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1、英语高考专题复习讲与练15 情态动词一、考点聚焦1、 情态动词的基本用法(1)can、 be able to 和 could can 和 be able to 都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。 但 can 只有现在和过去时， 而 be able to 则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could 而用 was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于 managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。如：Can you use chopsticks? The wounded man still was able to get to
2、the village and was saved in the end. can 和 could can 和 could 都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用could，回答时则用can。如：Could you help me carry the bag? Can I help you? (2)may/might may/might 表示可能，但may 比 might 可能性大。如：-Why is nt he in class?He may be sick.( 生病的可能性较大) He might be sick.( 生病的可能性较小)
3、may/might 表示 “ 允许 ” ， may 用于现在时或将来时， might 常用在间接引语中表过去时，但 might 也可用于现在时间，表示比较委婉的语气，回答用may。如：He says we may leave. He said we might leave. may / might 表示建议或请求，但might 比 may 更客气，意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。Yes, you can / may. May / Might I use your bike? No, you mustnt（3）must must 表示必须，应该，没有时态变化。如：You must do every
4、thing as I do. must 表示肯定的推测。如：The light is still on, so he must be at home. mustnt 表示禁止做某事。如：You mustn t smoke in the office.（4）have to have to 表示 “ 必须、不得不” ，是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“ 必须 ” ，“ 不得不 ” 做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“ 必须 ” 做。 have to 的否定形式表示不必。have to 可用于多种时态中。如：You will have to clean your own boots when you j
5、oin the army. 精品学习资料第 1 页，共 5 页I have to be at my office every evening. （5）should / ought to should 和 ought to 表示应当、应该，前者比后者语气轻。如：You should / ought to work hard. should / ought to work hard. Since she is not here, whe should / ought to be in the classroom. should / ought to 的否定形式表示禁止之意。如：Children s
6、houldn t smoke.should 可表示陈述意见，推出建议或请求；而ought to 可以表示劝告之意。如：You ought to respect your parents. He suggested that they should leave at once. （6）will / would will 用于各种人称表示“ 意志 ” 、“ 意愿 ” 或“ 决心 ” 等，否定式won t + 动词。如：I will tell you all about it. Tom won t do s uch a thing. will 用于疑问句中，常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“ 请求
7、 ” 或“ 询问 ” 如：Will you please tell her the news when you see her? will 表示习惯性的动作，有“ 总是 ” 、“ 惯于 ” 的含义。如：Fish will die out of water. would 表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。如：Would you please be quiet? Would you like coffee? would 表示过去反复发生的动作。如：When I passed my school I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago. （7）n
8、eed need 作 “ 必要 ” 讲，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带 to，其变化与一般动词相同。如：I need to think it over. Need you go now? Yes, I must./No, I needn t （8）dare dare表示 “ 敢” 的意思。作为情态动词时，主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词，后面可带to 的不定式，此时to 也可以省略。 dare与 need的用法相似。如：How dare you say that? She doesn t date(to)ask her father.（9）use
9、d to used to表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。如：He used to smoke. （10）shall shall 作为情态动词用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“ 命令 ” 、“ 警告、威胁、强制 ” 和“ 允许 ” 等意思。如：We shall do as our teacher says. You shall have the book as soon as I finish it. 在疑问句中，shall 用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。如：Where shall he wait for us? 精品学习资料第 2 页，共 5
10、 页Shall we go out for a walk? 2、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：例如：It must have rained last night. She may not be at home. = It is possible that she is not at home. She can t be at home. = It is impossible that she is at home.They should be there right now. 3、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩，用法如下：
11、（1）should have done 表示 “ 本来应该做某事而实际上未做” ，而 shouldn t have done 则表示 “ 本不应该做某事而实际上做了” 。如：You should have told me about it earlier. You shouldn t have said such words to your parents.（2）ought to have done 也表示 “ 本应该 ” 而 ought not to have done则意为 “ 本不应该” 。如：You ought to have told me about it earlier. You
12、 ought not to have said such words to your parents. （3）neednt have done 表示 “ 本无必要做某事而实际上做了” 。如：You needn t have walked so quickly since time was enough.（4）could have done 表示 “ 本来有可能 而事实上未做到” 。如：I could have come on time, but my car broke on the way. 二、精典名题导解选择填空1. I was really anxious about you. You
13、_home without a word.(NMET 2001) A.mustn t have B.shouldn t have leftC.couldn t have left D.needn t have解析：答案为B。本题考查的是情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。题目给出的条件是“ 我确实非常担心你” ，因此后面可知应是责备you 不应该没说一句话就离开了。2. Are you coming to Jeff s party? I m not sure. I_ go to the concert instead.(NMET 2000)A.must B.would C.should D.might
14、 解析： 答案为 D。本题考查情态动词的基本用法。由题目中 “I m not sure ”,表明我可能去情态动词对现在和未来的推测对过去的推测使 用 场 合must must + 动词原形must have done 肯定句may / might may / might + 动词原形May / might have done 肯定句、否定句can /could can / could do Can / could have done 否定句、疑问名（could可用于肯定句）should 用来表示一种估计的情况“ 按理会 /估计会 ”should do/beshould have done 肯定
15、句、否定句、疑问句精品学习资料第 3 页，共 5 页Jeff s party，也可能去音乐会，故用might 。3. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me.(NMET 99) A.I mustn t B.I can t C.I needn t D.I wont解析：答案为 B。 本题考查表示请求的英语口语，用 will 来向第二人称提问的疑问结构，是表示一种请求和意愿，是用疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气，意思是“ 请你 ，好吗 ” ，对于这种问句的肯定回答是：Suree! Gertainly! Y
16、es, of course. Id be glad to 等；否定回答通常是： I m sorry, I cant. No, Im afraid I cant. Im sorry, but I d like to, but 等。注意情态动词表客气的用法及其在一般疑问句中的问与答。情态动词1I thought you1ike somethjng to read ，so I have brought you some booksAmay Bmight Ccould Dmust 2There was plenty of time SheAmustn t have hurried Bcouldn t
17、have hurriedCmust not hurry Dneedn t have hurried3The plant is deadIit more water AWill give Bwould have given Cmust give Dshould have given 4Youreturn the book now You can keep it till next week if you likeAcan t Bmustn t Cneedn t Dmay not 5Tom ought not tome your secret ，but he meant no harmAhave
18、told Btell C be telling Dhaving told 6Heyou more help，even though he was very busyAmight have given Bmight give Cmay have given Dmay give 7Heat the meeting this morning He was in hospital at the time Acouldn t have spoken Bmustn t have spokenCshouldn t have spoken D needn t have spoken8He must be in
19、 the classroom，he? Amustn t Bcan t C isn t Dcan 9You were driving at 100 km an hour ，sirBut officer ，IMy car can t go more than 80Amay not have been Bcouldn t have beenCwouldn t have been Dneedn t have been10 Did you visit the famous museum? NoWeit， but we spent too much time shopping Acould have vi
20、sited Bmust have viste Ccan t have visited Dshouldn t have visited11 When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon Theybe ready by 12：00Acan Bshould Cmight Dneed 12 Youto the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to doAneedn t to come Bdon t need comeCdon t need com
21、ing Dneedn t come13 Put on more clothesYoube feeling cold with only a shirt onAcan Bcould Cwould Dmust 14 There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well Ita comfortable journey Acan t be Bshouldn t be Cmustn t have been Dcouldn t have been15 I think all driversseat bel
22、ts 精品学习资料第 4 页，共 5 页Ashould wear Bhad better wear C can wear Dhave to wear 16 Don t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow . AI don t B1 won t C I can t DI havent17 I to1d Sally how to get here ，but perhaps Iit out for her Ahad to write B must have written C should have written Dought to write
23、 18 Petercome with us tonight ，but he isn t very sure yet.Amust Bmay Ccan Dwill 19 A computerthink for itself ；it must be told what to do Acan t Bcouldn t Cneed Dwould 20 Jennyhave kept her wordI wonder why she changed her mind Amust Bshould Cneed Dwould 21 Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes，of course youAmight Bwill Ccan Dshould 22 I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter Ittrue because there was 1ittle snow thereAmay not be Bwon t be Ccouldn t be Dmustn t be情态动词1-5 BDDCA 6-10 AACBA 11-15 BDDDA 16-20 BCBAB 21-22 CC 精品学习资料第 5 页，共 5 页