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1、2022年广东职称英语考试真题卷（2）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.B第三篇/B Volcanic fire and glacial ice are natural enemies. Eruptions at glaciated volcanoes typically destroy ice fields, as they did in 1980 when 70 percent of Mount Saint Helens ice cover was de molished.
2、 During long dormant intervals, glaciers gain the upper hand cutting deeply into volcanic cones and eventually reducing them to rubble. Only rarely do these competing forces of heat and cold operate in perfect balance to create phenomenon such as the steam caves at Mount Rainier Park. Located inside
3、 Rainiers two ice-filled summit craters, these caves form a labyrinth of tunnels and vaulted chambers about one and one-half miles in total length. Their creation depends on an unusual combination of factors that nature almost never brings together in one place. The cave-making recipe calls for a st
4、eady emission of volcanic gas and heat, a heavy annual snowfall at an elevation high enough to keep it from melting during the summer, and a bowl-shaped crater to hold the snow. Snow accumulating yearly in Rainiers summit craters is compacted and compressed into a dense form of ice called firn, a su
5、bstance midway between ordinary ice and the denser crystalline ice that makes up glaciers. Heat rising from numerous openings (called fumaroles) along the inner crater walls melts out chambers between the rocky walls and the overlying ice pack. Circulating currents of warm air then melt additional o
6、pening in the firn ice, eventually connecting the individual chambers and, in the larger of Rainiers two craters, forming a continuous passageway that extends two-thirds of the way around the crater s interior. To maintain the cave system, the elements of fire under ice must remain in equilibrium, E
7、nough snow must fill the crater each year to replace that melted from below. If too much volcanic heat is discharged, the crater s ice pack will melt away entirely and the caves will vanish along with the snows of yesteryear. If too little heat is produced, the ice replenished annually by winter sno
8、wstorms will expand, pushing against the enclosing crater wails and smothering the present caverns in solid firn ice.The second paragraph mentions all of the following as necessary elements in the creation of steam caves EXCEPT _. Aa glacierBa craterCheatDsnow 2.阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从
9、4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 Energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. This is the famous equation of Albert Einstein. ItU (51) /Uto the category of the theory of relativity, and it equates energy with mass. All things are made up of atoms. WhenU (52) /Uof an atom travels at almost the speed of lightU
10、(53) /Uwe put more energy into it to increase the speed, it begins to in crease in mass. The energy that makes it travel fast cannot make it travelU (54) /Uthe speed of lightnothingU (55) /Ulight can travel that fast- so the energy goes into the thingU (56) /Uand increases its mass. EnergyU (57) /Ui
11、nto mass. Why is the theory called the theory of relativity A thing that is relative depends uponU (58) /Uelse to identify it or to define it. In relativity theory we identify or define mass, time, and lengthU (59) /Uto the speed of light. When something is at rest, it looksU (60) /Uin length. Howev
12、er, when it travels at almost the speed of light, it becomesU (61) /U. Time also changes. However, the change in time isU (62) /Uto the change in length. The length of a thing becomes shortU (63) /Utime becomes long. If you want toU (64) /Uyoung, relative to a friend, take a trip in a spaceship that
13、 travels atU (65) /Uthe speed of light. And, although time and heartbeat seem ordinary to you in the spaceship, when you return, look at your friend; Relative to you, he or she is old. AwithinBbeyondCoverDat 3.阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选
14、择C。 Pubic response to technology often varies in peculiar ways. While biotechnology, for example, gives rise to organized opposition, information technology, which is actually no less invasive(侵害者), no more harmless, is welcomed or, at the least, accepted with comparatively little debate. Informatio
15、n technologiesfrom computers to communicationshave obviously had an overwhelming social impact and their benefits hardly need explanations. But they have also disturbed privacy and threatened civil liberties. Computerized data banks empower bureaucratic authorities by providing easy access to person
16、al informationabout credit ratings, social performance, housing and medical histories. They will allow access to genetic figures, providing information about our tendencies to employers, insurers, product advertisers, banks and other institutions that exercise control over our lives. Computerization
17、 allows the severe extension of advertising through telemarketing requests that shamelessly intrude our home life. Information technologies have displaced people from jobs and turned potentially skilled workers into low-level computer technicians, computers have facilitated the work of scholars, but
18、 also turned them into typists; yet one hears hardly a complaint. They have turned the simple act of buying a plane ticket into an endless manipulation(控制), but we welcome the so-called convenience. They have encouraged new forms of crime and fraud(欺诈), but we describe them with grudging admiration.
19、 They have allowed new types of evil weaponry, but we call them smart bombs. Perhaps the most important, information technologies have extended the power of the mass media, creating unusual possibilities for political manipulation, reducing accountability(有责任，有义务), and changing the nature of politic
20、al life. It is true that there are critiques(批评) of information technologies from those professionally concerned about their problematic legal, social and political implications. There is a near total absence, however, of organized public concern about technologies with profound and problematic impl
21、ications.The author argues that biotechnology plays an important role in our everyday life. AA. RightBB. WrongCC. Not mentioned 4.下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。B第一篇/B Many features similar to those aeronautical innovations developed by man can be observed amongst bi
22、rds, insects and plants. At times, observations of these natural phenomena have inspired man to imitate nature and modify existing designs. At other times, the natural example has only been recognized well after great amounts of time and valuable materials have been devoted to refining a similar hum
23、an invention. Birds deserve credit not merely for demonstrating flight was possible, but for providing templates for the shape of aircraft wings. The wings of birds suggested the pattern for leadingedge wing slots that improve ascent at slow speeds and for conical cambered wingtips that increase lif
24、t and stability. Other characteristics of bird wings, such as a trailing edge flap to aid in smooth landings, were not recognized as important until they had been designed independently by aeronautical engineers. Considerable research effort in aeronautics could probably have been saved by more thor
25、ough analysis of bird flight. The insect world has also contributed significant ideas in the realms of navigation and guidance. In order to aid airline navigation during take-offs and landings under adverse weather conditions, engineers developed a system for locating the sun when it was hidden by c
26、louds through observing polarized lightlight which travels in a single direction. The research was instigated(鼓励,激发)after studies of honey bees demonstrated that they used this mechanism to determine their location when the sky was darkened. In another credit to the insect world, the evasive guidanc
27、e systems of certain missiles use angular acceleration detectors modeled after the multi-lensed eyes of houseflies which amplify subtle movements by splitting images into a mosaic(马赛克)resembling a large display of televisions tuned to the same channel. Even entities which never take flight themselve
28、s are responsible for guiding the hand of aeronautical engineers. The winged seed of a palm tree was the model for an early glider, and the single-winged, autorotating maple seed was the prototype for a means of air-dropping cargo by parachute.What does the word prototype (Para 4) mean AmodelBstereo
29、typeCexampleDfigure 5.B第三篇/B Volcanic fire and glacial ice are natural enemies. Eruptions at glaciated volcanoes typically destroy ice fields, as they did in 1980 when 70 percent of Mount Saint Helens ice cover was de molished. During long dormant intervals, glaciers gain the upper hand cutting deep
30、ly into volcanic cones and eventually reducing them to rubble. Only rarely do these competing forces of heat and cold operate in perfect balance to create phenomenon such as the steam caves at Mount Rainier Park. Located inside Rainiers two ice-filled summit craters, these caves form a labyrinth of
31、tunnels and vaulted chambers about one and one-half miles in total length. Their creation depends on an unusual combination of factors that nature almost never brings together in one place. The cave-making recipe calls for a steady emission of volcanic gas and heat, a heavy annual snowfall at an ele
32、vation high enough to keep it from melting during the summer, and a bowl-shaped crater to hold the snow. Snow accumulating yearly in Rainiers summit craters is compacted and compressed into a dense form of ice called firn, a substance midway between ordinary ice and the denser crystalline ice that m
33、akes up glaciers. Heat rising from numerous openings (called fumaroles) along the inner crater walls melts out chambers between the rocky walls and the overlying ice pack. Circulating currents of warm air then melt additional opening in the firn ice, eventually connecting the individual chambers and
34、, in the larger of Rainiers two craters, forming a continuous passageway that extends two-thirds of the way around the crater s interior. To maintain the cave system, the elements of fire under ice must remain in equilibrium, Enough snow must fill the crater each year to replace that melted from bel
35、ow. If too much volcanic heat is discharged, the crater s ice pack will melt away entirely and the caves will vanish along with the snows of yesteryear. If too little heat is produced, the ice replenished annually by winter snowstorms will expand, pushing against the enclosing crater wails and smoth
36、ering the present caverns in solid firn ice.According to the passage, heat from Mount Rainiers summit, craters rises from _. Acrystalline iceBrimsCchambersDfumaroles 6.阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 Energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. This is the famous equation
37、 of Albert Einstein. ItU (51) /Uto the category of the theory of relativity, and it equates energy with mass. All things are made up of atoms. WhenU (52) /Uof an atom travels at almost the speed of lightU (53) /Uwe put more energy into it to increase the speed, it begins to in crease in mass. The en
38、ergy that makes it travel fast cannot make it travelU (54) /Uthe speed of lightnothingU (55) /Ulight can travel that fast- so the energy goes into the thingU (56) /Uand increases its mass. EnergyU (57) /Uinto mass. Why is the theory called the theory of relativity A thing that is relative depends up
39、onU (58) /Uelse to identify it or to define it. In relativity theory we identify or define mass, time, and lengthU (59) /Uto the speed of light. When something is at rest, it looksU (60) /Uin length. However, when it travels at almost the speed of light, it becomesU (61) /U. Time also changes. Howev
40、er, the change in time isU (62) /Uto the change in length. The length of a thing becomes shortU (63) /Utime becomes long. If you want toU (64) /Uyoung, relative to a friend, take a trip in a spaceship that travels atU (65) /Uthe speed of light. And, although time and heartbeat seem ordinary to you i
41、n the spaceship, when you return, look at your friend; Relative to you, he or she is old. AthatBwhichCbutDthus 7.B第二篇/B Most of the pioneers of low-temperature physics expected gases to liquefy, but none of them predicted superconductivity. This phenomenon was discovered in 1911 by Onnes while he wa
42、s studying frozen mercury. More than 40 years passed before physicists were able to offer an explanation for superconductivity. The accepted theory, developed in the 1950s, holds that the fundamental behavior of electrons changes at very low temperatures because of the effects of quantum mechanics.
43、Electrons are tiny particles that make up the outer part of an atom, circling rapidly around the nucleus of the atom. In a regular conductora metal that conducts an electric currentthe outermost electrons are not bound tightly to the atoms, and so they move around relatively freely. The flow of thes
44、e electrons is an electric current. At normal temperatures, a conductors electrons cannot move completely freely through the metal because they are bumped around by the metals atoms. But according to the leading theory of superconductivity, when a metal is very cold, electrons form pairs. Then, like
45、 couples maneuvering on a crowded dance floor but never colliding, the paired electrons are able to move unimpeded through the metal. In pairing up, it seems, the electrons are able to blend together and move in unison without resistance. This explanation seems to account for superconductivity at ex
46、tremely low temperatures, but in 1986 scientists in Switzerland found that some metal-containing ceramics are superconductors at much higher temperatures. By 1992, scientists had developed ceramics that become superconducting at - 297F, and some researchers speculated that room-temperature supercond
47、uctors may be possible. Scientists are still trying to formulate a theory for high-temperature superconductivity. The new ceramic materials can be maintained at their superconducting temperatures, with relatively inexpensive liquid nitrogen rather than the much colder and much more costly liquid helium required by metal superconductors. The cost difference could make superconductivity practical for many new technologies. For example, magnetically levitated trains, whic