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1、2020最新高一英语重点语法总结三篇英语语法是大多数同学都很头疼的问题，想要学好语法，必需要去记住它并且娴熟的运用它，为了帮助同学们有效的记住语法，下面就是小编给大家带来的高一英语重点语法总结，希望能帮助到大家！ 高一英语重点语法总结1 用现在进行时表示将来 意为：意图、准备、支配、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 I'm leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week? 比较过去时与现在完成时 1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作;现在
2、完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2)过去时常与详细的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 详细的时间状语 共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till /
3、until, up to now, in past years, always, 不确定的时间状语 3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是持续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 举例： I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了。) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。) Why did you get
4、 up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了。) Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子，可能为不公允竞争。) She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。 He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可持续) He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years
5、ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。) I have finished my homework now. -Will somebody go and get Dr. White? -He's already been sent for. 句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时，不能运用现在完成时，要用过去时。 (错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
6、since的四种用法 1) since +过去一个时间点 (如详细的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段时间+ ago I have been here since five months ago. 3) since +从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here. 4) It is +一段时间+ si
7、nce从句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 持续动词与瞬间动词 1) 用于完成时的区分 持续动词表示阅历、经验; 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。 He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果) I've known him since then. 我从那时起就相识他了。(表经验) 2) 用于till / until从句的差异 持续动词用于确定句，表示做直到 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示到，才 He didn't come back until
8、 ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。 He slept until ten o'clock. 他始终睡到10点。 典型例题 1. You don't need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。 2.-I'm sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all
9、. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 答案A. 等待的动作由过去起先，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。 用一般过去时代替完成时 1) 两个动作如按依次发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。 When she saw the mouse，she screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 2 ) 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时;如第一个动作须要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。 When I heard th
10、e news, I was very excited. 3) 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。 Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 不用进行时的动词 1) 事实状态的动词 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister. 2) 心理状态的动词 Know
11、, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate I need your help. He loves her very much. 3 ) 瞬间动词 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advice. 4) 系动词 seem, remain, lie, see
12、, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired. 虚拟语气1) 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不肯定是事实，或与事实相反。 2) 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的状况，故采纳虚拟语气。 真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的状况可能发生，其中 if 是假如的意思。 时态关系 句型： 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he wi
13、ll bring his violin. 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 留意： 1) 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2)
14、 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而干脆用一般现在时的动词形式。 非真实条件句 1)时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的状况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a. 同现在事实相反的假设。 句型 ： 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形 If they were here, they would help you. b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。 句型： 条件从句 主句 过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.Th
15、e rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If he had not been ill and
16、missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress. c. 表示对将来的假想 句型： 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形 If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything wou
17、ld be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. (从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。) If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的
18、从句部分假如含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him =If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to
19、rain, the crops would be saved. 留意： 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用were，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 假如我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right.假如他在这儿，一切都会好的。 典型例题 _ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I
20、 D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中假如有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要留意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. 特别的虚拟语气词：should 1) It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。 句型： (1)suggested I
21、t is (2)important that+ (should) do (3) a pity (1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted; + (should) do (2)important, necessary, natural, strange a pity, a shame, no wonder (3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. It is necessary that he (should) c
22、ome to our meeting tomorrow. 2)在宾语从句中的应用 在表示吩咐、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。 order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 留意： 如suggest, insist不表示建议 或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意示意、
23、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules. 推断改错: (错) You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. (对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. (对) I insisted that you were wrong. 3)在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用 在suggestion, propos
24、al, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即(should)+动词原形。 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 比较if only与only if only if表示只有;if only则表示假如就好了。If only也可用于陈述语气。 I wake up only if the alarm clock rin
25、gs. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。 If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。 If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一样。 1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the
26、man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3)which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、
27、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的旺盛。(which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语) 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1)when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相
28、当于介词+ which结构，因此经常和介词+ which结构交替运用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的诞生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? 2)that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介词+
29、 which引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他诞生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必需要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mount
30、ain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 推断改错(注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线;用不同的颜色表示出。) (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (对) This is the mountain village (which
31、) I visited last year. (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二： 精确推断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the
32、 museum _ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A 例1变为确定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为确定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，
33、从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 缘由状语) 。 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不行缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉
34、了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很美丽，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性) 2) 当先行词是专出名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
35、 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个美丽的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他好像没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
36、Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 典型例题
37、1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he 答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。 2)The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性
38、定语从句，而what不行。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。 3)It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park. A. that B. which C. as D. it 答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： (1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不行。 (2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必需
39、是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。 在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。 As 的用法 例1. the same as;suchas 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和一样。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health. As是关系
40、代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。 高一英语重点语法总结2 1.be good to对友好be good for对有益;be bad to/be bad for 2.add up加起来 增加 add up to合计，总计 addto把加到 3.notuntil/till意思是“直到才” 4.get sth/sb done使完成/使某人被 5.calm down安静下来 6.be concerned about关切，关注 7.当while,when,before,after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一样时，可将从句中的主语和
41、be动词省去。 While walking the dog,you were careless and it got loose. 8.cheat in the exam考试作弊 9.go through经验;度过;获准，通过 10.hide away躲藏;隐藏 11.set down写下，登记 12.I wonder if我不知道是不是 12.on purpose有意 13.sth happen to sb某人发生某事 sb happen to do sth某人碰巧做某事 it so happened that正好 碰巧 14.It is the first(second)that(从句谓语
42、动词用现在完成时) 15.in one’s power处于的限制之中 16.It’s no pleasure doing做没有乐趣 It’s no good/use doing sth.做某事是没好处/没用的 17.She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place.it做形式宾语 18.suffer from患病;遭遇 19.sothat/suchthay 20.get tired of对感到劳累 乏累 21.have some trouble with sb/sth.在上遇到了麻烦 22.get along with sb/sth.与某人相处 23.ask(sb)for advice.(向某人)征求建议