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1、2022云南在职攻读硕士联考考试考前冲刺卷（7）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Mud from a lake on an uninhabited wooded island in northern Lake Superior contains toxic chemicals, including toxaphene, a banned pesticide for cotton that previously was manufactured and used, not in
2、 nearby region of Canada or the northern United States, but in the southern United States. No dumping has occurred on the island. The island lake is sufficiently elevated that water from Lake Superior does not reach it. The statements above, if true, most strongly support which of the following hypo
3、thesesAThe waters of the island lake are more severely polluted than those of Lake Superior.BThe toxaphene was carried to the island in the atmosphere by winds.CBanning chemicals such as toxaphene does not aid the natural environment.DToxaphene has adverse effects on human beings but not on other or
4、ganisms.E(E) Concentrations of toxaphene in the soil of cotton-growing regions are not sufficient to be measurable. 2.Any serious policy discussion about acceptable levels of risk in connection with explosions is not well served if the participants fail to use the word explosion and use the phrase e
5、nergetic disassembly instead. In fact, the word explosion elicits desirable reactions, such as a heightened level of attention, whereas the substitute phrase does not. Therefore, of the two terms, explosion is the one that should be used throughout discussions of this tort. Which of the following is
6、 an assumption on which the argument above dependsAIn the kind of discussion at issue, the advantages of desirable reactions to the term explosion outweigh the drawbacks, if any, arising from undesirable reactions to that term.BThe phrase energetic disassembly has not so far been used as a substitut
7、e for the word explosion in the kind of discussion at issue.CIn any serious policy discussion, what is said by the participants is more important than how it is put into words.DThe only reason that people would have for using energetic disassembly in place of explosion is to render impossible any se
8、rious policy discussion concerning explosions.E(E) The phrase energetic disassembly is not necessarily out of place in describing a controlled rather than an accidental explosion. 3.An advertisement designed to convince readers of the great durability of automobiles manufactured by the Deluxe Motor
9、Car Company cites as evidence the fact that over half of all automobiles built by the company since 1970 are still on the road today, compared to no more than a third for any other manufacturer. Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the advertisements argumentAAfter taking inflatio
10、n into account, a new Deluxe automobile costs only slightly more than a new model did in 1970.BThe number of automobiles built by Deluxe each year has not increased sharply since 1970.COwners of Deluxe automobiles typically keep their cars well maintained.DSince 1970, Deluxe has made fewer changes i
11、n the automobiles it manufactures than other car companies have made in their automobiles.E(E) Deluxe automobiles have been selling at relatively stable prices in recent years. 4.Mechanicorps newest product costs so little to make that it appears doubtful the company will be able to sell it without
12、increasing the markup the company usually allows for profit: potential clients would simply not believe that something so inexpensive would really work. Yet Mechanicorps reputation is built on fair prices incorporating only modest profit margins. The statements above, if true, most strongly support
13、which of the followingAMechanicorp will encounter difficulties in trying to set a price for its newest product that will promote sales without threatening to compromise the companys reputation.BMeehanicorp achieves large annual profits, despite small profits per unit sold, by means of a high volume
14、of sales.CMechanicorp made a significant computational error in calculating the production costs for its newest product.DMechanicorps newest product is intended to perform tasks that can be performed by other devices costing less to manufacture.E(E) Mechanicorps production processes are designed wit
15、h the same ingenuity as are the products that the company makes. 5.Damaged nerves in the spinal cord do not regenerate themselves naturally, nor even under the spur of nerve-growth stimulants. The reason, recently discovered, is the presence of nerve-growth inhibitors in the spinal cord. Antibodies
16、that deactivate those inhibitors have now been developed. Clearly, then, nerve repair will be a standard medical procedure in the foreseeable future. Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the accuracy of the prediction aboveAPrevention of the regeneration of damaged nerves
17、 is merely a by-product of the main function in the human body of the substances inhibiting nerve growth.BCertain nerve-growth stimulants have similar chemical structures to those of the antibodies against nervegrowth inhibitors.CNerves in the brain are similar to nerves in the spinal cord in their
18、inability to regenerate themselves naturally.DResearchers have been able to stimulate the growth of nerves not located in the spinal cord by using only nervegrowth stimulants.E(E) Deactivating the substances inhibiting nerve growth for an extended period would require a steady supply of antibodies.
19、6.Over the last century, paleontologists have used small differences between fossil specimens to classify Triceratops into sixteen species. This classification is unjustified, however, since the specimens used to distinguish eleven of the species come from animals that lived in the same area at the
20、same time. Which of the following, if true, would enable the conclusion of the argument to be properly drawnANot every species that lived in a given area is preserved as a fossil.BAt least one individual of every true species of Triceratops has been discovered as a fossil specimen.CNo geographical a
21、rea ever supports more than three similar species at the same time.DIn many species, individuals display quite marked variation.E(E) Differences between fossil specimens of Triceratops that came from the same area are no less distinctive than differences between specimens that came from different ar
22、eas. 7.An experimental microwave clothes dryer heats neither air nor cloth. Rather, it heats water on clothes, thereby saving electricity and protecting delicate fibers by operating at a lower temperature. Microwaves are waves that usually heat metal objects, but developers of a microwave dryer are
23、perfecting a process that will prevent thin metal objects such as hairpins from heating up and burning clothes. Which of the following, if true, most strongly indicates that the process, when perfected, will be insufficient to make the dryer readily marketableAMetal snap fasteners on clothes that ar
24、e commonly put into drying machines are about the same thickness as most hairpins.BMany clothes that are currently placed into mechanical dryers are not placed there along with hairpins or other thin metal objects.CThe experimental microwave dryer uses more electricity than future, improved models w
25、ould be expected to use.DDrying clothes with the process would not cause more shrinkage than the currently used mechanical drying process causes.E(E) Many clothes that are frequently machine-dried by prospective customers incorporate thick metal parts such as decorative brass studs or buttons. 8.Man
26、nis Corporations archival records are stored in an obsolete format that is accessible only by its current computer system; thus they are inaccessible when that system is not functioning properly. In order to avoid the possibility of losing access to their archival records in the case of computer mal
27、function, Mannis plans to replace its current computer system with a new system that stores records in a format that is accessible to several different systems. The answer to which of the following questions would be most helpful in evaluating the effectiveness of the plan as a means of retaining ac
28、cess to the archival recordsAWill the new computer system require fewer operators than the current system requiresBHas Mannis Corporation always stored its archival records in a computerized formatCWill the new computer system that Mannis plans ensure greater security for the records stored than doe
29、s Mannis current systemDWill Mannis current collection of archival records be readily transferable to the new computer systemE(E) Will the new computer system be able to perform many more tasks than the current system is able to perform 9.In the first half of this year, from January to June, about t
30、hree million videocassette recorders were sold. This number is only 35 percent of the total number of videocassette recorders sold last year. Therefore, total sales of videocassette recorders will almost certainly be lower for this year than they were for last year. Which of the following, if true,
31、most seriously weakens the conclusion aboveAThe total number of videocassette recorders sold last year was lower than the total number sold in the year before that.BMost people who are interested in owning a videocassette recorder have already purchased one.CVideocassette recorders are less expensiv
32、e this year than they were last year.DOf the videocassette recorders sold last year, almost 60 percent were sold in January.E(E) Typically, over 70 percent of the sales of videocassette recorders made in a year occur in the months of November and December. 10.It is better for the environment if as m
33、uch of all packaging as possible is made from materials that are biodegradable in landfills. Therefore, it is always a change for the worse to replace packaging made from paper or cardboard with packaging made from plastics that are not biodegradable in landfills. Which of the following, if true, co
34、nstitutes the strongest objection to the argument aboveAThe paper and cardboard used in packaging are usually not biodegradable in landfills.BSome plastic used in packaging is biodegradable in landfills.CIn many landfills, a significant proportion of space is taken up by materials other than discard
35、ed packaging materials.DIt is impossible to avoid entirely the use of packaging materials that are not biodegradable in landfills.E(E) Sometimes, in packaging an item, plastics that are not biodegradable in landfills are combined with cardboard. 11.Samples from a ceramic vase found at a tomb in Sici
36、ly prove that the vase was manufactured in Greece. Since the occupant of the tomb died during the reign of a Sicilian ruler who lived 2,700 years ago, the location of the vase indicates that there was trade between Sicily and Greece 2,700 years ago. Which of the following is an assumption on which t
37、he argument dependsASicilian potters who lived during the reign of the ruler did not produce work of the same level of quality as did Greek potters.BSicilian clay that was used in the manufacture of pottery during the rulers reign bore little resemblance to Greek clay used to manufacture pottery at
38、that time.CAt the time that the occupant of the tomb was alive, there were ships capable of transporting large quantities of manufactured goods between Sicily and Greece.DThe vase that was found at the Sicilian tomb was not placed there many generations later by descendants of the occupant of the to
39、mb.E(E) The occupant of the tomb was not a member of the royal family to which the Sicilian ruler belonged. 12.Which of the following, if true, is the most logical completion of the argument below The tax system of the Republic of Grootland encourages borrowing by granting its taxpayers tax relief f
40、or interest paid on loans. The system also discourages saving by taxing any interest earned on savings. Nevertheless, it is clear that Grootlands tax system does not consistently favor borrowing over saving, for if it did, there would be no_.Atax relief in Grootland for those portions of a taxpayers
41、 income, if any, that are set aside to increase that taxpayers total savingsBtax relief in Grootland for the processing fees that taxpayers pay to lending institutions when obtaining certain kinds of loansCtax relief in Grootland for interest that taxpayers are charged on the unpaid balance in credi
42、t card accountsDtaxes due in Grootland on the cash value of gifts received by taxpayers from banks trying to encourage people to open savings accountsE(E) taxes due in Grootland on the amount that a taxpayer has invested in interest-bearing savings accounts 13.Airplane manufacturer: I object to your
43、 characterization of our X-387 jets as dangerous. No X-387 in commercial use has ever crashed or even had a serious malfunction. Airline regulator: The problem with the X-387 is not that it, itself, malfunctions, but that it creates a turbulence in its wake that can create hazardous conditions for a
44、ircraft in its vicinity. The airline regulator responds to the manufacturer by doing which of the followingACharacterizing the manufacturers assertion as stemming from subjective interest rather than from objective evaluation of the facts.BDrawing attention to the fact that the manufacturers interpr
45、etation of the word dangerous is too narrow.CInvoking evidence that the manufacturer has explicitly dismissed as irrelevant to the point at issue.DCiting statistical evidence that refutes the manufacturers claim.E(E) Casting doubt on the extent of the manufacturers knowledge of the number of recent
46、airline disasters. 14.Many state legislatures are considering proposals to the effect that certain policies should be determined not by the legislature itself but by public referenda in which every voter can take part. Critics of the proposals argue that the outcomes of public referenda would be bia
47、sed, since wealthy special-interest groups are able to influence voters views by means of television advertisements. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the critics argumentAMany state legislators regard public referenda as a way of avoiding voting on issues on which their constituents
48、 are divided.BDuring elections for members of the legislature, the number of people who vote is unaffected by whether the candidates run television advertisements or not.CProponents of policies that are opposed by wealthy special-interest groups are often unable to afford advertising time on local television stations.DDifferent special-interest groups often take opposing positions on questions