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1、新概念英语第一册语法知识点之情态动词的使用新概念英语第一册语法学问点之情态动词的运用can, must, may, might, need情态动词can(能够)， must(必需)， may(可以)结构：主语+can/must/may+动词原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English?变否定句在情态动词后面加notHe cannot make the tea
2、.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.确定回答及否定回答Yes, he can. No, he cannot.Yes, she can. No, she cannot.Yes, we can. No, we cannot.特别疑问句：What can you do?(必背)留意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的改变，不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。1)Must/have to的区分must 表示必需，是主观上觉得应当做，have to是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而have to d
3、o可以用在任何时态2)must, may, might表示揣测：must do 表示对现在事实的揣测must have done表示对过去事实的揣测must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的揣测may/might do, may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的揣测，might的可能性更小。cant/couldnt 表示不行能新概念第一册语法讲解：一般现在时1、含有be动词的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Is h
4、e a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?变否定句在be动词后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.确定回答及否定回答Yes, he is. / No, he is not.Yes, she is. / No, she is not.Yes, they are. / No, they are not.2、不含有be动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子。(1)第三人称单数及单数名词
5、He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.变疑问句在句首加does, 动词变为原型Does he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn't, 动词变为原型，原句中的动词不再有第三人称改变。He doesn't like books.She doesn't like him.The dog doesn't like bones.确定回答及否定回答：Yes, he does. / No, he doesn&
6、#39;t.Yes, she does. / No, she doesn'tYes, it does. / No, it doesn't.留意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S，不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何改变。(2)其他人称及复数名词I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart tea
7、chers?变否定句在主语和动词之间加don't.You don't want to have a bath.We don't have any meat.The students don't like smart teachers.确定回答及否定回答Yes, I do. / No, I don't.Yes, we do. / No, we don'tYes, they do. / No, they don't.新概念第一册语法讲解：现在完成时现在完成时构成：主语+助动词have, has+过去分词用法：1) 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联
8、系的动作，常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用。I have just had lunch. (饱了，不用再吃了。)He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝。)They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了。)The boy has already read the book. (已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了。)2) 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he s
9、een the film?3) 表示起先于过去并持续到现在的动作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4) 表示一种经验，阅历：去过地方，做过事情，经验过事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to表示去过，have gone to 表示去了I have been to London
10、.(人已经回来)He has gone to London.(人还在那里)5) 表示一种结果， 一般不和时间副词联用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型改变：变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.确定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. / No, I have not.特别疑问句What have you done?What has he d
11、one?一般过去时与现在完成时的区分：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时。留意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再持续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用。错：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.对：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.新概念英语第一册语法学问点：定语从句定语从句1.了解定语从句的构成，首先应了解一些相关的基本概念。a.被修饰的名词等成分通常叫做先行词;b.连接先行词和定语从句的词为关系词。2.定语从句由关系代词、关系副词和关系限定词三类关系词连接而成，这
12、三种也将在定语从句讲解中一一说明。定语从句讲解关系词的详细用法1.关系代词 which，who，whom，that 和 as2.关系代词，顾名思义，必有代替对象。上述五个关系代词各有其详细指代对象，在从句中作相应的成分。此外，它们引导的定语从句和先行词是形容词与名词的修饰关系。例句及翻译例句1:Pumas are large，cat-like animals( that/which are found in America.)美洲狮是体形似猫的大型动物，产于美洲。关系代词作从句主语，不行省略。例句2:The house (that/which we built last year) is ve
13、ry attractive.我们去年建立的房子很讨人喜爱。关系代词作从句宾语，可省略。例句3:The novel (with/which most of you are familiar) has been adapted for thescreen.你们大多数都很熟识的那部小说已被改编搬上了荧屏。关系代词干脆置于介词后作介词宾语，此时不行被that替换，也不行省略。例句4:He was no longer the reckless young man( that/which he was two yearsago).他不再是两年前那个莽撞的小伙子了。关系代词作从句表语，可省略;此外，先行词t
14、he young man代表一种状态，属物的范畴，不能用who来引导定语从句。例句5:Migrant workers(to whom much more attention has been paid) strongly desirethat their wages should be duly paid.现在民工受到了社会更大的关注，他们剧烈渴望自己的工资能够刚好发放。关系代词干脆置于介词后作介词宾语，此时不行被who替换，也不行省略。例句6:Such accommodations(as they could find) were generally expensive.他们能够找到的这些居
15、处费用往往比较昂贵。之所以选择关系代词as引导定语从句，是因为前面有such之故。例句7:Such inns(as there were in the mountains) were generally poor.这些山区里的酒馆条件往往比较糟糕。之所以选择关系代词as引导定语从句，是因为前面有such之故。 例句8:This is the same mosquito(as bit you just now).这只蚊子和刚才咬你的那只是同一种蚊子。之所以选择关系代词as引导定语从句，是因为前面有the same之故。定语从句讲解小结：(1)一般来讲，which和that用来替代指物的先行词，在
16、定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语(that不能作介词后面的宾语);who替代指人的先行词，在定语从句中作主语或宾语(但不能作介词后面的宾语);whom是who的宾格形式，替代指人的先行词，在定语从句中只能作宾 语;as作为关系代词，只能用于一些特别搭配(such. as/thesame. as)。(2)that既可指物也可指人，但在当代英语中，多指物。(3)当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语或表语时，常常可省略，但当which，whom 紧跟在介词后则不行省略。例如：Is that the man(with whom you are going to set up a law firm)?Is
17、that the man(who/whom)(you are going to set up a law firm with)?只能用that的情形a.当先行词为 all,much,anything, something, nothing,everything, little,none 等不定代词，或先行词被all，any，every等不定代词修饰时，只能用that替代指物的先行词。例如：That'a all(that I ask for).这就是我要的一切。Is there anything(that I can do for you) ?我可以为您效劳吗?Every tearo(t
18、hat intends to participate in the contest) is to submit a feeof 2000.每一个意欲参与竞赛的队伍都应当缴纳两千元的费用。b.先行词被形容词最髙级修饰，或被the only,the first,the last,the next,thevery等修饰时，只能用that替代指物的先行词。例如： He eats the finest food(that is available).他吃的是所供应的最精致的食物。The first case of bird flu( that was reported in Thailand) capt
19、ured theattention of officials with WHO.泰闰报道的例禽流感引起了世界卫生组织官员们的留意。This is the very book(that I have been hunting for a long time).这就是我长期以来始终找寻的那本书。c.先行词既包括人，又包括物时。例如：He is always talking brilliantly of the book and author(that interestedhim)他对那本书及其作者很感爱好，总是兴致勃勃地谈论着他们。 We were deeply impressed by the
20、school and its teachers (that we hadvisited there).我们访问的学校和老师给我们留下了深刻的印象。(5)只能用which的情形a.用于介词之后(可参见A例句3)。b.用于非限制定语从句中。新概念英语第一册语法学问点：名词性从句名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此依据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。分类引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词(5个)：that
21、(本身无意义。引导单一的宾语从句时that常可省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时that通常不被省略)whether,if (均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)as if ,as though (均表示“似乎”，“好像”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词(10个)：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose,whosever,which, whichever连接副词(7个)：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however不行省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词。2. 引
22、导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不行省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.3. 在从句中做成分的连词.比较whether与if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列状况下，只可用whether：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首。eg:Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.2. 引导表语从句。eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her.3. whether从句作介词宾语。eg:I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job.4.if与whether都可以与or not 连用，但后面紧跟or not 时只能用whether。We didn't know whether or not she was ready.(此时只能用whether)I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.(此时则二者都可以用)5.后面干脆跟动词不定式时。6.引导同位语从句时。新概念英语第一册语法学问点之情态动词的运用