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1、2020高一英语必背语法知识点总结5篇 高一英语语法1 同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步说明,说明名词的详细内容,一般由that引导,例如: 1) The king's decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时
2、可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如: He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区分 (1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。 (2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如: 1) The news that he told me is that T
3、om would go abroad next year.(他告知我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语) 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分) 高一英语语法2 一般现在时 1. 表示现在习惯或常常反复发生的动作或存在的状态, 常与usually, always, sometimes, often, every day / week / month / year等时间状语连用。 例句 He often doe
4、s his homework in his study. 2. 表示主语现在的特征、性格和状态。 例句 The dictionary belongs to me. 3. 表示客观规律或科学真理、格言, 以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在。 例句 The moon goes around the sun. 4. 在有连词if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引导的时间、条件和让步状语从句中, 用一般现在时表将来。 例句 If you work hard, you wont fail in the exam. 高一英语语法3 表语从句
5、表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有thereasonisthat和Itisbecause等结构。例如: 1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime. 2)Thisiswhywecantgetthesupportofthepeople. 3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses. 4)
6、Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus. 四.同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 1.同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步说明,说明名词的详细内容,一般由that引导,例如: 1)Thekingsdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople. 2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral. 高一英语语法4 持续动词与瞬间动词 1) 用于完成时的区
7、分 持续动词表示阅历、经验; 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。 He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果) I've known him since then. 我从那时起就相识他了。(表经验) 2) 用于till / until从句的差异 持续动词用于确定句,表示做直到 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示到,才 He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。 He slept until ten o'clock. 他始终睡到10点。 典型例题 1. Yo
8、u don't need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。 2.-I'm sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 答案A. 等待
9、的动作由过去起先,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。 用一般过去时代替完成时 1) 两个动作如按依次发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。 When she saw the mouse,she screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作须要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。 When I heard the news, I was very excited. 3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。 Our teacher told us that
10、 Columbus discovered America in 1492. 高一英语语法5 1.prefer Prefer doingto doing Prefer to do rather than do 2.advantages/disadvantages优势/劣势 2.Ever since middle school,my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.从中学起,我姐姐王维和我就始终幻想做一次宏大的自行车旅行。 连词since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,介词since与时间点连用 I
11、t is/has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时自从至今已经多久了。 3.persuade sb to do sth=persuade sb into doing sth劝服某人做某事 4.强调句型It is/was+被强调部分+that/who 强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。一般来说,假如被强调部分是人时,用连词that或who;假如被强调部分是物,只能用连词that。 notuntil的强调句 5.be fond of喜爱,宠爱 6.Although尽管,虽然,引导让步状语从句 although 从句多在句首,though 从句可在主句前、中、后任何位置,而且t
12、hough 可以作副词用于句末,作“但是,不过”讲,而although 无此用法。 as though(仿佛,似乎),even though(即使,尽管)中不能用although。 though 引导的让步状语从句可以倒装(将表语、状语、情态动词后的动词原形前置到句首,此用法同as),而 although 不行以。 7.insist on doing sth/sth.肯定要、坚持主见 She insists on getting up early and playing her radio loudly. 她老是一大早起来把收音机音量开大 11.care about关切 在乎 care for
13、喜爱,照料,照看 12.change ones mind变更办法 13.experience经验/阅历 14.Once可作为从属连词,作“一(旦)就”解,连接一个表示时间的状语从句。从句中常用一般现在时现在完成时表将来。 Once you have begun you must continue. 15.give in让步 give up 放弃 16.instead of代替,而不是 17.make up ones mind to do下定决心做某事 18.a large parcel of一大包 19.as usual像平常一样 20.put up our tent搭帐篷 21.stay a
14、wake睡不着,醒着stay up熬夜 22.for company做伴 23.lie beneath the stars躺在星空下 24.can hardly wait to do=cant wait to do迫不及待做某事 25.go in the right direction走正确的方向 26.at a very slow pace.以很慢的速度 27.be similar to类似于 28.afford to do sth付得起,能担当 29.be tired from因而疲惫be tired of对厌倦 30.be in high spirits喜气洋洋,兴致勃勃 e true实现,成真 32.give sb some advice on doing. 33.a guide to的指南 34.on a tour在巡游中,在巡演中 35.in detail具体地 2020高一英语必背语法学问点总结5篇