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1、2022山西大学英语考试考前冲刺卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.It can be inferred from the
2、conversation that the manAis very intelligent.Benjoys great popularity.Cis a gifted baseball player.Dstill faces stiff competition. 2.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.Jul
3、es Vernes stories about the future inventions were based onAhis knowledge of science and his own experiences in adventure.Bhis imagination and his love for science.Chis own experiences in adventure and his imagination.Dhis knowledge of science and his imagination. 3.Questions 14 to 17 are based on t
4、he following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.What is the regulation regarding the raising of the American National FlagAIt should be raised by soldiers.BIt should be raised quickly by hand.CIt should be raised only
5、by Americans.DIt should be raised by mechanical means. 4.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.How long will the woman have to stay away from workANot too long.BE
6、ight weeks or less.CNo more than eight weeks.DMore than eight weeks. 5.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.According to the passage, the work of Youth Summit refers toAvisit
7、s to the Nixon Library.Bthe Chinese students visit to the U.S.Ca meeting discussing relations between China and the U.S.Dactivities to strengthen the ties between the Chinese and American students. 6.Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will
8、be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.Rory McDonald recommends Christina Hudson to buyAa kilt.Bsweaters and whiskey.Csouvenirs.Da kilt and local whiskey. 7.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 se
9、conds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.Jules Vernes descriptions about future inventions wereAoften correct.Btotally accurate.Centirely wrong.Dmerely fairy stories. 8.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to
10、answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.How should the American National Flag be displayed at an unveiling ceremonyAIt should be attached to the statue.BIt should be hung from the top of the monument.CIt should be spread over the object to be unveiled.DIt should be carried high up in the ai
11、r. 9.Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.What is Egyptian President Hosni Mubaraks vision of reformAIt should be radical and rapid to take effect.BIt should be gradual and prude
12、nt instead of excessively hasty.CPolitical and economic reform should keep hand in hand.DEconomic reform is essential for political reform. 10.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the pa
13、ssage.The student from Shanghai thought about the time 25 years ago because it was the time whenANixon died.BNixon visited China.CNixon became U.S. president.DNixon started building the library in his nam 11.Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, y
14、ou will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.Which of the following is INCORRECT about Rory McDonaldAHe has always lived in Edinburgh.BHe wears a kilt.CHe is head of the McDonald clan.DHe is proud of his homelandScotlan 12.Questions 24 and 25 are based on the
15、following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.Which of the following details is CORRECTABrazil features The Beautiful Game.BBrazil will be beaten in the first round this year.CGermany has beaten Brazil 4 years ago.DGermany
16、won the last World Cup. 13.Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.What has partly overshadowed the Egypts hosting of the World Economic ForumAA slow pace of change in Egypt.BHundre
17、ds of activists being in prison.CA crackdown on dissent that preceded the Forum.DDemonstrations held in the streets to support judges. 14.Question 26 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news.AMore than 40
18、 settlements.BMore than 14 settlements.CMore than 20 settlements.DMore than 12 settlements. 15.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.Which of the following is CORRECT about th
19、e use of the American National FlagAThere has been a lot of controversy over the use of flag.BThe best athletes can wear uniforms with the design of the flag.CThere are precise regulations and customs to be followed.DAmericans can print the flag on their cushions or handkerchiefs. 16.Questions 18 to
20、 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.What is the passage mainly aboutAThe China-U.S. relations.BThe Nixon Library.CPresident Nixon.DThe Youth Summit. 17.Questions 24 and 25 are based on the
21、 following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.How many times has Brazil won the championship in the World CupA2.B3.C4.D5. 18.Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be give
22、n 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.Who has the group Human Rights Watch thought the suppression of dissent will alienateADemonstrators.BBusiness leaders.CInvestors and activists.DPro-reform judges. 19.Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the n
23、ews item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.How many unidentified bodies are likely to be BurmeseASeveral.B80.CMore than 800.DSeveral hundre 20.Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds t
24、o answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.When did the term lobbyist become popularAIn the early to mid 18th century.BIn the early to mid 19th century.CIn the early 19th century.DIn the early 18th century. 21.The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smel
25、lers compared with animals, (31) this is largely because, (32) animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are (33) to perceiving those smells which float through the air, (34) the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, (35) , we are extremely sensitive to smells, (36) we do n
26、ot generally realize it. Our noses are capable of (37) human smells even when these are (38) to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, (39) others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some peo
27、ple do not have the genes necessary to generate (40) smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send (41) to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell (42) can suddenly become sensitive to it when (43) to it often eno
28、ugh. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it (44) to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can (45) new receptors if necessary. This may (46) explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smellswe simply do not need to be. We are not (47) of t
29、he usual smell of our own house, but we (48) new smells when we visit someone elses. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors (49) for unfamiliar and emergency signals (50) the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.AalthoughBasCbutDwhile 22.Our _ sensitivity decreases with a
30、ge. By age 60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.A. sensibleB. senselessC. sensitiveD. sensory 23.Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, l
31、isten to the news.The surviving Burmese faced the following problems after the tsunami EXCEPTAthey had no jobs.Btheir homes and belongings were gone.Cit was difficult for them to be registered.Dthey were unable to get government ai 24.Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end o
32、f the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.Which of the following details is INCORRECTAThe art of lobbying politicians has a rather long history in U.S.BAmericans have the fights to petition the government.CJack Abramoff was charged with corruption
33、.DThe line between lobbying and bribery is vagu 25.The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, (31) this is largely because, (32) animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are (33) to perceiving those smells which float
34、through the air, (34) the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, (35) , we are extremely sensitive to smells, (36) we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of (37) human smells even when these are (38) to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that
35、they can smell one type of flower but not another, (39) others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate (40) smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send (41) to the brain. Howev
36、er, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell (42) can suddenly become sensitive to it when (43) to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it (44) to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can (45) new receptors
37、 if necessary. This may (46) explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smellswe simply do not need to be. We are not (47) of the usual smell of our own house, but we (48) new smells when we visit someone elses. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors (49) for unfamiliar and emergen
38、cy signals (50) the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.AaboveBunlikeCexcludingDbesides 26.Although numbers of animals in a given region may fluctuate from year to year, the fluctuations are often temporary and, over long periods, trivial. Scientists have advanced three theories
39、of population control to account for this relative constancy. The first theory attributes a relatively constant population to periodic climatic catastrophes that decimate populations with such frequency as to prevent them from exceeding some particular limit. In the case of small organisms with shor
40、t life cycles, climatic changes need not be catastrophic: normal seasonal changes in photoperiod (daily amount of sunlight), for example, can govern population growth. This theorythe density independent viewasserts that climatic factors exert the same regulatory effect on population regardless of th
41、e number of individuals in a region. A second theory argues that population growth is primarily density-dependentthat is, the rate of growth of a population in a region decreases as the number of animals increases. The mechanisms that manage regulation may vary. For example, as numbers increase, the
42、 food supply would probably diminish, which would increase mortality. In addition, as Lotka and Volterra have shown, predators can find prey more easily in high-density populations. Other regulators include physiological control mechanisms: for example, Christian and Davis have demonstrated how the
43、crowding that results from a rise in numbers may bring about hormonal changes in the pituitary (垂体) and adrenal glands (肾上腺) that in turn may regulate population by lowering sexual activity and inhibiting sexual maturation. There is evidence that these effects may persist for three generations in th
44、e absence of the original provocation. One challenge for density-dependent theorists is to develop models that would allow the precise prediction of the effects of crowding. A third theory, proposed by Wynne-Edwards and termed epideictic, argues that organisms have evolved a code in the form of soci
45、al or epideictic behavior displays, such as winter roosting aggregations or group vocalizing; such codes provide organisms with information on population size in a region so that they can, if necessary, exercise reproductive restraint. However, Wynne-Edwards theory, linking animal social behavior an
46、d population control, has been challenged, with some justification, by several studies.Which of the following may be a density-independent factor that affects animal populationAFamine.BTornadoes.CThe number of predators.DThe variety of food supply. 27.Science is committed to the universal. A sign of
47、 this is that the more successful a science becomes, the broader the agreement about its basic concepts. There is not a separate Chinese or American or Soviet thermodynamics, for example; there is simply thermodynamics. For several decades of the twentieth century there was a Western and a Soviet genetics, the la