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1、托福听力材料整理托福听力素材：30个美国校内场景1.东西丢了：lost the key，cant found the note2.剃头：hardly bald, hairstyle change for not covering the eyes, cut curl hair3.搭车：pick up the third one at the airline, give me a ride to the office4.穿衣: a jean and T-shirt for interview is casual, clothes is wet before the concert5.花须要光:
2、put the flower to the window, the bookcase will prevent the sunlight, need the fresh6.忘了: slip my mind, forgot to give the note to someone7.图书馆: spend the whole day in the library, make the photocopy at library, meet at the library, return the books to the library, library is a better place to study
3、8.室友: looking for a roommate, roommate should apologize, roommate is too noisy,9.吃的:fish cant be eat, berry is a bush even for a bird, bread is over toasted, vegetables are over cooked, bread may be in the refrigerator,10.借东西: lend me calculus book(calculator), borrow the money from check, borrow ca
4、r for shopping11.天气：clean up for picnic, cold enough for skating, snowing too much to fly, so hot that we need an air conditioner,12.作业能否完成：wait till the last minute, chemistry test without time for reading, fill out the financial aid form without the priority, paper extended to the next week13.第三者:
5、 have done it for me14.排队: magazine to kill the time, read the magazine twice, go early for not queue15.得病看医生: need another doctor, it is open till 10 at the health center, take the pill the doctor assigned,16.没空帮忙: cant give you a ride due to the meeting tomorrow morning,17.熬炼减肥: lost weight, two b
6、lue clothes but one with the large size18.电影或音乐会: see the concert twice make sense again, sell ticket to you so that you come with me, lectured by some professor is worth watching,19.还书: return so as not to pay fine, help me return the books,20.重新考虑以前的确定: reconsider your decision,21.转让: movie ticket
7、22.加入社团: garden club, find another committee member to replace,23.认不出来: beard, bother is different,24.住房: find an apartment under 500 dollars, find a larger apartment, live nearer to the campus25.放松: join a entertainment club for leisure, spend more time outdoors,26.约会: (appointment), reschedule one
8、 of the appointment27.关门了(过期了): museum closed, cafeteria closed,28.照相: film run out, film not processed, film not good29.同去: come go with me30.太吵: too noisy, cant concentrate托福听力场景之艺术场景分析一、艺术场景细分艺术类场景的细分就比较困难了。首先，艺术类可以简洁分为：艺术家及艺术形式，艺术史(art history)，艺术理论，艺术爱护(art conservation)这四个话题。其中，艺术形式涉及的内容就更多了，按
9、目前TPO里的讲座来看，详细的艺术形式可以有：电影、歌剧、诗歌、散文、话剧、建筑、雕塑、绘画、音乐及乐器、舞蹈等。这个话题主要是说艺术家及其风格特色;艺术史着重的是与艺术有关的人或事情的发展，历史价值;艺术理论比较抽象，我们可以这么理解，假如艺术家和艺术形式是在讲详细的画，画中的景，景用的颜色等，那么艺术理论就是在说，颜色要怎么调，景色要怎么选;艺术爱护类的文章，顾名思义，不仅说详细的艺术品，还会探讨如何爱护不会损坏，如何修复。二、艺术场景难度分析艺术场景难度起伏比较大，有的时候会比较简洁，有的时候也是噩梦。词汇难度首先，从场景词汇的角度去说，由于详细的场景可以有特别多的细分，因此，艺术类场景
10、的词汇特别繁杂。比如，绘画这个场景中常出现的词汇有：brush 画笔;canvas 帆布、画布;sketch 素描、描绘;figure人物;gallery 画廊;pigment 颜料文学类的文章中常出现的词汇有：chapter 章节;biography 传纪;fiction 小说;character 人物;tale 故事;plot 情节电影类的文章中常出现的词汇有：edit 编辑;sciencefiction 科幻;costume 戏服;Narration 旁白简洁以上面三个详细话题为例，我们发觉，不同的场景里最常出现的词汇都不太一样，因为这些详细的艺术类型本身区分也比较大。词汇的繁杂也就体现
11、在这里，因为艺术类场景所涉及的详细艺术形式有许多，且词汇相互重复率不高，因此要敏捷驾驭的单词数量也不少。除了词汇数量之外，许多艺术类词汇还体现了另外一个特点：一词多义，或者说熟词僻义。比如说，TPO 1的第1篇讲油画的讲座中就出现了N次movement这个词，“so, youve probably studies both of these movements, separately, separatemovements, realism and impressionism in some of your art history courses”, ”thisgives her an unde
12、rstanding of body movements and actions, how humans move andstand still”这两个句子当中movement明显不是同一个意思，后一句中的movement是常见的“移动”的意思，但第一个句子中的movement的意思，就肯定不是移动，依据上下文，应当是类似style的意思。当然，后句中still也是熟词僻义，表示静止的意思。朗阁海外考试探讨中心的专家在探讨和跟踪考试的过程中发觉，艺术类中的一词多义最多，比如setting, 常见意思为“设置”，艺术里表示“背景”，这还算是一个艺术场景中比较普遍的词汇;pattern, 常见意思为
13、“模式”，还有“花纹”的意思;vibrant, 常见意思为“有生命力的”，艺术讲座中还有“光明”的意思，比如vibrant color; hero, 在艺术类文章中还可以表示“男主角”。文章难度艺术类文章难度浮动大也就体现在这一方面。一般来说，讲艺术家及艺术形式的文章是相对比较简洁的，虽然艺术类的大背景许多同学不算熟识，但ETS选择的艺术家、艺术品、艺术风格基本都是比较易于接受和理解的，比较生活化的。比如说，在绘画类的讲座中，有提过梵高，有提过莫奈，有提过许多闻名的画家，他们的风格和作品都是一般人可以理解的，但没有提过毕加索，因为他老人家的风格就是没有固定的风格，他的画许多人看着也不理解，听了
14、讲解也似懂非懂，他的画体现的内容还有社会的扭曲这样抽象、深层次的内容，他的造诣很高，但许多作品不大众化。一般来说，艺术家及艺术形式类文章不会找这些如此不大众化的内容，而且，作为语言类考试，虽然会有讲详细艺术专业的内容，但一般不会考到。同样以TPO 1中的第1篇讲座为例，文章中有讲解并描述详细的某幅油画是怎么画的，这样的内容出现了3次，“Its anoutdoor scene, an everyday scene. Its kind of bleak(画面萧条), which you can really see those broad brushstrokes(笔触很宽)and the blu
15、rry lines(线条模糊).”和“Impressionist painters tended to apply paintreally thickly(油彩有的厚), and in big brushstrokes(大笔触), so the texture of the canvas was rough.”以及“the background of the painting, this woman with the pumpkins，is wrapped in a blanket of broad thick brushstrokes(画的背景就是以厚厚宽宽的笔触画上去的一层油彩), and
16、, its all kinds of zigzagging brushstrokes(锯齿状笔触)and lines, kind of chaotic almost when you look atit close. And there are vibrant colors. Theres lots of orange, with littlehints of an electric blue peeking out(点缀着星星点点的闪电蓝).” 以上这么多内容，说法虽专业，但一个字也没有考到!综上，讲艺术家及艺术形式的文章对于词汇量没什么大问题的考生来说算是不难的。艺术史同样也是比较简单的，
17、艺术史当中强调的是历史，有的时候会结合详细的艺术家，艺术风格进行分析，比如TPO 3的第2篇讲座，讲电影史的，就有提到两个不同的电影制作家，以及各自的风格;而有时，艺术史就单纯的在讲历史事务的发生或者发展，比如TPO 8的第2篇讲座，讲艺术史的，就是在讲女子艺术学校的发展，没有提到详细的艺术作品或者艺术风格。只要单词不是硬伤，这类文章也很好理解。而讲艺术理论和艺术爱护的文章，可能就没前两种那么简洁了。虽然没有哪篇艺术类文章开头说的是“Listen to part of a lecture in an art theoryclass”，但艺术理论类的文章的确不一样，其中不牵涉到详细的艺术风格、艺
18、术作品、艺术家，就是单纯在讲理论，比如，TPO 27的第4篇讲座，就是在讲3原色的理论;托福听力机经中也有出现过考golden ratio黄金分割的理论及其应用。这些文章之所以难，缘由之一是比较抽象，当然，假如本身对于内容背景，比如三原色理论或者黄金分割的概念特别清晰的，那听力理解确定比较充分。但对于背景学问不是很了解的考生，这样抽象的文章，就会听得似懂非懂，这就好比去听这样的一句话“The term cognition refers to mental states likeknowing and believing, and to mental process that we use to
19、 arrive at thosestates”, 词汇都没问题，翻译过来的意思是：认知这个术语指的是心理状态，比如知道，或者信任，同样也指心理过程，通过这些心理过程会达到之前说的心理状态。且不论英文，中文的意思都比较抽象，不详细，没例子，所以理解起来确定会有困难。在ETS发布的官方指南(OG)中，对于听力22分以上的考生是认定为水平高的考生，而ETS认为高水平的考生具备的听力实力当中就有这么一条：“understand abstract or complex ideas”，因此意思抽象的文章绝非偶然，是确定会有的，是ETS支配好的来考察考生听力实力凹凸的一项。当然，除了意思抽象之外，艺术理论类
20、的文章还有一个难点，同样也是艺术爱护类文章的难点：学科交叉内容比较多。在OG中，就有这样的要求，考生须要“understanddifferent kinds of material on a variety of topics”，这指的就可以是学科交叉。学科交叉就是指会涉及到其他学科的内容，比如TPO 15的第3篇讲座，讲的是阿基米德重写稿的保存和复原，其中的保存部分就涉及到了物理的内容，ultraviolet light, X-ray等这样的词汇和概念;同样刚刚提过的TPO 27的第4篇讲3原色的讲座，也讲到了心理学(psychology, emotions)，物理学(spectrum, w
21、ave length)。学科交叉的难点在于对于听力细微环节把握的要求比较高，容错率比较低，假如有些内容没听懂，很有可能就不理解学科间是如何转换的，不理解艺术类的文章怎么就突然说到物理的光谱、波长，这样一来，对文章的理解就会有不到位，终归“recognize how pieces of information are connected”也是OG中给出的托福听力高分要点之一。三、如何应对艺术类场景难点假如艺术类场景词汇有所欠缺，最好的方式不是买本单词书去背，而是利用“学科听力法”，即不按TPO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5这样的依次去听，而是按话题去听，把艺术类话题的讲座都找出来，短时间内练习完，
22、那么重要的、常见的单词确定会在数篇文章中不止一次的听见，从而加深印象。当然，为了应对艺术类文章中的一词多义或者熟词僻义，那就须要在对文章理解的过程中不得过且过，抓住每一个理解不顺的细微环节，因为假如有内容理解不顺，确定说明它不是你想的那个意思。对于眼熟，但是意思说不太通的单词，肯定要有耐性去翻字典查一查。而假如是文章内容抽象，或者文章学科交叉现象多的，不仅须要多听艺术类的文章，而且还要多听其他话题的文章，比如心理学类型的文章通常都比较抽象，可以多听多体会，而艺术类场景比较简单涉及到另外几个场景，比如，考古、物理、心理，也要利用“学科听力法”多多练习。托福听力备考之同音词汇总eight - nu
23、mber between 7 and 9, 8ate - past tense of eat, 吃的过去式bear - a big, hairy animalbear - to be able to withstand somethingbare - exposedbred - past tense of breed 繁殖的过去式bread - a type of food 面包be - is 主动词 bebee - an insect 蜜蜂caught - past tense of catch 抓的过去式cot - a portable bed that folds for storage
24、 轻巧小床fan - a device for moving air 风扇fan - short for fanatic 狂热，爱好者groan - noise made in misery 呻吟grown - fully mature 长大的hart- 雄鹿heart - energetic or enthusiastic 心脏herd - a group of animals 牧群heard - past tense of hear 听的过去式I - me, myself 我eye - body part we see with 眼睛made - past tense of make 做的
25、过去式maid - a lady that cleans home or hotels for a living 女佣no - opposite of yes 不know - be aware of something 知道roes - plural of roe = an argument 雌鹿的过去式rows - plural of row = a row (line, queue) of vegetables planted in a farmer's field, a row of seats in a theatre 行，排rows - present tense of ro
26、w, as in rowing a boat (propelling a boat through the water with a paddle) 划船的现在式rose - a beautiful flower that grows on a thorny stem 玫瑰wring - twist 绞，扭ring - noise a bell makes 敲钟，打电话scent - smell 气味sent - past tense of send 邮寄的过去式see - to view somethingsea - large body of salt waterthrew - past
27、tense of throwthrough - finished or completed, also, to give direction (Go through the tunnel)tail - cats and dogs have them 尾巴tale - a story 故事there they're theirweek - 7 daysweak - not strongworn - well used 用旧的，疲乏的warn - to give notice of potential danger 警告wood - what we get from treeswould
28、- past tense of willwore - past tense of wear 穿的过去式war - what we call it when two countries' armies are fightingone - a single unitwon - past tense of winyou'llYule- 圣诞季节托福听力地质学中的“岩石”词汇分类岩石(rock)一般分为三大类：(一)火成岩(igneous rock)是指岩浆冷却后(地壳里喷出的岩浆，或者被溶化的现存岩石)，成形的一种岩石。常见的火成岩有：花岗岩 granite: a very hard
29、 grey rock, often used in building玄武岩 basalt: a type of black rock produced by volcanoes黑曜石 obsidian: a type of rock that looks like black glass浮石 pumice: very light grey rock from a volcanogranite basalt obsidian pumice托福TPO真题链接：Dating was used to establish that half of the sandstone in the samples
30、 was formed at the same time the granite in the Appalachian Mountains was formed. TPO-1(二)沉积岩(sedimentary rock)是在地表不太深的地方，将其他岩石的风化产物和一些火山喷发物，经过水流或冰川的搬运、沉积、成岩作用形成的岩石。常见的沉积岩有：煤 coal: a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock砂石 sandstone: a type of soft yellow or red rock石灰石 limestone: a t
31、ype of rock that contains calcium页岩 shale: a smooth soft rock which breaks easily into thin flat pieces石膏 gypsum: a soft white substance白云石 dolomite: a kind of sedimentary rockcoal sandstone limestone shale gypsum dolomite托福TPO真题链接：It was formed from sandstone that solidified somewhere between 150 a
32、nd 300 million years ago. TPO-1Another difference, very important today for distinguishing between older lake beds and newer ones, is the location of the limestone formations. TPO-9(三)变质岩(metamorphic rock)是指受到地球内部力气(温度、压力、应力的改变、化学成分等)改造而成的新型岩石。固态的岩石在地球内部的压力和温度作用下，发生物质成分的迁移和重结晶，形成新的矿物组合。常见的变质岩有：大理石 m
33、arble: a type of hard rock that becomes smooth when it is polished石英石 quartzite: hard metamorphic rock consisting essentially of interlocking quartz crystals板岩 slate: a dark grey rock that can easily be split into flat thin pieces片麻岩 gneiss: a laminated rock similar to granitemarble quartzite slate gneiss托福TPO真题链接：Then they shipped these plastic casts to workshops all over the empire, where they were replicated in marble or bronze. TPO-18托福听力材料整理