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1、2020年高级BEC商务英语翻译练习题2020年高级商务英语翻译练习题一 Mosquitoes Have Shaped Societies as Well as Decimating Them During the second world war, American troops in the Far East were said to have two foes. The first was Japanese. One propaganda poster depicted an enemys sabre, slick with blood. The second adversary had
2、 no sword but was terrifying all the same. Malaria-carrying mosquitoes infected around 60% of Americans stationed in the Pacific at least once. Drugs such as Atabrine could help, but nasty side-effects meant that some GIs shunned their daily dose with predictable consequences. “These Men Didnt Take
3、Their Atabrine” warned a sign propped below a pair of human skulls in Papua New Guinea. At least decent treatment was available. For most of human existence, says Timothy Winegard in his lively history of mosquitoes, “we did not stand a chance” against the insect and its diseases. That was partly be
4、cause of ignorance. Earlier humans blamed malaria and its mosquito-borne cousins on “bad air” from swamps, even as the years passed and death kept whining at their ears. Malaria once killed over 20% of people in the Fens of eastern England. Yellow fever ravaged Memphis, Tennessee, deep into the 1800
5、s. No wonder Mr Winegard calls the mosquito a “destroyer of worlds”, which may have dispatched around half of all humans ever born. But his book is more than a litany of victims. Mr Winegard convincingly argues that the insect has shaped human life as well as delivering death. Mosquitoes helped save
6、 the Romans from Hannibal and Europe from the Mongols. And if malaria has changed history, so has resistance to it. Europeans believed that the relative immunity enjoyed by some Africans made them ideal slaves in the New World. Later, the tables were turned. “They will fight well at first, but soon
7、they will fall sick and die like flies,” predicted Toussaint Louverture of the Frenchmen sent to end his slave revolution in Haiti. He was right. About 85% of the 65,000 soldiers deployed to the colony died of mosquito-borne illnesses, and Haiti won its independence. These dashes across time and dis
8、tance could become exhausting, but Mr Winegard is an engaging guide, especially when he combines analysis with anecdote. One highlight relays a bizarre plot by a Confederate zealot to infect Abraham Lincoln with yellow fever; another passage explains the ancient Egyptian habit of fighting malarial f
9、evers by bathing in urine. (A few of the witticisms fall flat. Calling the 18th-century Caribbean a “dinner-party buffet” for mosquitoes seems glib, for example; anthropomorphising the pests as a “guerrilla force” is a metaphor too far.) But much of Mr Winegards narrative is thrilling above all the
10、concluding chapters in which he tackles the modern mosquito. Drugs and insecticides have helped slash malaria rates, but mosquitoes can quickly develop immunity themselves. In total, the insects still kill over 800,000 people every year. And though gene-editing might one day render them harmless, or
11、 even obliterate them altogether, mosquito-borne illnesses such as Zika have recently been spreading to new regions. The destroyer of worlds has not finished yet. 蚊子夺去了许多人的性命，也塑造了人类社会 其次次世界大战期间，据说美军在远东地区有两个敌人。一个是日军，有张宣扬海报就画了一把染着鲜血的日本军刀。其次个敌人虽说没有刀，但同样令人恐惊。驻扎在太平洋地区的美军约有60%曾被携带疟疾的蚊子感染过至少一次。疟涤平这样的药物能起到作
12、用，但副作用严峻，所以一些美国大兵并没有每天按时按量服用后果可想而知。当时在巴布亚新几内亚，一对人类头骨下面的一块标牌警告道：“这些人没有服用疟涤平”。 至少那个时候还可以获得像样的治疗。蒂莫西怀恩加德(Timothy Winegard)在他对蚊子历史的生动叙述中写道，纵观人类历史，在蚊子及其携带的疾病面前，大部分时间“我们都不堪一击”。部分缘由是无知。经年累月，死亡的嗡鸣不绝于耳，而早期人类却始终将疟疾及蚊子传播的其他疾病归咎于沼泽地释放出的“瘴气”。疟疾曾在英格兰东部的沼泽地带夺走了超过20%的人的性命。19世纪后期，黄热病摧毁了田纳西州的孟菲斯市(Memphis)。古往今来全部的人口中，
13、可能约有一半是因为蚊子而没了命，难怪怀恩加德称蚊子是“世界毁灭者”。 但他的书可不仅仅是对受害者的记录。怀恩加德令人信服地论证了蚊子除了带来死亡，还塑造了人类生活。蚊子救罗马人于汉尼拔的大军，也让欧洲摆脱了蒙古人的铁蹄。假如说疟疾变更了人类历史，那么人类对疟疾的免疫力也一样。欧洲人认为那些对疟疾产生了肯定免疫力的非洲人特别适合在新大陆做奴隶。后来风水轮番转了。“一起先他们战斗力会很强，但很快就会生病，一个接一个地死去。”杜桑卢维杜尔(Toussaint Louverture)对被派到海地镇压他领导的奴隶革命的法国人做了这样的预料。他说中了。被派到这个殖民地上的6.5万名士兵中约有85%死于蚊子
14、传播的疾病。海地赢得了独立。 这般穿梭于时空中的讲解并描述读起来可能累人，但怀恩加德是一个很能抓住人心的向导，特殊是他能把轶事和分析熔于一炉。其中有一个精彩片段讲解并描述了一个离奇的阴谋：一名南方联盟的狂热支持者曾企图让林肯染上黄热病;另一个段落说明了古埃及人用尿液沐浴来对抗疟疾发烧的习惯。(不过有些抖机智的话效果不怎么样。例如，将18世纪的加勒比地区称为蚊子的“自助晚宴”有点油嘴滑舌，把蚊子比作“游击队”也有点过分了。) 但怀恩加德的叙述大部分都扣人心弦，尤其是最终关于现代的蚊子那几章。药物和杀虫剂已使疟疾的发病率大幅降低，但蚊子本身也可以快速产生免疫力，每年仍旧夺去80多万人的性命。虽然有
15、一天基因编辑可能会让蚊子变得无害，甚至能彻底歼灭它们，但像寨卡这样由蚊子传播的病毒近来已经扩散到新的地区。世界的毁灭者气数未尽。 2020年高级商务英语翻译练习题二 Football and Finance: Scouts Honour How three middling clubs used clever hiring to beat the top dogs If you had told football fans in a pub 15 years ago that Manchester City, Liverpool and Tottenham Hotspur would one
16、day dominate the Premier League, they might have told you to make it your last pint of the day. In 2004 City finished 16th, Spurs 14th and Liverpool a distant fourth. The ruling triumvirate of Arsenal, Chelsea and Manchester United were the only clubs to win the competition in 1996-2011. Yet today t
17、he league tables are turned. The Premierships new sultans are Manchester City, who on May 12th sealed their fourth title in eight seasons, to the delight of Abu Dhabis royal family, who bought the club in 2008. One point behind were Liverpool, whose tally of 97 made them the best runners-up ever. On
18、 June 1st the Merseyside team will face Tottenham in the final of the Champions League, Europes most prestigious tournament. What has allowed this new trio to dominate? Money is part of the answer. In 2008-12 Manchester City splurged 520m ($675m) on transfers. Fenway Sports Group, an American firm t
19、hat bought a near-bankrupt Liverpool in 2010 for 300m, now spends that much a season on players wages and transfer fees. But lots of English clubs are wealthy: nine of the worlds 20 highest-earning clubs are English. City spends only 8% more per year on players than United, and Spurs pay 20% less th
20、an Arsenal. In the past, Premier League clubs squandered their wealth. When 21st Club, a consultancy, plotted European teams spending against their results, 16 of the 20 English sides sat below the trend line. Continental clubs charge higher transfer fees to affluent Premier League sides, who spend
21、80% more than their rivals for the same level of talent. Whats more, English clubs have a habit of buying ageing stars rather than nurturing talented youngsters. Manchester City, Liverpool and Tottenham have learned from these mistakes. Since 2016 the players they have signed have been younger and f
22、rom less flashy clubs than those bought by their rivals. City paid 55m for Kevin de Bruyne, a midfielder for Wolfsburg, a mediocre German team. Liverpool bought Mohamed Salah, an attacker for Roma, for 37m. Now in their peak years, each has become his teams best player. This season Spurs became the
23、first club in Premier League history not to sign a single player, after years of recruiting young talents from lesser clubs. Many have matured into stars, such as Son Heung-min (from Leverkusen) and Dele Alli (from Milton Keynes). Meanwhile Manchester United, Chelsea and Arsenal have made costly err
24、ors. United made 30-year-old Alexis Snchez the leagues highest earner, on 25m a year. But the striker scored just five goals in 45 games. Chelsea got rid of lvaro Morata, a 60m striker from Real Madrid, after just a year. Arsenal have purchased several woeful defenders. Challenges remain for the new
25、 trio at the top not least an investigation by UEFA, Europes football authority, into claims of financial irregularities at City, which could mean a season-long ban (City deny it). Either way, on June 1st an English side will win the Champions League for the first time in seven years. 足球与金融：球探的荣耀 三家
26、中游俱乐部如何运用奇妙的选人策略击败豪门俱乐部 假如15年前你跟一间酒吧里的球迷们说，曼城、利物浦和托特纳姆热刺有一天会成为英超联赛的主宰，那他们可能会跟你说，行了行了，可别再喝了。曼城在2004年的排名是第16位，热刺第14，利物浦比较靠前，排在第四。当时称雄的是阿森纳、切尔西和曼联，从1996到2011年，只有这三家俱乐部赢得过英超冠军。 然而今日的排名已经转变。曼城成了英超的新苏丹。5月12日，曼城获得了八个赛季的第四个冠军，令在2008年收购了这家俱乐部的阿布扎比皇室甚为欣喜。利物浦落后一分，以97分的成果成为有史以来分数最高的亚军。6月1日，这支来自默西赛德郡(Merseyside)
27、的球队将在欧洲最负盛名的赛事欧洲冠军联赛的决赛中对阵热刺。是什么让这新三强笑傲英超? 金钱是部分答案。2008到2012年，曼城豪掷5.2亿英镑(6.75亿美元)用于支付转会费。2010年，美国公司芬威体育集团(Fenway Sports Group)以3亿英镑的价格收购了几近破产的利物浦，如今每个赛季要花费同样的金额支付球员的工资和转会费。但许多英国俱乐部都很有钱：全球收入最高的20个俱乐部中有9家来自英国。曼城每年在球员身上的花费仅比曼联多8%，热刺则比阿森纳少20%。 在过去，英超俱乐部大肆挥霍它们的财宝。询问公司21st Club探讨了欧洲各支球队的支出与赛果的对比状况，绘制成图表。图
28、表显示20支英国球队中有16支位于趋势线以下。欧洲大陆的俱乐部会向富足的英超球队收取更高的转会费，后者购买相同水平的球员要比竞争对手多花80%。另外，英国俱乐部习惯购买更成熟的球星，而不是培育有才华的年轻人。 曼城、利物浦和热刺从这些错误中吸取了教训。自2016年以来，它们签下的球员比竞争对手购买的球员更年轻，之前所属的俱乐部也没那么刺眼。曼城以5500万英镑签下了平凡的德国球队沃尔夫斯堡(Wolfsburg)的中场凯文德布劳内(Kevin de Bruyne)。利物浦以3700万英镑的价格买下了罗马的前锋穆罕默德萨拉赫(Mohamed Salah)。现在他们都处于各自的巅峰期，也都成了所在球
29、队的最佳球员。本赛季热刺成为英超历史上首支一名球员也没有签下的俱乐部。多年来，热刺始终在从更低级别的俱乐部中招募年轻球员。当中的很多人已经成为明星，如孙兴慜(Son Heung-min，来自勒沃库森)和迪利阿里(Dele Alli，来自米尔顿凯恩斯)。 与此同时，曼联、切尔西和阿森纳却犯下了代价昂扬的错误。曼联给30岁的亚历克西斯桑切斯(Alexis Snchez)开出了2500万英镑的年薪，这使他成为英超收入最高的球员。但这位前锋在45场竞赛中只打入了5球。切尔西之前以6000万英镑签下了皇家马德里的前锋阿尔瓦罗莫拉塔(lvaro Morata)，但仅仅一年之后就把他打发走了。阿森纳也买下了
30、几名糟糕透顶的后卫。 傲立英超之巅的新三强仍面临挑战特殊是曼城因涉嫌金融违规而遭到欧洲足球管理机构欧足联的调查，这可能会招致禁赛一个赛季的惩罚(曼城否认有违规行为)。不管怎样，6月1日，七年来将首次由一支英国球队捧走欧冠的冠军奖杯。 2020年高级商务英语翻译练习题三 Nepal Sets New Rules for Qomolangma Climbers After Deadly Season 尼泊尔出新规：想攀登珠峰?有钱还不够，你还得有这些证明! All climbers seeking a permit for Qomolangma must have prior high altit
31、ude mountaineering experience and demonstrable training, a high-level commission for the Nepalese government has ruled. 尼泊尔政府管辖的高级委员会规定，凡是想获准攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人，必需有高海拔登山经验并受过硬核的培训。 The recommendation was issued by the body charged with looking at the issue of high-altitude safety after one of the deadliest se
32、asons in recent years on Qomolangma, which was blamed on inexperience and crowding near the summit. 在珠峰上出现了近年来最致命的高海拔平安问题后，负责调查这一问题的机构发布了上述建议。登山平安问题被归咎于阅历不足和山顶旁边过于拥挤。 Eleven climbers were killed or went missing on the 8,850-metre mountain in May, nine on the Nepalese side and two on the Tibetan side
33、. 今年五月，11名登山者在海拔8850米的珠峰上死亡或失踪，9名在尼泊尔境内的南坡遇难，2名在中国西藏的北坡遇难。 The Nepalese panel made up of government officials, climbing experts and agencies representing the climbing community was set up after climbers and guides criticised officials for allowing anyone who paid $11,000 to attempt to climb Qomolang
34、ma. Some veteran guiding companies had long warned of the dangerous consequences of inexperience and crowds on the summit slopes. 尼泊尔的这一委员会由政府官员、登山专家和登山团体代表机构组成。在该委员会成立之前，登山者和导游们指责尼泊尔官员允许任何能支付1.1万美元(约合人民币7.7万元)的人攀登珠峰。一些阅历丰富的导游公司早就警告过缺乏阅历和山顶拥挤的危急后果。 “Climbers to Qomolangma and other 8,000-metre mount
35、ains must undergo basic and high altitude climbing training,” the panel said in the report it submitted to the government. 委员会在提交给政府的报告中写道：“攀登珠穆朗玛峰和其他海拔8000米以上山峰的人必需接受基本的登山训练和高海拔登山训练。” It said that those hoping to climb Qomolangma must have climbed at least one Nepalese peak of more than 6,500-metre
36、s before getting a permit. Climbers must also submit a certificate of good health and physical fitness and be accompanied by a trained Nepalese guide. 委员会称，想攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人必需至少攀登过一座海拔6500米以上的尼泊尔山峰才能得到登山许可。登山者还必需提交健康和体能证明，并由受过训练的尼泊尔导游陪伴。 Mira Acharya, a member of the panel, said: “Climbers died due to alti
37、tude sickness, heart attack, exhaustion or weaknesses, and not due to traffic jams”. She said the compulsory provision of guides for each climber was to discourage solo attempts, which put lives at risk. 委员会的其中一名成员米拉阿查里雅说：“登山者是由于高原反应、心脏病、精疲力竭和体弱而死亡，不是因为交通堵塞而死亡。”她说，强制规定每一名登山者都要有导游陪伴，目的是阻挡有人独自登山，独自攀登会
38、有生命危急。 The panels report also proposes a fee of at least $35,000 for those wanting to climb Qomolangma, and $20,000 for other mountains higher than 8,000m. 委员会的报告还提议，对想攀登珠峰的人收取至少3.5万美元的费用，对想攀登海拔8000米以上其他山峰的人收取2万美元的费用。 Nepal is home to eight of the worlds 14 highest mountains, and mountain climbing i
39、s a key source of employment and income for the poor nation. 世界最高的14座山峰中，尼泊尔就占了8座。登山是这个较为贫困的国家的重要就业和收入来源。 The numbers attempting the climb in May led to bottlenecks in the “death zone”, where very low oxygen levels put lives at risk. Oxygen cylinders ran out while as many as 100 people waited in the
40、 queue. 五月登珠峰人数过多导致了“死亡地带”出现拥堵，那里极低的氧气水平威逼到了登山者的生命平安。在多达100人排队登顶的过程中，有些人用光了自己的氧气储备。 The issues were underlined by Simon Lowe, the managing director of UK-based Jagged Globe, who said this years crowding had aggravated an underlying issue of lack of experience. 英国公司Jagged Globe的总经理西蒙洛强调了这一问题，他表示今年珠峰的
41、拥堵加重了缺乏阅历的潜在问题。 “That is incompetent climbers being led by incompetent teams,” Lowe said. “If you go up with a bare minimum bottles of supplementary oxygen and stand in a queue for ages that is going to cause problems.” “这里指的是不合格的团队带领的不合格的登山者，”洛说道，“假如你只带了最小量的备用氧气瓶上山，又在队伍里长时间地等待，那确定是要出问题的。” Without r
42、eforms such as those suggested by the panel, Lowe said guiding on the mountain by responsible companies could become untenable. 洛指出，假如没有委员会建议的这些改革，负责任的公司的登山导游工作将会做不下去。 Nepal issued 381 permits for Qomolangma for this years climbing season, which tends to culminate in May, when the daylight and weath
43、er are the most forgiving. 今年登山季，尼泊尔签发了381份攀登珠峰的许可证。珠峰攀登通常都在五月达到高峰，那时候的日照和天气条件都是最佳的。 Ghanshyam Upadhyaya, a senior tourism ministry official, said the recommendations would be implemented. “The government will now make the required changes in laws and regulations guiding mountain climbing,” he told Reuters. 旅游部的高级官员甘希亚姆乌帕德希雅说，这些建议将会被实行。他告知路透社说：“现在政府将会对指导登山的法律法规做出所需的改动。”