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1、 一、一、V-ing 形式由形式由 “doing” 构成构成, 其否定形式是其否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing可可以带宾语或状语构成以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语短语, 没有没有人称和数的变化人称和数的变化, 但有但有时态和语态时态和语态的的变化。变化。V-ing形式在句中作定语和状语是本单形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。元的学习重点。1. 作定语作定语 V-ing形式可以单独充当名词的前置修形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语饰语, 这时有两种情况。这时有两种情况。1)-ing形式表示形式表示 用途和功能，这类作定用途和功能，这类作定语的语的-ing形式，叫动名词。形
2、式，叫动名词。e.g. a swimming pool = a pool for swimminga sleeping car = a car for sleeping2) -ing形式表示形式表示 状态和属性，状态和属性， 叫现在叫现在分词。分词。e.g. a sleeping child working people the rising sun -ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。相当于一个定语从句。 e.g. They are visitors coming from several countries.
3、The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father. x k正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 1). _ dogs seldom bite. A. Bark B. To bark C. Barked D.Barking 2). The wolf sp
4、oke in a _ voice and Mr. Dongguo felt_. A. frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightened C. frighten; frightening D. frightening; frightening 3. Its pleasure to watch the face of a _ baby. A. asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept 4. The _ buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming. A. shak
5、ing B. shook C. shaken D. shake Read the sentences from the text.1. I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.2. I stood for a minute watching them and went to greet them .3. She stepped back appearing surprised 4. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, togeth
6、er with 5. , she recognized Tony Garcias smiling face. attributiveadverbialadverbialadverbialattributive动词动词-ing在语法功能上相当于在语法功能上相当于动词、形容词动词、形容词和副词和副词。现在分词现在分词通常和通常和逻辑主语逻辑主语之间存在之间存在主动关系主动关系。但要注意它的各种形式变化：。但要注意它的各种形式变化：主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式 doing being donehaving done having been done动词动词-ing做状语做状语一般式一般式完成式
7、完成式现在分词作状语现在分词作状语现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。现在分词作状语，常常用来表示动关系。现在分词作状语，常常用来表示原原因因、时间时间、方式方式、结果结果、条件条件、伴随状况伴随状况等。等。现在分词现在分词一般不用作表目的的状语一般不用作表目的的状语（通常用（通常用不定式表目的不定式表目的状语）。状语）。Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an ol
8、d friend of mine.)While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.(=While he was waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.)1）表时间状语表时间状语Attention：连词可以保留：连词可以保留2) 表原因状语表原因状语 Being ill, he didnt go to school. (=Because/As he was ill, he didnt go to school.)Being a student, you should
9、 study hard.(=Since you are a student, you should study hard.) Thinking he might be at home, I called him. (=As I thought he might be at home, I called him.) 3)表方式、伴随状语表方式、伴随状语 ：作伴随状语地分词表示的动作，作伴随状语地分词表示的动作， He sat on the sofa, watching TV.(=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)他们笑着谈着走进了教室。他们笑着谈着走进了教室
10、。 _, they went into the classroom.他斜靠他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。着墙站着。He stood leaning against the wall.(He stood and leaned against the wall.)Laughing and talking4) 表结果表结果Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.(=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.)全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它
11、成了一首最受全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。欢迎的歌曲。The song is sung all over the country, _ .making it the most popular songAttention：表示：表示意外意外的结果用的结果用 to do (与与only连用连用 )5)表条件表条件Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.)一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。_, you will s
12、ee a white house.Walking aheadAttentiondoing形式作状语时形式作状语时, 它的它的逻辑主语逻辑主语必须必须与与主句主语主句主语是一致的。是一致的。e.g. Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city. (分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语不同，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语不同， 两者不构两者不构成主谓关系时，所以只能用独立主格结构成主谓关系时，所以只能用独立主格结构, 也就也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。是给现在分词补充一个主语。)e.g. I waiting for the bus, a bird
13、fell on my heard.我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Time permitting, well do another two exercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用有时也可用with (without)+名词名词+分词形式分词形式e.g. With the lights burnin
14、g, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。他点着灯睡着了。有时也可用独立结构：有时也可用独立结构：Generally speaking., Judging from/by., supposing, consideratingJudgingfromthewayhelaughed,itwasmeanttobehumorous1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. _ _ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. Rewrite
15、 the following sentences.When approaching2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _ _ _ can speak seven languages.translating the songs3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy _ _ _ there is reading a book about body language.wh
16、o is standing4. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. _ _ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.Coming from5. She sat at the desk and did her homework. She sat at the desk _ _ _.doing herhomework 用动词的用动词的-ing形式改写下列句子。形式改写下列句子。1. The picture that hangs on the wall
17、 is a world-famous one. The picture _ on the wall is a world-famous one.2. Because he hadnt received an answer, he decided to write another letter to him. _ _ _ an answer, he decided to write another letter to him.hangingNot having received3. When he sees the mountain, he always thinks of his hometo
18、wn. _ the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown.4. Because it is Sunday, there are no students in the school. It _ _, there are no students in the school. Seeing being Sunday5. He hunted all the shops to look for a nice present for his mother. He hunted all the shops, _ _ a nice present for his
19、 mother.looking for 1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.Not havingworkingSeeingsp
20、eaking单句改错单句改错5. “Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6. Knocking at the door before entering, please.7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.pointingKnockmaking1. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _ nothing about
21、the argument. (2011大纲全国卷大纲全国卷) A. says B. said C. to say D. saying2. _ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. (辽宁辽宁2011) A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering3. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, _ on your feet. (北京北京2011) A. to keep B. keep
22、ing C. having kept D. to have kept4. Do you wake up every morning _ energetic and ready to start a new day? (湖南湖南2011) A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt5. More highways have been built in China, _ it much easier for people to travel from one place to an-other. (陕西陕西2011) A. making B. made C. to
23、make D. having made6. _ at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. (北京北京2010) A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked7. Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. (湖南湖南2010) A. struggling B. struggled C. having strugg
24、led D. to struggle8. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. (福建福建2010) A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent 9. It rained heavily in the south, _ serious flooding in several provinces. (天津天津2010) A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause