of them, or none of them. There is a pause, while everyone registers your (20) .4（）AThenBSoCInsteadDBut6.Western-style conversations often develop quite differently from Japanese-style conversations.A Western-style conversation between two people is like a (1) of tennis. If I introd
27、uce a topic, a conversational ball, I expect you do (2) it back. If you agree with me, I don’t expect you simply to agree and to (3) more. I expect you to add something to carry the idea further. (4) I don’t expect you always to agree. I am just as (5) if you completely disagree with me.
28、 (6) you agree or disagree, your (7) will return the ball to me. And then it is my turn (8) . I don’t serve a new ball from my (9) starting line. I hit your ball back again to you by (10) your idea further. And so the ball goes back and forth, (11) each of us doing our best to give it a new tw
29、ist.A Japanese-style conversation, (12) , is not at all like tennis or volleyball. It’s like bowling. You (13) for your turn. And you always know your (14) in line. It depends on such things as whether you are older or younger, a close friend or a relative stranger (15) the previous speaker, i
30、n a senior or junior position, and so on. When your turn comes, you (16) up to the starting line with your bowling ball, and (17) bowl it. Everyone else stands back and watches politely, whispering (18) . Everyone waits until the ball has reached the end of the alley, and watches to see if it (19) d
31、own all the pins, or only some of them, or none of them. There is a pause, while everyone registers your (20) .5（）AanxiousBseriousChappyDgrateful7.Western-style conversations often develop quite differently from Japanese-style conversations.A Western-style conversation between two people is like a (
32、1) of tennis. If I introduce a topic, a conversational ball, I expect you do (2) it back. If you agree with me, I don’t expect you simply to agree and to (3) more. I expect you to add something to carry the idea further. (4) I don’t expect you always to agree. I am just as (5) if you com
33、pletely disagree with me. (6) you agree or disagree, your (7) will return the ball to me. And then it is my turn (8) . I don’t serve a new ball from my (9) starting line. I hit your ball back again to you by (10) your idea further. And so the ball goes back and forth, (11) each of us doing our
34、 best to give it a new twist.A Japanese-style conversation, (12) , is not at all like tennis or volleyball. It’s like bowling. You (13) for your turn. And you always know your (14) in line. It depends on such things as whether you are older or younger, a close friend or a relative stranger (15
35、) the previous speaker, in a senior or junior position, and so on. When your turn comes, you (16) up to the starting line with your bowling ball, and (17) bowl it. Everyone else stands back and watches politely, whispering (18) . Everyone waits until the ball has reached the end of the alley, and wa
36、tches to see if it (19) down all the pins, or only some of them, or none of them. There is a pause, while everyone registers your (20) .6（）AAfterBBecauseCThoughDWhether8.Western-style conversations often develop quite differently from Japanese-style conversations.A Western-style conversation between
37、 two people is like a (1) of tennis. If I introduce a topic, a conversational ball, I expect you do (2) it back. If you agree with me, I don’t expect you simply to agree and to (3) more. I expect you to add something to carry the idea further. (4) I don’t expect you always to agree. I am
38、 just as (5) if you completely disagree with me. (6) you agree or disagree, your (7) will return the ball to me. And then it is my turn (8) . I don’t serve a new ball from my (9) starting line. I hit your ball back again to you by (10) your idea further. And so the ball goes back and forth, (1
39、1) each of us doing our best to give it a new twist.A Japanese-style conversation, (12) , is not at all like tennis or volleyball. It’s like bowling. You (13) for your turn. And you always know your (14) in line. It depends on such things as whether you are older or younger, a close friend or
40、a relative stranger (15) the previous speaker, in a senior or junior position, and so on. When your turn comes, you (16) up to the starting line with your bowling ball, and (17) bowl it. Everyone else stands back and watches politely, whispering (18) . Everyone waits until the ball has reached the e
41、nd of the alley, and watches to see if it (19) down all the pins, or only some of them, or none of them. There is a pause, while everyone registers your (20) .7（）AresponseBactionCoperationDservice9.When Amber Post started graduate school in physics at Princeton, her goal was the same as her male col
42、leagues’: a teaching post at a major university. Now with her Ph.D. just a year away, Post is thinking instead about working for a policy-marking agency in Washington. Although Princeton, with Shirley Tilghman as the president, is welcoming to female scientists, Post senses that her reception
43、in the larger academic world might be chillier. At famous universities, the percentage of women earning doctor’s degrees in science and engineering is considerably higher than the percent-age of women professorswhich means that a lot of talented women Ph.D. s like Post leave campus for jobs in
44、 government or industry instead of climbing the teaching ladder.Stopping this female brain drain has been a challenge for years. At a recent academic conference, Harvard president Lawrence Summers suggested that women aren’t succeeding because they lack ability in math and science by nature. H
45、is comments drew immediate criticism. Indeed, scientists have uncovered some differences in male and female brains, but it’s unclear how these differences affect talent.Summers proposed two other possible problems for women: the conflict between work and life, and absolute prejudice against wo
46、men (which he seemed to dismiss). Many women scientists blame these two problems for the lack of women professors. Junior teachers need to spend their 20s and 30s on research and publication. Those are the same years when women have children. Time is an enemy for women in other professions, especial
47、ly law and medicine. But while women doctors and lawyers benefit from lots of successful role models, academic science continues to belong to men chiefly. The atmosphere isn’t compelling or welcoming, Post says. Too many of my female friends drop out of graduate programs simply because the env
48、ironment is disappointing, not because they can’t handle the math. Even against this background, there has been some progress. More universities are pushing hard with stepped-up recruitment efforts and trying hard to assist staff members with young families. But ultimately, the best remedy against prejudice would be more women on top, like Princeton’s Tilghman.Amber Post is thinking about a job in government because（）.Ait is the usual goal of the Ph. D. stu