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1、2022云南在职攻读硕士联考考试真题卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.哈丁争论说，人们使用共同拥有的(即对任何使用者开放的)牧场比使用私人的牧场更不注意。每个放牧者都有过度使用公地的冲动，因为从中获得利益将归于个人，而由于过度使用土地引起的土地质量下降的成本由所有使用者分摊。但一项研究比较了2.17亿英亩的公用牧场和4.33亿英亩的私人牧场，表明公用牧场的条件更好。 与哈丁的宣称做比较，评价以上描述的这项研究的意义时，以下哪一个问题的答案将最有用A有没有一些放牧者，他们
2、的土地属于被研究之列，既使用公用土地又使用私人土地B那些自己的土地属于被研究之列的放牧者是否倾向于更愿意使用公地而不使用私人土地来放牧C在用来放牧之前该研究中的私人土地是否有与公地的质量相当D该研究中的公地使用者是否至少与私人土地的使用者一样有钱2.用甘蔗提炼乙醇比用玉米需要更多的能量，但奇怪的是，多数酿酒者却偏爱用甘蔗做原料。 以下哪项最能解释上述矛盾现象A任何提炼乙醇的原料的价格都随季节波动，而提炼的费用则相对稳定。B用玉米提炼乙醇比用甘蔗节省时间。C玉米质量对乙醇产出品的影响较甘蔗小。D燃烧甘蔗废料可提供向乙醇转化所需的能量，而用玉米提炼乙醇则完全需额外提供能源。3.在过去的几十年中，位
3、于加拿大南部和美国北部的多草的湿地被广泛排水和开发，而这些地方对于鸭类、鹅类、天鹅和大多数其他种类的水鸟的筑巢和孵化是必不可少的。北美这一地区鸭类的数目在此期间大幅度下降，但是，天鹅和鹅类的数目并没有受到显著的影响。 以下哪项陈述如果为真，最有助于解释上文中所提到的不一致之处A在被开发地区，禁止捕猎水鸟的禁令比在野生地区更容易被强化。B大多数天鹅和鹅类的筑巢和孵化地比鸭类的更靠北，那里至今还未被开发。C已经被开发利用的土地很少能够提供适合于水鸟的食物。D天鹅和鹅类的数量在干旱期减少，因为此时可供孵化的地点越来越少。4.随着市场经济的发展，我国的一些城市出现了这样的一种现象：许多工种由外来人口去
4、做，而本地却有大量的待业人员。 假设各城市的就业条件是一样的，则以下各项都可能是造成这种现象的原因，除了_A外来的劳动力大多数是其他城市的待业人员。B本地人对工种过于挑剔。C外地的劳动力的价格比较低廉。D外来劳动力比较能吃苦耐劳。5.对于穿鞋来说，正合脚的鞋子比过大的鞋子好。不过，在寒冷的天气，尺寸稍大点的毛衣与一件正合身的毛衣的差别并不大。 从以上论述最能推出以下哪个结论A不合脚的鞋子不能在冷天穿。B毛衣的大小只不过是式样的问题，与其功能无关。C不合身的衣服有时仍然有穿用价值。D在买礼物时，尺寸不如用途那样重要。6.甲向乙借款并将自己的房子抵押给乙，并办理了抵押登记。抵押后甲又将该房屋出租给
5、丙，因甲无力还款，乙欲行使抵押权。则下列表述正确的是_。A甲与丙之间的租赁合同不具有效力，抵押权行使后租赁合同对新的受让人具有效力B甲与丙之间的租赁合同具有效力，抵押权行使后租赁合同对新的受让人具有效力C甲与丙之间的租赁合同具有效力，但抵押权行使后租赁合同对新的受让人不具有效力D甲与丙之间的租赁合同效力待定7.下列选项中，应当认定为民法上孳息的是_。A牛腹中怀的小牛犊B兑换国库券获得的利息C未收割的庄稼D供气管道输送的煤气8.客体既可以是动产或不动产，也可以是权利的是_。A质权B抵押权C留置权D建设用地使用权9.甲到商场购买自行车时，向商场明示购买自己已经选好的“永久”牌自行车一辆，并约定于第
6、二日付足其余价款，从而要求商场将自行车存放于仓库保管，则商场和甲之间形成的债权债务关系属于_。A特定物之债B种类物之债C选择之债D按份之债10.甲、乙、丙、丁、戊同在一车祸中丧生，甲、乙系夫妻关系，丙、丁系甲、乙子女，戊为丙之子，己为丁之妻，庚为戊之子。假如没有其他继承人，则根据继承法的有关规定，下列关于继承权的表述，正确的是_。A应当首先推定甲、乙先死亡，同时认定甲、乙之间不发生继承关系B应当首先推定戊先死亡C己享有对甲所留遗产的代位继承权D庚享有对乙的代位继承权11.甲、乙之间系同事，后因工作纠纷而反目成仇。甲为了报复乙，遂将乙与丙长期同居的真实事实公布于众，导致乙服毒自杀未遂，虽然乙被及
7、时抢救，但成残疾。根据我国有关的法律规定，甲侵犯了乙的_。A健康权B身体权C隐私权D名誉权12.根据继承法的有关规定，下列选项中表述错误的是_。A遗产债务的清偿原则实行限定继承原则B对于需要清偿的遗产债务，既有遗嘱继承，又有遗赠的，应当首先由遗嘱继承人清偿债务，不足部分由受遗赠人清偿C既有遗嘱继承和遗赠，又有遗赠扶养协议的，应当按照遗赠扶养协议执行D受遗赠人先于立遗嘱人死亡的，则受遗赠人的受遗赠权消灭13.甲与乙签订买卖合同，但买卖合同签订后，出现了双方当事人无法预见的情势变更，但甲方并没有将该情势变更事实通知乙方，致使乙方无法将货物按时发运给甲方。则甲方违反了_。A诚实信用原则B公序良俗原则
8、C禁止权利滥用原则D公平原则14.下列行为应当认定为侵犯商业秘密行为的是_。A某甲将与某公司缔约过程中获取的商业秘密告知某乙B某丙将某丁窃得的商业秘密用于生产试销产品，但某丙以为该商业秘密为某丁合法拥有CA公司通过协议将其商业秘密告知B公司DC公司在某次座谈会上将公司管理诀窍传授给D公司15.根据合同法的有关规定，下列关于不安抗辩权的表述正确的是_。A在赠与合同履行过程中，如果义务人不交付赠与的标的物，则受让方有权主张不安抗辩权B在买卖合同达成后，如果出让方经营状况不佳，受让方可以主张不安抗辩权C在租赁合同履行过程中，行使不安抗辩权的一方有权拒绝并直接终止自己的履行D在运输合同中，行使不安抗辩
9、权的主体是先履行方，后履行方不得行使不安抗辩权16.甲因盖婚房结婚，向同事乙、丙各借钱1.5万元，承诺婚后归还。后房屋完工，婚事已办，甲绝口不提还钱。乙向甲要钱不成，与丙协商，将自己的1.5万元债权以1万元转让给丙。则下列说法正确的是_。A乙向甲要钱，则乙、丙的诉讼时效均中断B乙向甲要钱，则乙的诉讼时效中止C乙的债权转让后，丙的诉讼时效从债权转让协议生效之日起中断D乙的债权转让后，丙的诉讼时效从债权转让告知甲之日起中断17.根据侵权责任法的有关规定，患者在诊疗活动中受到损害的，医疗机构及其医务人员承担赔偿责任的归责原则是_。A过错责任原则B推定过错责任原则C无过错责任原则D公平分担损失原则18
10、.根据物权法的规定，下列有关物权及其变动实例的表述，正确的是_。A动产质权合同自移转质物占有时生效B抵押合同自合同成立时生效C土地承包经营权自登记时设定D建设用地使用权自建设用地使用权出让合同时设定19.根据合同法的有关规定，下列合同类型中，只有一方当事人有权行使法定解除合同权利的是_。A委托合同B加工承揽合同C租赁合同D买卖合同20.宣告死亡引起的法律后果包括_。A被宣告死亡的人与债权人之间的债权债务关系消灭B被宣告死亡的人与配偶的夫妻关系中止C为被宣告死亡的人指定财产代管人D被宣告死亡的人的民事权利能力终止21.根据物权法的规定，下列有关异议登记制度的说法正确的是_。A申请人提出异议登记的
11、，需提供权利遭受侵害的相关证明B申请人提出异议登记的，必须在异议登记之日起15日内起诉，否则异议登记失效C申请人提出的异议登记不当造成权利人损失的，登记机关和申请人承担连带责任D申请异议登记后，在异议登记期间，所登记物权的买受人可以依据善意取得制度对抗申请人22.根据物权法的有关规定，因添附引发的物权变动，自_生效。A添附之物已办理登记时B添附行为被确认为合法时C添附行为发生时D添附行为成就时23.限制民事行为能力人签订的遗赠扶养协议的效力应当认定为_。A有效B无效C效力待定D可撤销24.下列选项中，债权人不能行使撤销权的是_。A债务人放弃未到期债权B债务人放弃债权的担保C债务人怠于行使到期债
12、权D债务人恶意延长到期债务履行期25.根据商标法规定，下列商品、服务或标志能够申请商标注册的是_。A“大豆”牌豆油BQQ手机消息铃声C“江南牦牛”牌牛骨酒D“黑鬼”牌牙膏26.已知，计算=（）。A.B.7C.D.5E.27.一条信息可通过如图的网络线由上(A点)往下向各站点传送。例如，信息到b2点可由经a1的站点送达，也可由经a2的站点送达，共有两条途径传送。则信息由A点到达d3的不同途径共有（）。A.3B.4C.5D.6E.1228.不等式（a2-3a+2）x2+（a-1）x+20的解为一切实数，则（）。A.a1B.a≤1或a2C.D.E.29.甲公司期初库存材料计划成本8 000万元
13、，材料成本差异借方余额500万元，本月2日委托加工发出计划成本800万元，加工后本月收回没有差异，本月10日购进材料实际成本2100万元，计划成本为2 000万元。本月材料成本差异的余额是_万元。A412B552C450D550 30.甲公司赊销商品一批，销售价格为4 000元，增值税额为680元，商业折扣为 10%，销售折扣条件为2/10，1/20，n/30，假设企业按总价法核算，则应收账款的入账金额为_元。A4 212B4 292C3 200D4 680 31.投资者投入的无形资产，其入账价值为_。A投资各方确认的价值(公允)B无形资产在投资方的账面价值C无形资产在投资方的摊余价值D评估确
14、认的价格 32.某项固定资产原值为15 500元，预计使用年限为5年，预计净残值为500元，按双倍余额递减法计提折旧，则第三年年末该固定资产的账面价值为_元。A3 348B5 580C6 320D6 500 33.某股份有限公司对期末存货采用成本与可变现净值孰低法计价，2004年12月 31日A库存商品的实际成本为40万元，预计进一步加工所需费用为16万元，预计销售费用及税金为8万元。该库存商品的市场销售价格为60万元。假定该公司以前年度未计提存货跌价准备，则2004年12月31日该项存货应计提的跌价准备为_万元。A0B4C16D20 34.甲公司按单项投资计提长期股权投资减值准备，该公司年末
15、某项长期股权投资的账面价值余额为50万元，市价为42万元，补提减值准备前长期投资减值准备有贷方余额10万元。据此计算年末对该项长期股权投资补提的长期投资减值准备为_万元。A2B8C-2D0 35.甲公司以3 000万元取得乙公司30%的股权，取得投资时乙公司可辨认净资产的公允价值为9 000万元。甲公司能够对乙公司施加重大影响，则甲公司应计入长期股权投资的金额为_万元。A6 000B2 700C9 000D3 000 36.“预付账款”科目明细账中若有贷方余额，应计入资产负债表中的_项目。A应收账款B应付账款C预收账款D预付账款 37.ABC公司对劳务收入的确认采用完工百分比法。2004年2月
16、1日该公司与客户签订了一项劳务合同，合同总收入为200万元，预计合同总成本为180万元，合同期限为2年。截至2004年12月31日，该工程实际已经发生成本108万元，则ABC公司 2004年度应确认的劳务收入为_万元。A120B200C180D0 38.甲公司对其家电产品实行“包退、包换、包修”的销售政策。2004年该公司共销售家电产品200万元(不含增值税)，根据以往的销售经验，该公司销售的商品中，包退的商品占2%，包换的产品占2%，包修的产品占1%，则甲公司2004年应确认的销售收入为_万元。A196B200C190D192 39.For an increasing number of s
17、tudents at American universities, Old is suddenly in. The reason is obvious: the graying of America means jobs. Coupled with the aging of the baby-boom (生育高峰) generation, a longer life span means that the nations elderly population is bound to expand significantly over the next 40 years. By 2040, 25
18、 percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995. The change poses profound questions for government and society, of course. But it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well. In addition to the doctors, were going
19、 to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers, says Professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern Californias (USC) School of Gerontology (老年学). Lawyers can specialize in elder law, which covers everything from masts and estates to nursing-home abuse and a
20、ge discrimination (歧视). Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history. Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA or law degree, will have a lic
21、ense to print money, one professor says. Margarite Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC. She began college as a biology major but found she was really bored with bacteria. So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she liked it. She says, I did volunteer work in retirement homes and it
22、was very satisfying.Old is suddenly in(Line 1, ParA1) most probably means_.A. America has suddenly become a nation of old peopleB. gerontology has suddenly become popularC. name elderly professors are found on American campusesD. American colleges have realized the need of enrolling older students 4
23、0.Directions: In this part there are ten incomplete sentences, each with four suggested answers. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.Living in the central Australia
24、n desert has its problems, _obtaining water is not the least.Afor whichBto whichCof whichDin which 41.Two main techniques have been used for training elephants, which we may call respectively the tough and the gentle. The former method simply consists of setting an elephant to work and beating him u
25、ntil he does what is expected. Apart from any moral considerations this is a stupid method of training, for it produces a resentful animal who at a later stage may well turn man-killer. The gentle method requires more patience in the early stages, but produces a cheerful, good-tempered elephant who
26、will give many years of loyal service. The first essential in elephant training is to assign to the animal a single mahout who will be entirely responsible for the job. Elephants like to have one master just as dogs do, and are capable of a considerable degree of personal affection. There are even s
27、tories of half-trained elephant calves who have refused to feed and pained to death when by some unavoidable circumstance they have been deprived of their own trainer. Such extreme cases must probably be taken with a grain of salt, but they do underline the general principle that the relationship be
28、tween elephant and mahout is the key to successful training. The most economical age to capture an elephant for training is between fifteen and twenty years, for it is then almost ready to undertake heavy work and can begin to earn its keep straight away. But animals of this age do not easily become
29、 subservient to man, and a very firm hand must be employed in the early stages. The captive elephant, still roped to a tree, plunges and screams every time a man approaches, and for several days will probably refuse all food through anger and fear. Sometimes a tame elephant is tethered nearby to giv
30、e the wild one confidence, and in most cases the captive gradually quietens down and begins to accept its food. The next stage is to get the elephant to the training establishment, a ticklish business which is achieved with the aid of two tame elephants roped to the captive on either side. When seve
31、ral elephants are being trained at one time, it is customary for the new arrival to be placed between the stalls of two captives whose training is already well advanced. It is then left completely undisturbed with plenty of food and water so that it can absorb the atmosphere of its new home and see
32、that nothing particularly alarming is happening to its companions when it is eating normally, its own training begins. The trainer stands in front of the elephant holding a long stick with a sharp metal point. Two assistants, mounted on tame elephants, control the captive from either side, while oth
33、ers rub their hands over his skin to the accompaniment of a monotonous and soothing chant. This is supposed to induce pleasurable sensations in the elephant, and its effects are reinforced by the use of endearing epithets, such as ho! my son, or ho! My father, or my mother according to the age and s
34、ex of the captive. The elephant is not immediately susceptible to such blandishments, however, and usually lashes fiercely with its trunk in all directions. These movements are controlled by the trainer with the metal-pointed stick, and the trunk eventually becomes so sore that the elephant curls it
35、 up and seldom afterwards uses it for offensive purposes.The ill-treatment of an elephant during training_.Acan have unpleasant consequences laterBis the most effective method availableCincreases the time it takes to train the animalDensures loyal service for years to come 42.The biggest safety thre
36、at facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, b
37、ut increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation (航空) industry, has recommended that all airlines ban (禁止) such devices from being used during
38、critical stages of flight, particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-o
39、ff and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights. The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircrafts computers. Experts know that portable devices emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which airc
40、raft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not. The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的) to interference raises the risk that terrorists
41、may use radio system in order to damage navigation equipment. As worrying, though, is the passenger who cant hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the musics too loud.The passage is mainly about_.Aa new regulation for all airlinesBthe defects of electronic devicesCa possible cause of a
42、ircraft crashesDeffective safety measures for air flight 43.The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to p
43、eoples desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers money. Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to tu
44、rned out that the bread was not dietetic (适合于节食的), but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf. On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumers real concerns. Consider fire insurance. F
45、ire insurance maybe sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insura
46、nce plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising. Each consumer must evaluate her or his orca situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by_.Astressing their high qualityBconvincing him of thei