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1、2022年四川职称英语考试真题卷（6）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1. 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 BAn Observation and an Explanation/B It is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards h
2、er baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resting is rather revealing. Careful studies have shown the fact that 80 percent of mothers hold their infants in their left arms, holding them against the le
3、ft side of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations. But a de
4、tailed analysis shows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed females; but not enough to provide adequate explanation. It emerges that 83 percent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but so do 78 percent of left-handed mot
5、hers. In other words, only 22 percent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. Clearly there must be some other, less obvious explanation. The only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the side of the mothers body. Could it be that the sound of her heartb
6、eat is the vital factor And in what way Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother the unborn baby get used to the sound of the heart beat. If this is so, then the re-discovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a claiming effe
7、ct on the infant, especially as it has just been born into a strange and frighteningly new world. If this is so then the mother would, somehow, soon arrive at the discovery that her baby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart than on the right.Most left-handed women feel comfortable
8、by holding their babies in their left arm and keep the right arm free. AA. RightBB. WrongCC. Not mentioned 2.B第三篇/B B High Stress May Damage Memory/B According to a report issued in May 1998, elderly people who have consistently high blood levels of cortisol dont score as well on memory tests as the
9、ir peers with lower levels of the stress hormone. Whats more, high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus, a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory. The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal, healthy range can actually ac
10、celerate brain aging. The study results now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans, write Nada Porter and Philip Land- field of the University of Kentucky in Lexington in their editorial Cortisol is a hor
11、mone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands, which sit on top of the kidneys. Over a S to 6-year period, Dr. Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers ,most of whom were in their 70s. Despite wide variation in cortisol levels, the partici
12、pants could be divided into three subgroups :those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently high (increasing/high) those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently moderate (increasing/moderate); and subjects whose cortisol decreased, but was current
13、ly moderate (decreasing/moderate). The researchers tested the volunteers memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group. The groups did not differ on tests of immediate memory, but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems com
14、pared with those in the decreasing/ moderate group. The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group, although there were no differences in other brain regions. The results suggest that .
15、brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging, write Porter and Landfield. This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsen
16、ing of hippocampus. When the levels of cortisol go higher, the hippocampus in the brain may Abecome larger.Bbecome smaller.Cdisappear completely.Dbe totally damaged. 3.B第二篇/B B Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost/B Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immun
17、e System, especially when they come in the form 0f a potato salad or eaten Cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS) not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and
18、lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged. The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body. The reduction
19、in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising. In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find ou
20、t the effect of starch on bowel health. The use of :raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch, said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , Spain. Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a
21、lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch - starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted in- to the large intestine where it fe
22、rments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Immunology expert Lena Ohmans team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from
23、 the peripheral blood to the gut, which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially an inflammatory disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS patients. Ohman is currently at th
24、e Department of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden. The study is published in the journal Chemistry and Industry, the magazine of the SCI.For what a purpose did the researchers use raw potato starch in their experiment AThey wanted to observe how the leucocyte levels reduced in the exper
25、imental pigs.BThey wanted to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch.CThey wanted to see how much potato an experimental pig ate every day.DThey wanted to see how much body weight each experimental pig gained in the end. 4. 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 B第一篇/BB Adaptation of
26、 Living Things/B Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting fo
27、od or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments. Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distin
28、ct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are spec
29、ial adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals
30、 have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near. Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment, as d
31、o warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or
32、 impossible to readapt to the new conditions.It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird care colored Ato frightened its enemies.Bto attract its enemies.Cto adjust its body heat.Dto match its environment. 5.B第三篇/B B High Stress May Damage Memory/B According to a report issued in
33、 May 1998, elderly people who have consistently high blood levels of cortisol dont score as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress hormone. Whats more, high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus, a region of the brain that plays a key r
34、ole in learning and memory. The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal, healthy range can actually accelerate brain aging. The study results now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans, w
35、rite Nada Porter and Philip Land- field of the University of Kentucky in Lexington in their editorial Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands, which sit on top of the kidneys. Over a S to 6-year period, Dr. Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol
36、levels in 51 healthy volunteers ,most of whom were in their 70s. Despite wide variation in cortisol levels, the participants could be divided into three subgroups :those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently high (increasing/high) those whose cortisol progressively incre
37、ased over time and was currently moderate (increasing/moderate); and subjects whose cortisol decreased, but was currently moderate (decreasing/moderate). The researchers tested the volunteers memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group. The g
38、roups did not differ on tests of immediate memory, but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/ moderate group. The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14lower than those
39、in the decreasing/moderate group, although there were no differences in other brain regions. The results suggest that .brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in t
40、he rate of brain aging, write Porter and Landfield. This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of hippocampus. According to the article ,when people feel too worried or nervous or when they overwork, Athe adrenal glands will produce a stress hormone.Bthe kidneys will prod
41、uce adrenal glands.Cthe hippocampus will produce high levels of cortisol in the blood.Dthe brain will work more effectively. 6. 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 BAn Observation and an Explanation/B It is worth looking at one or two aspects of th
42、e way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resting is rather revealing. Careful studies have shown the fact that 80 percent of mothers hold their infants in their left a
43、rms, holding them against the left side of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm
44、free for manipulations. But a detailed analysis shows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed females; but not enough to provide adequate explanation. It emerges that 83 percent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but so
45、do 78 percent of left-handed mothers. In other words, only 22 percent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. Clearly there must be some other, less obvious explanation. The only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the side of the mothers body. Could it
46、 be that the sound of her heartbeat is the vital factor And in what way Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother the unborn baby get used to the sound of the heart beat. If this is so, then the re-discovery of this familiar sound after
47、birth might have a claiming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been born into a strange and frighteningly new world. If this is so then the mother would, somehow, soon arrive at the discovery that her baby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart than on the right.The numb
48、er of right-handed mothers who hold the baby on the left side exceeds that of left- handed ones by 22 %. AA. RightBB. WrongCC. Not mentioned 7. 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 BCharter Schools/B American public education has changed in recent years. One change is that increasing numbers of American parents and teachers are s