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1、新概念英语第四册第14课:The Butterfly EffectFirst listen and then answer the following question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Why do small errors make it impossible to predict the weather system with a high degree of accuracy? Beyond two or three days, the world's best weather forecasts are speculative, and beyond six or
2、 seven they are worthless. 世界上最好的两三天以上的天气预报具有很强的揣测性，假如超过六七天，天气预报就没有了任何价值。 The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather - and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and blizzards - any prediction deteriorates rapidly. Errors and uncertainties multiply, cascading upwar
3、d through a chain of turbulent features, from dust devils and squalls up to continent-size eddies that only satellites can see. 缘由是蝴蝶效应。对于小片的恶劣天气 - 对一个全球性的气象预报员来说，“小”可以意味着雷暴雨和暴风雪 - 任何预料的质量会很快下降。错误和不行靠性上升，接踵而来的是一系列湍流的徵状，从小尘暴和暴风发展到只有卫星上可以看到的席卷整块大陆的旋涡。 The modern weather models work with a grid of poin
4、ts of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some starting data has to guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot intervals all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Suppose
5、every sensor gives perfectly accurate readings of temperature, pressure, humidity, and any other quantity a meteorologist would want. Precisely at noon an infinitely powerful computer takes all the data and calculates what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 1202, then 12.03. 现代气象模型以一个坐标图来显示，图中
6、每个点大约是间隔60英里。既使是这样，有些起先时的资料也不得不依靠推想，因为地面工作站和卫星不行能看到地球上 的每一个地方。假设地球上可以布满传感器，每个相隔1英尺，并按1英尺的间隔从地面始终排列到大气层的顶端。再假定每个传感器都极极端精确地读出了温度、 气压、温度和气象学家须要的任何其他数据。在正午时分，一个功能巨大的计算机搜集了全部的资料，并算出在每一个点上12：01、12：02、12：03时 可能出现的状况。 The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun
7、or rain on a day one month away. At noon the spaces between the sensors will hide fluctuations that the computer will not know about, tiny deviations from the average. By 12.01, those fluctuations will already have created small errors one foot away. Soon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-f
8、oot scale, and so on up to the size of the globe. 计算机无法推断出1个月以后的某一天，新泽西州的普林斯顿原委是晴天还是雨天。正午时分，传感器之间的距离会掩盖计算机无法知道的波动、任何偏平均值的变 化。到12：01时，那些波动就已经会在1英尺远的地方造成偏差。很快这种偏差会增加到尺10英的范围，如此等等，始终到全球的范围。 New words and expressions 生词和短语 forecast n. 预报 speculative adj. 推想的 blizzard n. 暴风雪 deteriorate v. 变坏 multiply v.
9、 增加 cascade v. 瀑布似地落下 turbulent adj. 狂暴的 dust devil 小尘暴，尘旋风 squall n. 暴风 eddy n. 旋涡 grid n. 坐标方格 sensor n. 传感器 humidity n. 温度 meteorologist n. 气象学家 Princeton n. 普林斯顿（美国城市名） New Jersey n. 新泽西（美国州名） fluctuation n. 起伏，波动 deviation n. 偏差 Notes on the text课文注释 1 beyond two or three days , 超过两三天。 2 of the order of , 大约。Lesson 14 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer